Mubi North Local Government Area Research Articles

Development of Amperometric Enzyme Biosensor for Determination of Heavy Metal Ions in aqueous samples

An amperometric urease inhibition-based biosensor was developed to detect Pb2+ and Cr3+ ions in water matrix. The modified GCE/ZnO/urease electrode was developed by immobilizing ZnO nanoparticles and urease using gelatin and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. With urea as a substrate, ZnO catalytic activity was examined through cyclic voltammetry. Working conditions of the biosensing system were optimized in terms of current generated in the presence of substrate (urea) as a function of different variables. Optimal sensor activity (current response) was obtained with a urease loading of 4 µl and ZnONPs concentration of 1.5 mg/L. For solution parameters, optimum pH was in the range of 7.0-7.5, optimum temperature was 35oC, optimal substrate concentration 40 µl. Evaluation of some key biosensing properties revealed relatively stable biosensor activity within the first 7 days, good reproducibility with an RSD of 3.61%. Limits of detection (LOD) for the biosensor ranged from 0.04 - 0.07 while limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.22- 0.13 ppm. Applying the developed biosensor to real samples was evaluated by analysing water samples from Kasuwangada River in Mubi North Local Government Area. The system showed good percentage recovery of the added heavy metal standard (0.05 – 0.25 ppm). Percentage recovery within the acceptable range of 98.00% to 103.00% was observed for Pb2+, 92.00% - 102.00 % recovery for Cr3+. Analysis of real samples and assessment of obtained results against a standard method (AAS) showed minimal differences. The developed biosensor showed sufficient sensitivity to the analysed sample and gave quantitative information on the Pb2+ and Cr3+content of the sample. Keywords: Biosensor, Heavy Metals, Urease enzymes, Inhibition studies, Enzyme activity

Challenges of Inclusion of Almagirai in Nigerian School Feeding Scheme

Almagirci has recently become an ideological battlefield debate about the roles of government to support them, which sometimes often focuses on feeding. It is expected that all children should equally attain the highest standard of education and nutrition through a school feeding scheme, but in the context of Nigeria, the commitment is different, especially for Almajirai. This study aims to examine the likely challenges in including Almagirai in Nigerian school feeding schemes with an emphasis on people's perceptions. The use of a survey research method through a questionnaire was adopted by the researchers, administered in Mubi North and South local government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The survey area represents only two out of hundreds of local governments in the country where Almajirai are sited. The findings revealed that out of 220 respondents, 166 (75.45%) and 174 (79.09%) strongly disagree with the current situation of Almajirai in terms of their feeding and the government commitments toward Almagiranci respectively. It was also revealed that 188 (85.45%) of respondents strongly agreed and in support of governments to include Almajirai in the school feeding scheme, simultaneously, 198 (90.00%) respondents responded that the inclusion will have a positive impact on their learning. In response to these challenges, It is expected that governments should move urgently to bring Almagirai under their oversight and regulation to enable her to take care of nutrition and the standard of their education.

Determination of Groundwater Potential Areas Using Remote Sensing (RS) and GIS Techniques in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria.

This study utilizes Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques to determine groundwater potential areas in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The research aim to provide insights for water resource management and sustainable development. Data collected includes Landsat imagery, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), soil data, and vector layers. Preprocessing involved data format conversion, spatial reference alignment, and resolution standardization for compatibility and consistency. Spatial analysis extracted topographic parameters from the DEM and supervised classified Landsat imagery for Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) maps. Six factors, Drainage density, Slope, Soil, Elevation, LULC, and Aspect, were reclassified into low, average, and high groundwater potential indexes. ArcGIS overlay analysis integrated the factors, prioritizing Drainage density, Slope, Soil, and Elevation, to create a composite groundwater potential index. The index was calibrated and classified into five categories: Very Low, Low, Average, Marginally High, and High potential areas. Results reveal diverse groundwater potentials. Very Low areas cover 17,168.23 hectares, Average areas cover 18,534.86 hectares, Marginally High areas cover 19,362.08 hectares, Low areas cover 13,838.41 hectares, and High areas cover 12,757.44 hectares. Spatial distribution shows High potential in settlements like Sabon Gari and Bukkaji, while Very Low potential is found in Wuro Alhaji and Venda. This study contributes to water resource management and sustainable development. Findings aid targeted strategies, benefiting socio-economic development. The research enhances knowledge and informs decision-making for water resource management, fostering development and improving livelihoods in Mubi North LGA.

Food Security: An Analysis of Maize Production Pattern Before and After the Boko–Haram Period in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Lack of food has been identified as one of the constraints faced by most people in the study area. The study was conducted in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State. It analyzed maize production pattern before and after the insurgency in the area. One hundred and sixty (160) registered maize farmers were selected using purposive and simple random sampling techniques and were served with a well – structured questionnaire through which primary data was generated for the study. Specific objectives of the study were to: describe the socio – economic characteristics of the respondents, identify production of maize pattern before and after the insurgency in the study area, and estimate cost of basic inputs used in maize production before and after the insurgency and identify maize production challenges that militate better out-put and good returns. The study concludes that maize production is control by small scale poor resource farmers before and after the insurgency in the area who are faced with dwindling resource capacity that further limited their out –put. 44% of the maize farmers before the insurgency produced 1 – 5 tons, and 63% after insurgency produced less than 1 tons, which is as a result of inaccessibility and high cost of production inputs such as fertilizer and tractor machines. The result revealed a reduction in farm size, use of in inorganic fertilizer and tractor respectively after the insurgency. Similar, it shows that, use of herbicides has increased after the insurgency due to reduction in use of tractor and oxen plough as a means of land preparation. The findings has raised the following salient points: further utilization of chemical herbicides might cause environmental pollution and health risk in the area, food insecurity of the households in the area could be aggravated due to observed increased in prices of herbicides, inadequate access to inorganic fertilizers and tractors, hence the study recommends that; non – governmental organization should intervene by providing supports in areas of inputs, capacity building on alternative fertilizers and appropriate tools, government should intensify security outfit to checkmate insecurity and insurgency in the area, farmers should form cooperatives and association to pool their resources together and pursue common goal (s),that might improve their out-put, productivity, food security, livelihood and minimize poverty on a sustainable basis.

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSON’S AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

A study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections was carried out among Internally Displaced Persons and the host community in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State. 400 stool samples were collected from three communities namely, Barama,Yelwa and Wuro Hande. The Stool samples was processed using formol ether concentration technique and examined under microscope for the cyst of parasites with the aid of identification manual..121 were infected with a Prevalence rate of (30.3%). Eight Parasites species were encountered namely, Ascaris lumbricoides(36.1%), Schistosoma mansoni (22.5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (12.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (5.3%), Hymenolepis nana (2.6%), Enterobius vermicularis (3.0%), Entamoeba coli (6.0%) and Giardia lamblia (7.0%.). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite while Hymenolepis nana was the least encountered. Internally Displaced Persons were more infected (34.5%) compared to the host community (26.0%), though statistically not significant P>0.05. Males were more infected among the IDPs (41.1%) than females 29.1%, while females (27.2%) were more infected than males (24.4%) in the host communities.. The study showed that infection was wide spread within the communities irrespective of settlement status. This could be attributed to poor personal hygiene, and indiscriminate dumping of waste, coupled with the challenges of portable water supply. There is the need for improvement in the availability of portable water supply and proper waste management in mubi and environs.

Parasitological contamination of two water sources in Adamawa-North Senatorial zone, Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study examined the parasitological contamination of well and river water sources, which are among the significant sources of water in the Adamawa-North Senatorial Zone. Water samples were collected aseptically from upstream and downstream of 4 rivers and 32 hand-dug wells between June 2019 to April 2020. The samples were examined for parasitic contamination by sedimentation and staining methods. A total of 149 (58.2%) parasites belonging to six species were detected. Of these, 85(66.4%) and 64(50.0%) were from river and well sources respectively. The parasites detected includes a trematode (Fasciola hepatica), a protozoan (Giardia lamblia), and four nematodes (Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Ancylostoma duodenale). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most abundant parasite detected with a prevalence of 21.9%, and the least was F. hepatica (3.1%). The overall prevalence was higher in rainy season 85(66.4%) than in dry season 64(50.0%) but with no statistical difference (P=0.335). River water had the highest number of parasites in both rainy 47(73.4%) and dry seasons 38(59.4%). Also, river water in both dry and rainy periods had the highest number of A. lumbricoides, A. duodenale, T. trichiura, and F. hepatica. The highest number of S. stercoralis was detected only in the dry season of river water. Well water harbored the highest number of G. lamblia in dry and rainy seasons. Furthermore, A. lumbricoides was also highest in well water during the dry period. Based on Local Government Area (LGA), Mubi-North LGA had the highest number of parasites, but with no statistical difference from those of the other 3 LGAs (P=0.312). As observed in this study, the high prevalence of contamination by parasitic organisms of public health importance is of alarming concern. This is because there is no provision of pipe-borne water in the study area, and the available major sources of water may not be suitable for domestic use due to their high parasitic content.

Effect of Internal Audit on Expenditure Control in Mubi North Local Government Area

This study examines the effect of internal audit on expenditure control in Mubi North Local Government Area. This study employed the survey research design. From the population of the study 50 staffs were selected as a sample for this study. The instrument used for collecting data from the respondents is the questionnaire. The data gathered from the respondents was analyzed using simple percentage statistics and hypothesis was tested using chi-square. The finding shows internal audit in Mubi North LGA is very ineffective. This is because internal audit is not carry out effectively, internal audit has significant effect on expenditure control and among the factors militating affecting the effectiveness of internal audit in Mubi North LGA, low quality of staff is the most importance factor. The study therefore, recommends that there is need for top management of LGA to give high priority to internal audit, by putting in place strategies that will lead to effective practice of internal audit among the staff of the LGA which in turn will lead to effective expenditure control. Keywords: Audit, control, effect, expenditure & internal.

Ethnobotany and phytochemical analysis of Jatropha Tanjorensis in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria

This study was focused on the ethanobotanical survey, phytochemical and proximate analysis of Jatropha tanjorensis in Mubi. The ethnobotanical survey was carried out in some selected parts of both Mubi North and South local government area through oral interview using traditional medicine practioners and some householders as the interviewee. After air drying, pulverizing and extracting the bioactive constituents of the leaf using ethanol and water as solvents, the phytochemical and proximate analysis were carried out using a standard procedures. The ethnobotanical survey showed that, J. tanjorensis were used in the study area as a remedy to diseases such as: measles, scabies, malaria, high blood pressure, stomach ache, diabetes mellitus, eczema and anaemia with 74 % of the interviewee mentioning leaves as part mostly used. The qualitative phytochemical screening indicated the presence of compounds, namely: tannins, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides and anthraquinones in both the ethanoic and aqueous leaf extracts except terpenoids which was not detected in the ethanolic extract. The quantitative analysis showed glycosides (4.12 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (3.45 mg/100 g) as the highest compound in the ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively. Carbohydrate was shown to be the highest proximate constituent with 52.38 % and fat the least with 1.76 %. Therefore, J. tanjorensis is rich in bioactive constituents and the leaves are mostly the plant part used as a remedy to illnesses such measles, scabies, malaria, high blood pressure, stomach ache, diabetes mellitus, eczema and anaemia.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Malaria and the Use of Insecticide-Treated Net among Rural Dwellers in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Malaria continues to be a critical health issue globally with more cases from the WHO African region and has remained endemic in Nigeria despite the possession of insecticide-treated nets. This present study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding malaria and the use of ITNs as a malaria prevention strategy among rural dwellers in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. A systematic questionnaire was used to get responses from a total of 304 households from January to March 2020 with only one adult interviewed per household. The respondents were the heads of the household. In their absence, a responsible adult above eighteen years, chosen by the family was interviewed. 99.3% (302) of the respondents agreed that malaria is caused as a result of a mosquito bite. The majority (90.8%) of them also agreed that ITN prevents mosquito bites, while 86.8% of them had ITNs. The study participants identified Fever (82.2%) and Headache (33.9%) as the most common evidence of malaria. Our study participants applied various preventive measures against mosquito bites such as the use of ITNs (86.5%), clearing breeding sites around their homes (28.3%), use of insecticidal sprays (18.8%), and wearing protective clothing’s (6.9%). This study has shown that respondents had good knowledge and attitude towards malaria and ITN, and also employed various measures to reduce the prevalence of malaria in the area.

Does Value Addition Pay? Evidence from Roasted Meat Processors in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State

Aim: To determine the profitability of adding value to roasted meat by the processors in Mubi-north Local Government Area of Adamawa State.
 Methodology: Cross sectional data was taken from 70 roasted meat processors through semi-structured questionnaire. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and value addition model.
 Results: Result of the study revealed that majority (88.57 %) of the roasted meat processors were male who were within the age range of 26 and 55, with most (84.28 %) having formal education. Also, it was found that chicken (720) processing had the highest margin of value addition among five different type of meat captured. More also, processors perceived value addition on roasted meat (suya) to be profitable. The processors reported poor storage facilities and inadequacy of finance for the purchase of input as the most worrisome.
 Conclusion: It was therefore concluded from the result that, amidst the stated constraints, value addition activity was said to be profitable. However, encouraging the teeming youth to engage in the business of value addition to meat products, provision of cold rooms together with constant power supply and policies that ensure easy access to loans and credit facilities were measures recommended for encouraging processors and improving profitability on suya processing.

Analysis of Soil Physiochemical Properties on Different Land_use in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Analysis of Soil Physiochemical Properties on Different Land_use in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

DETERMINANTS OF TABLE EGG DEMAND IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

The study modelled table egg data to uncover the factors influencing table egg demand in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. The research entailed a household survey based on multistage sampling that elicited data from 260 households. Diagnostic checks such as Smirnov-Kolmogorov test was used to test for normality, link test for model specification, Cook-Weisberg test for heteroscedasticity, Durbin-Watson test for autocorrelation and variance inflating factor for multicollinearity. Result of diagnostic checks following ordinary least square (OLS) technique revealed heteroscedastic, auto-correlated and non-normally distributed data set for the study, hence, necessitated the robust regression to correct for those anomalies. The factors influencing demand of table egg were predicted with coefficients in tandem with a priori expectations. Price of egg and age of household heads showed negative coefficient, while, price of substitute (fish), income, education, household size, and knowledge on nutrition status of egg showed positive coefficient. The results further disclosed a high R2 of 72.17 and low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 8.2145 revealed that the model was correctly specified. The study validated theoretical postulation of inverse proportionality between price and demand of commodity; applicable also in model for table egg demand in the study.

The Spatial Distribution and Trends of Cases of Malaria Fever in Selected Areas of Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

The Spatial Distribution and Trends of Cases of Malaria Fever in Selected Areas of Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Analysis of Smoked Fish Marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State

Analysis of Smoked Fish Marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State

The role of small-scale Enterprise in Entrepreneurship development in developing Economy: An analysis of bakery enterprise in Mubi-north local Government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

The role of small-scale Enterprise in Entrepreneurship development in developing Economy: An analysis of bakery enterprise in Mubi-north local Government area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

An investigation on the chemical and physical properties of gada and muvur silica sand for glass making

The suitability of silica sand deposits of Gada and Muvur in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria for commercial glass production was assessed based on the chemical and physical properties of the silica sand samples collected along the river sides. The test was carried out at National Metallurgical Development Centre (NMDC) Jos. Chemical analysis was carried out using x-ray florescence spectrometer (XRFS) and the physical properties such as the particle size, grain morphology and specific gravity examinations were carried out using mechanical shaker (sieving method), electronic microscope to reveal the shape of the samples and the specific gravity testing machine respectively. The results obtained were assessed and compared with the standard requirements for glass making. Gada had the highest percentage of silica content of 81.00% and Muvur had the lowest percentage of silica content of 79.40%, but all samples are within the acceptable limits for glass making. The iron oxide content in all the samples was found to be high, with highest value of 1.33% for Muvur and lowest value of 1.28% for Gada. However, the iron content for all the samples was above 1% thereby limiting the range of applications to coloured and amber glass manufacturing. The physical properties that is, the grain morphology which was found to be angular with specific gravity of 2.50 for both the samples were found to satisfy the standard requirements for glass making. Keywords: Silica sand, iron oxide, grain morphology, glass, specific gravity, grain fitness number

Economics analysis of rice marketing in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria

bstract. The purpose of the study was to make an economic analysis of rice marketing in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Rice marketing system, constraints associated with cost and return of rice marketing and problem of rice marketing were examined. A total of 60 respondents were selected using multi-stage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was designed in line with the objective of the study and administered by means of interview scheduled in generating the data analyzed. Both descriptive (frequency, tables and percentages) and inferential statistics (profitability analysis, total cost and return) were employed to the analyzed the data. The result of the analysis showed that the major form of processed rice that is marketed in the area is regular milled white rice. The gross margin obtained was N235690.00 (US$656.55) showing that the marketing of rice is profitable. From the study, the profitability ratio shows that it is viable with every N1.00 invested in rice marketing giving a return of N2. The major constraints associated with rice marketing include high cost of transportation and inadequate processing facilities. The study suggests an improvement of the road network system and provision of agricultural credit to enable rice traders expand the volume of their operations. It was also recommended that agricultural training workshop in rice marketing should be used from time to time to educate producers and marketers on storage and distribution processes

Effects of Women Education on the Use of Contraceptive Technology as a Measure of Human Population Growth Control in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State

Effects of Women Education on the Use of Contraceptive Technology as a Measure of Human Population Growth Control in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State

ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS AMONG RURAL FARMING HOUSEHOLDS IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

The study analyzes Food security status among rural farming households in Mubi North local Government Area of Adamawa state, Nigeria. Respondents’ socio- economic characteristics, food security status determinants of household food security and production constraints faced by respondents in achieving food security in the study area were investigated. Data were collected from one hundred and twelve (112) randomly selected rural farmers in six villages of the six (6) selected wards of Mubi North local government area using structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. The result revealed that 72.32% of the respondents were male and 75% were married. Majority (72.33%) of the respondents had one form of formal education or the other and with a mean farming experience of 12 years. The respondents were mostly in their economically active age (mean age of 37 years) and cultivate an average of 2.95 hectares of farm land using personal savings. The mean per capita food expenditure per month was estimated to be N6, 205.11 and the value was used as food security index, and majority (74.10%) of the households were food secured in the study area. The result further revealed that educational level, farm size, farming experience and total monthly income of household heads were positively related to households’ food security status, while age of households’ head was inversely related to food security status. The major production constraints to achieving food security status in the study area include; poor access to credit facilities (98%), high cost of agro-chemicals (81%) inadequate and high cost of fertilizer (78%), shortage of labour (77%), poor storage facilities (62%) and inadequate extension visit (51%). The study among others recommended that rural farmers should be trained on farm management efficiency to boost production capacity and they should explore non-farm income to augment their existing income so as to increase their potentials considering that most of the farmers are youths.

Food security status of female-headed households in Mubi North Local Government area, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract. This study investigated the food security status of female-headed households (FHHs) in Mubi north local government area (LGA) of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Specifically, the socio economic characteristics and determinants of household food security status of respondents were tested. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 80 female headed households using simple random sampling technique from five districts of Mubi north LGA. Analytical tools used were the food security index (FSI) and Binary Logit Regression Analysis. The results showed that majority (57.9%) of the respondents were middle aged, having 1-5 persons in their household and cultivating about 1-3 hectares of land. It further showed that most of the respondents (63.8%) were food insecure. The result further showed that age, household size, educational status, and access to input were significant and therefore regarded as the major determinants of food security in the study area. It also showed that extension service was not significant and thus not a determinant of food security among the respondents. The study concluded that female headed households in the study area were food insecure; it was thus recommended that NGOs, CSOs and other actors should focus more on agricultural activities by providing inputs so as to improve food production and household food security index, furthermore, the result showed that extension service did not influence food security status of respondents, thus, private extension service providers should be established to assist the government in the provision of intensive extension contact/services, this can help to improve food production and subsequent food security status of respondents.