Mucous Discharge Research Articles

The Impact of the Interaction between Intestinal Flora and Intestinal Wall Immune Microenvironment on Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestine with an unknown etiology. The primary clinical manifestations include recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucus and purulent discharge, bloody stools, and tenesmus. Experts generally agree that the onset of this disease is primarily associated with factors such as intestinal flora, dietary composition, genetics, immunity, infections, and systemic inflammation. The intestinal flora constitutes the largest microecological system within the human body, consisting of a vast array of microorganisms that interact dynamically with the immune cells located in the intestinal wall. This interaction is crucial for maintaining a balance with the intestinal mucosa. The intestinal flora plays a significant role in the development of the immune system, sustaining normal immune function, and cooperatively countering the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Alterations in the composition of the intestinal flora can influence the equilibrium between intestinal tolerance and immunity. Research has demonstrated that the disease process in UC patients is closely linked to disturbances in the structure of the intestinal bacterial flora，and symptoms can be significantly alleviated following the transplantation of normal flora. Therefore,Modulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota may serve as an effective strategy for treating ulcerative colitis (UC). This article examines the relationship between intestinal flora and intestinal wall immunity in the context of UC, while also exploring novel approaches for its treatment.

Anesthesia Management of Patients with Esophageal Atresia/Traceoesophageal Fistula undergoing Thoracostomy and Esophagostomy Procedures

Esophageal atresia is a congenital disorder characterized by a disruption in the continuity of the esophageal lumen. Esophageal atresia may be accompanied by tracheoesophageal fistula, which is a lumen connection between the proximal and or distal part of the esophagus and the airway (trachea). Type C atresia is the most prevalent, which is approximately 88.5% to 90% of cases, where there is proximal esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula. In this case, a 9-day-old infant was admitted to Arifin Ahmad Hospital for thoracostomy and esophagostomy surgery due to continuous mucus discharge. The patient underwent awake intubation and was positioned intraoperatively, with a tilt to the right when an orogastric tube was placed. During surgery, the patient maintained stable hemodynamic and was subsequently admitted to the NICU using a ventilator. Infants with esophageal atresia often show symptoms of hypersalivation and shortness of breath caused by aspiration pneumonia. When the nasogastric tube cannot pass through the esophagus, atresia can be suspected. Radiology studies play an important role in diagnosing esophageal atresia, confirming esophageal atresia with or without fistula and diagnosing other anomalies associated with VACTERL.

Erosive Tarsal Conjunctival Lesions Following Immunogenic Events in Early Development of Ocular Graft-vs-Host Disease.

Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) affects more than half of the patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The disease onset and the pathogenesis of oGVHD are not well understood. We hope to identify the triggers and explore the clinical signs and symptoms of oGVHD development at the early stages. The records of post-HSCT patients seen consecutively in a 1-year span in a single provider's clinic were reviewed. The history, symptoms, and clinical findings of the patients with erosive tarsal conjunctival lesions (ETCLs) were analyzed. Out of the 228 patients screened, 19 had clinically witnessed ETCL in at least one eye during the period. Twelve (63%) patients had a never-before-described nodular erosion on the subtarsal conjunctiva; seven (37%) had previously described pseudomembranous erosions. The ocular symptom onset was within 1 month after immunosuppression (IS) taper, vaccination, or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in 16 of the 19 patients. While 16 (84%) patients reported painless mucous discharge, only 9 (47%) reported dryness as the initial symptom. Within 6 months, only 4 (21%) had discharge but 15 (82%) patients endorsed dryness. Subepithelial conjunctival fibrosis followed ETCL immediately in situ. Corneal punctate staining increased with time, while aqueous tear production decreased. The ETCL described is likely one of the earliest detectable findings of oGVHD and triggered by certain immunogenic events. The ocular symptoms of wet mucous discharge should be considered a warning sign for oGVHD onset, particularly when it occurs shortly after prominently immunogenic events.

Erdosteine in the treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory system: resolution of the scientific forum of experts “In the Spotlight”

Airway mucus hypersecretion is a pathophysiologic manifestation of acute and chronic airway inflammatory disease. Mucolytics can reduce mucus viscosity and promote mucus discharge and therefore can be considered pathogenetically based therapy.The purpose of this publication with the resolution of the scientific forum of experts was to discuss pharmacological features, efficacy, and safety of erdosteine.Results. Experts of thescientific forum not only reviewed the results of clinical trials, but also voted on the use of mucoactive drugs according to the principle of Delphi consensus. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of mucoactive drugs (erdosteine, acetylcysteine, carbocysteine, ambroxol) in patients with respiratory diseases by the experts during voting showed that the highest level of agreement among the experts was achieved for the drug Elmucin® (erdosteine) in terms of its mucolytic activity and other pharmacological features, as well as when discussing the safety of the compared drugs in the officially recommended doses. The highest level of agreement was also noted on the erdosteine efficacy in COPD patients in reducing the frequency and duration of disease exacerbations, as well as reducing the risk of hospitalization of COPD patients when used long-term as part of combination therapy. The demonstrated safety profile was the most beneficial among the reviewed mucoactive drugs.Conclusion. Elmucin® is a mucolytic with pleiotropic effects such as complex mucoactive action, potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity with anti-adhesive effect for pathogens that determine its clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute and chronic airway diseases.

Vermiwash: An effective nutritive blessing to crops

Under alarming situation of poor soil health, reduction in produce, increase in incidences of pest and disease and environmental pollution due to the application of chemical fertilizers over a period, it is necessary to look for alternatives which are effective and eco-friendly for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is very important to seek alternative as a supplement for chemical fertilizers. To cope with these problems, vermiwash can play an important role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system. A review was conducted on vermiwash to assess the characteristics, potentiality to use and ultimately beneficial effects in sustainable agriculture. Vermiwash is coelomic fluid extraction contains significant quantities of nutrients, a large beneficial microbial population, biologically active metabolites particularly gibberellins, cytokinins, auxins and group B vitamins which can be applied alone or in combination with organic or inorganic fertilizers, so as to get better yield and quality of diverse crops. Evidences proved that qualities of vermiwash depend on the used organic bed producing vermicompost. Vermiwash can serve as a valuable foliar spray, because it is a combination of earthworm mucous discharges, nutrients, microorganisms and plant growth promoting materials composed of excretory products and mucus secretions from earthworms and micronutrients from the organic molecules in the soil. These nutrients are absorbed and then transported to the leaves, shoots, and other parts of a plant. Application of vermiwash improves plant health, yield and nutritional quality. Vermiwash proves to be an effective fertilizer which contributes the growth of plants when sprayed directly as well as mixed with a definite ratio of vermicompost. It was also observed that the plants treated with vermiwash were disease resistant and no any worms like leaf eaters were seen on the leaves and other parts of plants. Vermiwash can be used as a substituent of commercial fertilizers available in the market. Vermiwash acts not only as a liquid organic fertilizer but also act as mild biocide. It can be used as an effective input in organic agriculture for both soil health and disease management for sustainable crop production with low cost which could be ensure food security. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(1): 21-40, 2024

FP8.8 - LumenEye XI rigid digital rectoscope in the assessment of anorectal symptoms: a sustainable substitute for outpatient flexible sigmoidoscopy?

Abstract Aims To evaluate the acceptability, safety and diagnostic yield of the LumenEye XI in the assessment of anorectal symptoms. Methods Consecutive patients with anorectal symptoms, referred to the colorectal unit by their general practitioner, had a full clinical assessment followed by endoscopic examination using the LumenEye XI by a consultant colorectal surgeon. Results 59 consecutive patients,16 being male, were examined. The median age was 59 years (range 27-90). The main reported presenting complaints were rectal bleeding (n = 18, 21.4%), proctalgia (n = 10, 15.5 %), faecal incontinence (n=12, 14.3%), obstructive defaecation (n=7, 8.3%), anorectal swelling (n = 7, 8.3%), and mucous discharge (n = 2, 2.4%). The main findings were haemorrhoids (n= 18, 22.5%), rectal prolapse and rectocoele (n=14, 17.5%), and inflammatory conditions (proctitis, anal fistula, pouchitis) (n=4, 5%). One patient was diagnosed with rectal cancer. 19 patients (23.75%) had normal findings. 13 patients (22%) were referred for further investigations. Out of the 18 patients with rectal bleeding, 16 had a definitive diagnosis made with LumenEye. The diagnoses in patients with rectal bleeding were haemorrhoids (n=15, 53.6%), inflammation (n=4, 14.3%), prolapse (n=2, 7.1%), and ulceration (n=1, 3.6%). No cause could be identified in 2 of these patients. The rectosigmoid junction was visualised in all patients who had an intact rectum (57 out of 59 patients). All patients tolerated the procedure well, with no complications. Conclusions LumenEye XI is safe and well accepted by patients with good diagnostic accuracy. It therefore offers a potential solution to helping to relieve the endoscopy burden and enable cost savings by reducing the number of outpatient flexible sigmoidoscopies.

Comparative efficacy of probing with or without intubation, and/or inferior turbinate fracture in simple congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a randomized clinical trial

To compare the success rates of probing with or without monocanalicular intubation, and/or inferior turbinate fracture in resolving simple congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO). A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted on children aged 12–36 months exhibiting symptoms of epiphora and/or mucous discharge along with a positive fluorescein dye disappearance test (DDT). Patients were randomly assigned to one of the following interventions: (1) probing; (2) probing and monocanalicular intubation; (3) probing and inferior turbinate fracture; (4) probing, inferior turbinate fracture, and monocanalicular intubation. Participants were categorized into two age groups (12–24 months and 24–36 months) and assessed for resolution of CNLDO three months post-surgery. Success was defined as the absence of epiphora or mucopurulent discharge and a negative DDT. Among the 201 participants, 51 underwent probing alone, 53 underwent probing with intubation, 47 underwent probing with turbinate fracture, and 50 underwent probing with turbinate fracture and intubation. No significant differences were observed in age, gender, or laterality of the disease between the groups (Ps > 0.05). While there was no significant difference in success rates among interventions in both age groups (Ps > 0.05), patients aged 24–36 months who underwent interventions involving intubation exhibited a significantly higher success rate compared to those without intubation (93.0% vs. 76.2%; P = 0.018). However, this difference was not observed in patients aged 12–24 months (95.7% vs. 92.9%; P = 0.551). Incorporating interventions such as intubation and/or turbinate fracture alongside conventional probing does not significantly alter the success rate of simple CNLDO resolution in children aged 12–24 months. However, older patients (24–36 months) may derive greater benefits from interventions involving intubation.

Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Deteksi Dini Keputihan (Leukhorrea) pada Wanita Usia Subur di Desa Margorejo Pati

Vaginal discharge is one of the reproductive health problems that often arise in adolescents which can be an early symptom of cervical cancer. Vaginal discharge is the discharge of white fluid or mucus that comes out of the genital organs that is not in the form of blood. Vaginal discharge is a complaint that often attacks women and does not know age (Sulistianingsih, 2014). Vaginal discharge is still considered not a serious thing so that in maintaining cleanliness, especially the genetic organs in women, are still lacking. This can be seen from the use of underwear that is not made of cotton. Even though it is possible that vaginal discharge can be caused by underwear made of synthetic fibers (nylon). (Kusmiran, 2019) The World Health Organization (WHO) in Suryandari and Rufaida (2019) stated that almost all women and adolescent girls have experienced vaginal discharge, 60% in adolescents (15-22 years old) and 40% in women (23-45 years old), if left vaginal discharge can cause adverse health effects, one of which is cervical cancer. Meanwhile, according to Wulandari (2015), as many as 75% of women who have experienced vaginal discharge at least 1 time in their lifetime with 50% in adolescents and 25% in women of childbearing age (WUS) out of 95% of cervical cancer cases that occur in women in Indonesia are characterized by vaginal discharge (3, 4). One of the effects of pathological vaginal discharge is cervical cancer. Every year, as many as 8,000 women in Indonesia die from cervical cancer. This means that almost every hour, an Indonesian woman dies because she is gnawed by cervical cancer. Cervical cancer attacks and kills women at the productive age of 20-25 years, but can appear in women at a younger age (5). Lack of proper knowledge and information about the health of the reproductive organs can cause a lack of attention to the health of the reproductive organs in terms of vaginal discharge.

The Use of Daflon Tablets in Treating Hemorrhoids and Alleviating Symptoms

Background: Varicose-like bulging veins that occur in the anus and lower rectum are known as hemorrhoids. Depending on their degree of prolapse, they can cause symptoms such as bleeding, discomfort, mucous discharge, perianal irritation, and burning. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Daflon pills on the treatment of hemorrhoids and their associated symptoms, as well as the duration of hospitalization and the likelihood of recurrence. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was used in this investigation. Patients who had been referred to the surgical clinic of the Madani Hospital in 2021 with hemorrhoid complaints were participants in a random selection process. Participants were separated into control groups (getting non-invasive regular treatments) and the intervention group after being informed and given ethical approval (Receiving Daflon 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks). Patients' symptoms, potential sequelae, and illness recurrence were assessed in both chosen groups at each visit, and data was gathered until the desired sample size was reached. Results: This study was performed on 200 patients who received Daflon 500 mg (intervention, N = 100) or placebo (control, N = 100). The number of visits required to achieve therapeutic goals did not differ statistically significantly between the intervention and control groups (P > 0.05). The mean recovery time was 56.5 ± 12.53 days for the intervention group and 61.04 ± 13.63 days for the control group, which is considered statistically significant (P < 0.05). A total of 56 patients (28.0%) relapsed and 144 patients (72.0%) recovered. This rate in the intervention group included 78 (78.0%) recovery and 22 (22.0%) relapsed and in the control group 66 (66.0%) recovered and 34 (34.0%) relapsed, clinically it suggests that treatment Daflon can prevent relapse of the disease, although the statistical results of this study do not support this hypothesis (P = 0.059). Conclusion: The study's findings demonstrated that Daflon therapy is a superior and more effective treatment option for all grades of hemorrhoids. Moreover, the medication's side effects are manageable, making it a well-tolerated choice.

Role of Inflammatory and Prognostic Markers and Its Outcome Among Patients with Pre and Post-Operative Colorectal Carcinoma

Colorectal carcinoma is a significant health concern, often presenting with symptoms like bleeding per rectum, mucous discharge, tenesmus, altered bowel habits, and weight loss. This study examines the influence of inflammatory and prognostic markers on the outcomes of patients undergoing per and post-operative treatment for colorectal carcinoma. Objective: To evaluate the role of inflammatory and prognostic markers on the outcomes of patients with per and post-operative colorectal carcinoma. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 112 patients aged 20-60 years, of either gender, with symptoms such as bleeding per rectum, mucous discharge, tenesmus, altered bowel habits, and weight loss for ≥1 month, diagnosed with colorectal cancer regardless of stage and grade. Results: The mean age of the patients was 45.16 ± 10.52 years, with 51.8% males and 48.2% females. Common symptoms included abdominal pain, per rectal bleeding, and weight loss, with 89.3% presenting with anemia. Tumors were located in the colon (84.8%) and rectum (28.6%). Pre-operative markers showed elevated WBC in 59.8%, CRP in 87.5%, decreased serum albumin in 77.7%, raised ESR in 61.6%, ferritin in 65.2%, and LDH in 60.7%. Post-operative markers indicated elevated WBC in 92.9%, CRP in 94.6%, decreased serum albumin in 82.1%, raised ESR in 68.8%, ferritin in 69.6%, and LDH in 73.2%. Complications included wound infection, pneumonia, sepsis, and prolonged hospital stays, with a mortality rate of 3.6%. Conclusions: Serum inflammatory markers significantly influence prognoses and predict adverse outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for colorectal carcinoma.

Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Perirectal Sclerotherapy with 50% Dextrose Injection as a Primary Surgical Procedure for Rectal Prolapse in Pediatric Patients: A Clinical Trial

Background: Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum protrudes through the anus. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of perirectal sclerotherapy using a 50% dextrose injection as a primary surgical procedure for rectal prolapse in children under 14 years of age. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and advantages of perirectal sclerotherapy using a 50% dextrose injection as a primary surgical procedure for rectal prolapse in pediatric patients. Methods: This clinical trial involved 40 patients diagnosed with rectal prolapse, who were treated with perirectal sclerosant (dextrose 50%) injection. All patients had grade III or grade IV rectal prolapse. Three injections of 50% dextrose were administered into the area around the anus and the submucosa, 2 - 3 cm above the dentate line, while the patient was in the lithotomy position. Injections were given at the 3, 6, and 9 o'clock positions around the anus (1 cc/kg at the 6 o'clock position and 0.5 cc/kg at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions). The patients were followed up for recurrence and complications at three-month and six-month intervals, respectively. Results: The patients had an average age of 5.62 years, with the majority being male (77.5%). The average time between symptom onset and sclerotherapy administration was 6.60 ± 1.73 months. Five patients experienced edema around the anus and injection site on the first day of observation. At the second examination (one week later), only one patient had cellulitis. At the three-month visit, eight patients exhibited symptoms of rectal mucus discharge, which were considered mid-term complications. In the final examination at six months, four patients experienced prolapse recurrences. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that perirectal sclerotherapy using a 50% dextrose injection is an effective primary surgical procedure for rectal prolapse in children under 14 years of age. The treatment is simple, inexpensive, and associated with minimal risk of complications and short recovery times compared to open surgery.

Early Detection and Management of Lamanema chavezi infection in a llama (Lama glama) in Switzerland

Lamanema chavezi is an entero-hepatic strongylid parasite specific to South American camelids. It has been reported only on few occasions outside South America. Due to its hepatic migration, it can cause extensive liver damage, leading to granulomatous and fibrotic hepatitis and manifesting with lethargy, anorexia, and even death. We are reporting the second case of L. chavezi infection in Europe and the first in Switzerland. The patient was a three-year old neutered male llama (Lama glama). Clinical examination revealed bloody mucous discharge from the anus. Fecal sedimentation/flotation revealed strongylid eggs consistent with L. chavezi, which were molecularly confirmed by a PCR targeting the ITS2 plus 5.8S and 28S rDNA flanking regions and amplicon sequencing. Eighteen weeks after administration of a single dose of eprinomectin (0.2 mg/kg i.m.), no further L. chavezi eggs were detected in the feces. The source of infection could not be traced back. The entire herd consisted of llamas bred in Switzerland. L. chavezi has been rarely reported outside South America, but its potential for pathogenicity and establishment should not be underestimated. Fecal sedimentation/flotation techniques should be routinely performed to ensure early detection of the parasite.

A Comparative Study Between Open Hemorrhoidectomy and Rubber Band Ligation for Second Degree Hemorrhoids: A Prospective Randomized Control Study

Background: The symptoms of hemorrhoids has a wide spectrum that ranges from bleeding per rectum, itching, prolapse of the hemorrhoidal cushions, thrombosis leading to pain and discomfort, incontinence especially of fluids and mucous discharge. But for surgical management, hemorrhoidectomy is more sustainable in symptom control and has been considered as gold standard. Rubber band ligation has been the most popular amongst non-surgical interventions because of its effectiveness, minimal complication rate and shorter recover period compared to operative procedures. The present study aimed at determining the efficacy and safety of rubber banding ligation procedure versus the standard hemorrhoidectomy for second degree hemorrhoids. Methods: A prospective randomised comparative study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Indira Gandhi Medical College Hospital, Puducherry for 18 months after getting institutional ethical committee clearance. A total no. of 74 cases of 2nd degree hemorrhoids were divided into two groups A (open hemorrhoidectomy) and B (banding) by simple randomization technique of 37 each. A detailed history & examination including per rectal and Proctoscopy examination was done of each patient and the data entered in the pro forma. The description of data was expressed in the form of mean±SD for quantitative data, while frequency and proportion for qualitative data. Results: Totally male patients represented 57% compared to female with 43% 78% of the patients who underwent banding did not have any immediate post-operative complications while only 4 persons reported pain and bleeding post-operatively compared to 12 patients reporting bleeding and 11 patients reporting pain after hemorrhoidectomy. The duration of hospital stay post procedures was found to be lesser in banding group compared to hemorrhoidectomy group with p value being statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: Rubber band ligation is very simple, safe, effective outpatient procedure that can be performed for grade II hemorrhoids. It generally requires fewer expertise and instruments. It is found to improve the symptoms of the patients and making them sustain a good quality of life since it has minimal complications.

Reproductive Performance of Estrus Pattern in Bachaur Cows of Bihar

Background: The Bachaur is a medium sized draft purpose breed mostly present in Madhubani, Darbhanga and Sitamarhi districts of Bihar and presently the breed is at the verge of extinction. Since no data is presently available regarding the estrus pattern in these cows therefore, present study was designed to document the oestrus intensity, estrus cycle length, estrus behaviour and duration of estrus in these animals. Methods: The total of nine healthy breeding Bachaur cows aged 3 to 5 years were maintained under identical managemental conditions.The estrous cycles of nine animals was synchronized using Cloprostenol Sodium @ 500 mg I/M (Pragma®, Intas, India) in cycling Bachaur cows. Estrus was detected in the morning and evening for external signs of estrus, estrus behavior, intensity of estrus, estrus duration and estrous cycle length. Result: In the present study, mounting or mounted by other animals was observed in more than 70% and sniffing, tried to lick and Flehmen’s reaction was observed in about 66.67% of treated cows. The other parameters like bellowing, restlessness, milk yield reduction, frequent micturition and Flehmen’s reaction were recorded in 44.44%, 55.56%, 44.44%, 55.56% and 66.67%, of animals, respectively. The most appreciable physical sign of estrus recorded was intense swelling of vulva (in 88.89%) however hyperaemia of vulva, copious estrual mucous discharge, pronounced tonicity of uterus, completely dilated os cervix and presence of large palpable follicle on the ovary was observed in 44.44%, 55.56%, 66.67%, 77.78% and 66.67%, of cows respectively.

Breeding Management Practices of Jaffarabadi Buffalo in Junagadh District of Gujarat, India

A field study was conducted in Junagadh district of Gujarat to ascertain the breeding management practices followed by Jaffarabadi buffalo owners and data were collected from randomly selected 320 respondents through personal interview with the help of structured interview schedule. The present study revealed that all the respondents detected heat in their buffaloes by behavioral signs. Majority (55.62%) of the buffalo owners observed mucus discharge as the symptoms of oestrus and bred their buffaloes by artificial insemination (65.62%) between 12-18 hours after heat detection (77.19%). Majority (73.12%) of respondents bred their buffaloes after 3 to 5 months of calving and only 20.93 percent respondents followed the pregnancy diagnosis during the three months of pregnancy. About 97.50 and 96.88 percent of the respondents treated their buffaloes for anestrous/repeaters and ROP/Prolapse, respectively. About 32.81 percent of the respondents kept the breeding records of the buffaloes. Majority (75.62%) of respondents preferred pure breeding of their Jaffarabadi buffaloes.

Конъюнктивиты при использовании глазного протеза. Профилактика и выбор эффективной терапии

Purpose. To determine the causes of inflammatory processes when using ocular prostheses, to develop recommendations for prevention and treatment of inflammation and contraction of the conjunctival cavity in rehabilitation of persons using ocular prostheses. Methods. We have analyzed treatment effectiveness in 62 adult patients: 26 men and 36 women, aged 18–92 years, who applied for ocular prosthetic care in 2023. Operations preceding prosthetics were performed in different medical institutions. The period after surgery ranged from 6 months to 69 years. The time elapsed after the last prosthetics was from 2 months to 69 years. Resultsand discussion. All the patients underwent routine ophthalmic examination. Prosthetics was performed depending on the duration of prosthesis use, the condition of its surface and the correspondence between the shape of the prosthesis and the cavity: selection and adaptation of a standard ocular prosthesis (12 patients); repair of the prosthesis – grinding and polishing (14 patients); manufacturing of an individual ocular prosthesis according to the shape of the cavity, taking into account all the parameters of the paired eye (36 patients). Depending on the conjunctival cavity condition, drug therapy was prescribed. To objectify the assessment of treatment results, all the patients filled out questionnaires, where satisfaction with the comfort of wearing a prosthesis and their own appearance was recorded on a 5-point scale. Three weeks after the end of treatment, the administrator and the doctor called all the patients to clarify the need for correction of the prosthesis shape and medical treatment. Conclusions. The patient is satisfied with the prosthetics when the prosthesis looks like an eye and the patient does not feel discomfort when using the prosthesis. It is possible to achieve an optimal result if the prosthesis corresponds to the appearance of the paired eye, its shape fills and repeats the conjunctival cavity, the prosthesis has a smooth surface. The discrepancy between size and shape of the prosthesis and size and configuration of the cavity, sharp edges of the prosthesis, irregularities and roughness of its surface cause inflammation of the cavity, which is accompanied by an increase of mucous discharge and infection. Appointment of antibacterial or any other drug therapy without restoring smoothness of the prosthesis gives a temporary effect and promotes selection of resistant microorganisms. An ocular prosthesis in 1 year of use loses smoothness of its surface. With the observance of conjunctival cavity hygiene and careful attitude to the prosthesis – regular (1 time per year) repair of a plastic prosthesis, it is possible to extend the period of use of a plastic prosthesis to 4–5 years without complications and inconveniences. Key words: ocular prosthesis; conjunctivitis; anophthalmos; microphthalmos; subatrophy; preventive repair; timely prosthesis replacement.

3D mask based lung function monitoring system using machine learning for early identification of lung disorders

AbstractEarly identification of illness can aid in lowering the death rate related to lung illnesses. Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis are all chronic respiratory illnesses that cause irritation and oedema of the airway due to increased mucus discharge. Monitoring the asthmatic patient's physiological state is vital to avoiding dangerous circumstances. This study offers a regular lung function monitoring system that employs Machine Learning (ML) approach to aids in the prompt detection of symptoms of illness and the prevention of significant epidemics of the lung condition. A collection of sensors are coupled to the microcontroller in a 3D mask created using 3D printing technology. When a person wearing a face mask breathes in and out, the sensor values are instantly retrieved. The sensor data is sent to the cloud via a Wi‐Fi module for additional evaluation, and categorisation is performed using genetic algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The GA, SWM, and PCA algorithms identify lung sickness using data from sensors obtained from the 3D masks through the web interface. There were 250 participants in total, comprising persons from all ages, smoker and those who do not smoke as well as asthmatics. The classifiers are trained utilising a set of pretrained values obtained from freely accessible datasets. Furthermore, patients are alerted when physiological indicators deviate from normal and when favourable atmospheric circumstances change.

Pathogenicity studies and molecular characterization of DPV infection in ducklings

In the spring of 2023, 10 to 21-day-old chicks in a broiler duck farm in Shandong Province, China, developed swelling of the head and neck, moist eyes with mucous discharge, difficulty in walking, shrinking of the neck, and loose and disorganized coat. Anatomical observation revealed hemorrhages in the esophageal mucosa, myocardium, and liver, and severe hemorrhages in the trachea with copious inflammatory secretions. Soon after, similar symptoms appeared in a large number of ducks in the flock, which eventually led to the elimination of all the 20,000-odd newly introduced ducklings on the farm, resulting in huge economic losses. We detected duck plague virus in the tissues of liver, spleen and lungs of diseased and dead ducks, and successfully isolated the pathogenic strain, named SD423, by inoculating duck embryos and inoculating duck embryo fibroblasts. We successfully conducted animal regression experiments with the isolated strain, and the experimental animals in the 1 d of age group showed symptoms of swollen eyes and tearing, shrinking of the neck, crouching, and hemorrhage in organs such as the liver and intestines successively from the 3rd d. We sequenced the whole genome of the isolated duck plague strain, and by comparing the homology with the published duck plague virus whole sequences in Genbank, the virus strain obtained in this study had the highest homology with the Chinese virulent strain SD (MN518864.1), with nucleotide (nt) homology of about 99.90% and amino acid (aa) homology of about 99.75%, which indicated that the isolate is a virulent strain. Previously, it was reported that the natural infection of duck plague virus mainly occurs above 30 d of age, but the duck plague virus found in this study can naturally infect ducklings up to 20 d of age, and the mortality rate is as high as 100%. In this study, the pathogenicity test and whole genome sequence analysis of this isolate provided data support and theoretical basis for further research on pathogenicity and virulence-related gene analysis of duck plague virus.

Sacrococcygeal Tumor – A Rare Case Report

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital tumor primarily affecting infants, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 35,000 live births. These tumors, often detected either prenatally or shortly after birth, originate from germ cells and typically occur at the base of the coccyx. Despite their benign nature, SCTs can pose significant risks to fetal and maternal health, necessitating careful management and monitoring. A 32-year-old primiparous woman presented to Siak Regional Hospital at 36 weeks of gestation with complaints of uterine contractions and bloody mucus discharge from the birth canal. A physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the uterine fundus and pubic symphysis. Ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a fetal SCT with a solid mass measuring 6.2 x 8.1 x 7.3 cm in the sacral region, and a cesarean section was performed. The infant, a baby girl, was born with a birth weight of 2150 grams and an Apgar score of 3/4. Congenital abnormalities were observed in the form of a solid mass around the sacrum, indicative of SCT. SCT poses challenges in prenatal diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and improve therapeutic strategies for this rare congenital anomaly. SCT is a rare congenital anomaly that requires early diagnosis. Thorough examination with ultrasonography is essential to rule out other congenital anomaly, and predict prognosis.

MYCOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CYSTIC CONTENT IN PATIENTS WITH POLYMICROCYSTIC CHANGES OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS MUCOSA

The prevalence of mycotic infections of the paranasal sinuses is constantly increasing worldwide. Pathogens can enter the sinuses through the respiratory tract that leads to the colonization of microorganisms in both the lungs and paranasal sinuses as part of the normal microflora. The presence of filamentous fungi in the maxillary sinus may result from endodontic treatment of molars directly adjacent to the sinus, increasing the risk of fungal foci development. Fungal paranasal sinusitis manifests in invasive or non-invasive forms. While mycological culture remains the traditional gold standard for mycosis diagnosis, its sensitivity is reportedly low. Paranasal sinus cysts comprise 4-8% of general ENT pathologies and approximately 4-16% of chronic paranasal sinus diseases, with a predominant presence in the maxillary sinus. Factors that contribute to the development of sinusitis and create favorable conditions for fungal spore adhesion and growth include impaired ventilation and transport function of the sinus mucosa, inadequate use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs and steroid therapy, as well as household factors. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cases of multiple small cysts in maxillary sinuses. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic incidental findings to varying degrees of discomfort and/or pain localized in the maxillary sinus area. The aim of this study is to identify the involvement of a fungal agent and to develop a set of therapeutic and prophylactic measures for polymicrocystic changes in the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. The study enrolled 37 patients aged 18 to 65 years. Atypical cystic content was collected and cultured in Sabouraud's nutrient broth and Amies transport medium at 35-37°C for 5-7 days, with final measurements on day 21. Treatment involved a 14-day regimen of itraconazole (100 mg once daily) alongside topical miramistin (0.01% solution, 2 ml) sinus injections. The findings obtained demonstrate the following: positive fungal growth was observed in 26 cases (70.3%), predominantly Penicillium (48.6%) and Aspergillus (21.6%). Absence of growth was noted in 11 cases (29.7%). Follow-up examinations in 6 months and in a year revealed no crusts in the nasal cavity, moderate mucous discharge in the sinuses, and no polymicrocystic changes. Conclusion. The analysis has demonstrated the involvement of fungal flora in the development and recurrence of cystic changes in the maxillary sinus mucosa, advocating for mycological examination alongside bacteriological analysis. Itraconazole for systemic therapy and miramistin for topical therapy demonstrate efficacy in treatment and recurrence prevention.