MP4 File Research Articles

Comparison between intraoral scanning and direct visual analysis for the assessment of developmental defects of enamel

ObjectiveTo compare direct visual analysis (DVA) and intraoral scanning (IOS) for the assessment of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE). MethodsThirty-nine extracted permanent human teeth with DDE were selected by an experienced examiner and digitised using IOS. The scanning was recorded using the OBS Studio software parallel to the IOS software to obtain a coloured high-definition MP4 file of the process. Two other experienced, blinded, and calibrated examiners randomly analysed the same teeth through DVA and IOS. A third examiner resolved any disagreements between the two examiners. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the frequencies of the scores. Cohen's kappa test was used to determine whether the DVA scores were different from those assigned using IOS. Spearman's test was used to verify non-random examiner errors. The Chi-square test was used to compare score frequencies. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. ResultsScores indicating more severe and extended DDE (p <0.05) were more frequently assigned with IOS than with DVA (IOS: 25.64%, 25.64%, 38.46%, and 35.90% between one-third to two-third of the lingual, occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces, respectively; vs. DVA: 10.26%, 7.69%, 15.38%, and 10.26% for the respective aforementioned tooth surfaces). Contrarily, ‘no visible enamel defect’ was significantly less assigned for IOS than for DVA (IOS: 15.38%, 43.59%, 35.90%, 15.38%, and 17.95% for buccal, lingual, occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces, respectively; vs. DVA: 38.46%, 66.67%, 56.41%, 51.28%, and 43.59% for the respective aforementioned tooth surfaces). Kappa agreement ranged from fair to moderate when comparing DVA and IOS; the correlation between both methods was positive, indicating that the examiners assigned the scores properly and the differences arose from employing different methods. ConclusionThe assessment of DDE differed depending on the method used. IOS scores indicated more severe and extended DDE than DVA scores. Clinical investigation is the next step in validating the use of IOS for DDE diagnosis. Clinical SignificanceThis study showed that DDE can be assessed differently using IOS. It is clinically relevant as it directly affects the determination of the severity of the defect and dental treatment planning.

The Significance of Metadata and Video Compression for Investigating Video Files on Social Media Forensic

Digital forensics is an essential aspect of cyber security and the investigation of digital crimes. Digital recordings are routinely used as important evidence sources in the identification, analysis, presentation, and reporting of evidence. There has recently been concern that images and videos cannot be used as solid evidence since they may be altered very quickly due to the abundance of technologies available for the gathering and processing of multimedia data. The main goal of this endeavour is to comprehend advanced forensic video analysis methods to assist in criminal investigations. We first propose the acquisition extraction analysis in a forensic video analysis framework that employs efficient video and image enhancement techniques for low-quality video that would be transferred through social media applications and for CCTV footage analysis. The reliability of digital video recordings is essential in forensic science and other criminal investigation fields. Digital video forensic analysis is a technique that constantly faces new challenges. Currently, videos are authenticated using a variety of parameters, including pixel-based analysis, frame rate analysis, bit rate analysis, hash value analysis, and, most importantly, metadata analysis. It was believed that the development of technology required the development of a new method for the verification of digital video recordings. In this review study, we made a novel attempt by reviewing the media. Information and structural analysis of video containers in the MP4 file format have been used to distinguish between real and altered videos.

Evaluating digital video transcoding for forensic derivative results

Video data received for analysis often come in a variety of file formats and compression schemes. These data are often transcoded to a consistent file format for forensic examination and/or ingesting into a video analytic system. The file format often requested is an MP4 file format. The MP4 file format is a very common and a universally accepted file format. The practical application of this transcoding process, across the analytical community, has generated differences in video quality. This study sought to explore possible origins of the differences and assist the practitioner by defining minimum recommendations to ensure that quality of the video data is maintained through the transcoding process. This study sought to generate real world data by asking participants to transcode provided video files to an MP4 file format using programs they would typically utilize to perform this task. The transcoded results were evaluated based on measurable metrics of quality. As the results were analyzed, determining why these differences might have occurred became less about a particular software application and more about the settings employed by the practitioner or of the capabilities of the program. This study supports the need for any video examiner who is transcoding video data to be cognizant of the settings utilized by the programs employed for transcoding video data, as loss of video quality can affect analytics as well as further analysis.

Efficient feature extraction methodologies for unknown MP4-Malware detection using Machine learning algorithms

We are living in an era in which daily interaction between individuals and businesses involves sending, uploading, and sharing videos as a means of communication and advertising. However, many users are unaware of the risks associated with opening a malicious video file, it is thus no surprise that cyber-criminals have taken advantage of this situation and adopted this attack vector in recent years. MP4 is one of the most commonly used video formats, and its properties make it well-suited for software vulnerability exploitation across multiple platforms, which can ultimately lead to a cyberattack. Due to their deterministic, signature-based technique, antivirus software solutions are limited in their ability to detect unknown malware, let alone zero-day attacks. Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been effective in detecting known and unknown malware across various file formats, domains, and platforms. ML algorithms’ performance relies heavily on the feature extraction methodology. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no designated and specialized feature extraction methodology for MP4 files which generates a set of features for the task of unknown MP4 file malware detection. In this paper, we present three innovative and efficient feature extraction methodologies for unknown MP4 file malware detection. Two of them are file structure-based and one is knowledge-based. The methodologies are evaluated in a series of five experiments using six ML algorithms and 177 different datasets which represent different configurations of feature extraction, representation, and selection. The datasets are based on a representative collection of 6,229 files − 5,066 benign (∼81.3 %) files and 1,163 malicious files (∼18.7 %). The first three experiments demonstrate the methodologies’ discrimination and generalization capabilities across multiple configurations, in terms of known and unknown MP4 file malware detection. The fourth experiment shows that applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the features suggested by the methodologies can improve time and space complexity and feature resilience while maintaining strong detection and generalization capabilities. In the fifth experiment, the methodologies’ best performing configuration is compared to state-of-the-art, generic feature extraction methodologies, such as n-grams, MinHash, and representation and transfer learning (using a CNN), in the task of unknown MP4 file malware detection. The results show that our best performing configuration outperforms all other state-of-the-art feature extraction methodologies with an AUC, TPR, and FPR of 0.9951, 0.976, and 0.0 respectively.

PERANCANGAN ANIMASI 3D TAMAN WISATA BINJAI PARK DESA JIRAK KABUPATEN SAMBAS

3D (three-dimensional) animation is now familiar to most people. The use of 3-dimensional animation is now also increasingly common in filmmaking, advertising, and even as a medium of designing objects and buildings. The purpose of this research was to design and create a 3-dimensional garden animation video that can be used as visualizing objects that appear more real and close to their original form, in the design and creation of this animation researchers use the MDLC (Multimedia Deveploment Life Cycle) method, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. After that, the process of modeling objects with modeling techniques used, namely primitive modeling and Polygonal Modeling then entered the environment, texture, animating camera operation to the rendering stage using the Blender application, then into pieces of 3-dimensional animated video. After the process is complete, the process of combining videos that have been made in the Blender application and the addition of text and audio using Adobe Premiere Pro cc software. The last stage is the final rendering process that produces a 3-dimensional animation video of the park as a whole in the .mp4 file format with a video duration of 4 minutes

Energy-based linear PCM audio recovery method of impaired MP4 file stored in dashboard camera memory

Sounds recorded by a dashboard camera presents essential evidence on a vehicle's driving condition for analyzing car accidents. In reality, when a direct impact of a vehicle equipped with a dashboard camera occurs, the power supply to the dashboard camera is abruptly terminated, and the digital video being recorded at that time may be incompletely stored; thus, there is no information such as the location or size to be read for the image and audio decoding. In this paper, we propose a method for recovering the linear pulse code modulation (PCM) audio from the impaired MP4 file partially stored in a video event data recorder (VEDR), known as a dashboard camera, during road vehicle accidents. This method is based on the principle of extracting an actual audio signal using the energy of each frame in the pseudo audio, which is generated from all data in the “mdat” area of the impaired MP4 file. For performance evaluation, the various video files with linear PCM audio format in the MP4 container were obtained through the different dashboard cameras. As the objective evaluation, we measured the audio recovery ratio, distance based on dynamic time warping (DTW) and comparison of the waveform and spectrogram. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method was evaluated using the multiple stimuli with a hidden reference and anchor (MUSHRA) test as the subjective assessment. As a result, it is shown from the evaluation that the proposed method can recover significantly better the linear PCM audio signal than the conventional methods from an impaired MP4 file.

Video Source Identification from MP4 Data Based on Field Values in Atom/Box Attributes

Identifying the source of a video recording created by a camera or smartphone has been a common and challenging task in media forensics for many years. We present an approach for source identification on the very common MP4 file format. In extension to related works, we propose to consider the suitability of attribute field values and their respective order in the atom/box tree in a specific manner. The significance of a field attribute and its particular value for source identification will be reflected by means of up and down weighting during the training and the matching process. Experimental result indicate that our approach allows distinguishing major brands. Even device identification is possible for a subset of our training data.

AUTHENTICATION OF MP4 FILE BY PERCEPTUAL HASH AND DATA HIDING

With advances in multimedia signal processing and abundance of data, multimedia authentication becomes more and more challenging and demanding. Although many prior techniques were put forward to authenticate individual video or audio stream, the cross-layer authentication of audio-visual content as a whole remains unexplored. In this work, an authentication system of the dominant audio-visual content file format (MP4) is presented. Specifically, the perceptual hashes of I-frames from video stream are encrypted and embedded into the audio stream, and the audio hash vector is encrypted and embedded in the synchronization information, i.e., stts box, in the MP4 file. The proposed system is implemented and tested on various videos downloaded from YouTube. Results show that the proposed system can authenticate MP4 files correctly without degrading the video quality while being able to provide indication of tampering.

Encryption Video Using NTRU and Chaotic Algorithms

The rapid development of most multimedia technologies led to the creation and transmission of much of this type of data in various fields, including medical, military and commercial, which contain sensitive information that can only be accessed by the competent authorities. Because of this, privacy has become vital. Many encryption algorithms have been used to provide security for video transmission. In this paper, NTRU and chaotic algorithms are used for video encryption, which includes sensitive information. The system is designed to encode AVI, WMV, MOV, MP4 and other video file formats. This type of video is encrypted using the NTRU algorithm and decrypted using chaotic algorithm to ensure a high level of strength and security, thus speeding up the encryption process and returning the video to its original location without losing any data. Visual Basic .net 2015 was used to implement this system.

Drawing the Language of Dance

May 01 2018 Drawing the Language of Dance Jan Rae Jan Rae Jan Rae is a visual artist, tango dancer, performer, and teacher who represented Australia in the 2007 World Tango Championships in Buenos Aires. Her drawings and paintings have been exhibited in galleries and exhibitions in Australia, the UK, New York, and Argentina. Her current body of work, Drawing the Language of Dance, seeks to combine the two creative aspects of her life—dance and visual art. She lives in Byron Bay, Australia Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Jan Rae Jan Rae is a visual artist, tango dancer, performer, and teacher who represented Australia in the 2007 World Tango Championships in Buenos Aires. Her drawings and paintings have been exhibited in galleries and exhibitions in Australia, the UK, New York, and Argentina. Her current body of work, Drawing the Language of Dance, seeks to combine the two creative aspects of her life—dance and visual art. She lives in Byron Bay, Australia Online Issn: 1537-9477 Print Issn: 1520-281X © 2018 Jan Rae2018Jan Rae PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art (2018) 40 (2 (119)): 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1162/pajj_a_00421 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Jan Rae; Drawing the Language of Dance. PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 2018; 40 (2 (119)): 42–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/pajj_a_00421 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2018 Jan Rae2018Jan Rae Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Supplementary data ONE TANDA (15 mins loop)Performance Drawing (dancers: Jan Rae and Crismen Tache 2016) Black Box UNSW, Sydney, AustraliaI am interested in movement, gesture and sound. As a visual artist and a tango dancer, I am fascinated by the visual nature of the dance and the gestural aspect of mark making. Tango is about connection (connecting with the music, with your partner and to the floor) This video is my way of expressing these connections.music: Arvo Part, Osvaldo Pugliese and Carlos Di Sarli video: Jan RaeAlternate YouTube link: https://youtu.be/GLp1_ZZUDl8- mp4 file DANCING PIECEPerformance Drawing (dancers: Jan Rae and Crismen Tache 2016)Black Box UNSW, Sydney, Australia'dancing with Crismen and drawing with my feet'video: Jan RaeAlternate YouTube link: https://youtu.be/13D5yON5Mcw- mp4 file You do not currently have access to this content.

Mp4 steganography

The MP4 files have become the most used video media file available, and will mostly likely remain at the top for some time to come. This makes MP4 files an interesting candidate for steganography. With its size and structure, it offers a challenge to steganography developers. While some attempts have been made to create a truly covert file, few are as successful as Martin Fiedler's TCSteg. TCSteg allows users to hide a TrueCrypt hidden volume in an MP4 file. The structure of the file makes it difficult to identify that a volume exists. In our analysis of TCSteg, we will show how Fielder's code works and how we may be able to detect the existence of steganography. We will then implement these methods in hope that other steganography analysis can use them to determine if an MP4 file is a carrier file. Finally, we will address the future of MP4 steganography.

Unsettled Artifacts: Technological Speculations from Latin America: Gallery

August 01 2017 Unsettled Artifacts: Technological Speculations from Latin America: Gallery Paula Gaetano Adi, Paula Gaetano Adi Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Gilberto Esparza, Gilberto Esparza Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Marcela Armas, Marcela Armas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Arcángelo Constantini, Arcángelo Constantini Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paul Rosero Contreras, Paul Rosero Contreras Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Hamilton Mestizo, Hamilton Mestizo Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Mariela Yeregui, Mariela Yeregui Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Miguel Grassi, Miguel Grassi Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Gisela Motta, Gisela Motta Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Leandro Lima, Leandro Lima Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Rodolfo Peraza, Rodolfo Peraza Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Christian Oyarzún, Christian Oyarzún Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Nuñez, Nuñez Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Astrovandalistas Astrovandalistas Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Paula Gaetano Adi Gilberto Esparza Marcela Armas Arcángelo Constantini Paul Rosero Contreras Hamilton Mestizo Mariela Yeregui Miguel Grassi Gisela Motta Leandro Lima Rodolfo Peraza Christian Oyarzún Nuñez Astrovandalistas Online Issn: 1530-9282 Print Issn: 0024-094X © 2017 Paula Gaetano Adi2017 Leonardo (2017) 50 (4): 418–437. https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_01461 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Paula Gaetano Adi, Gilberto Esparza, Marcela Armas, Arcángelo Constantini, Paul Rosero Contreras, Hamilton Mestizo, Mariela Yeregui, Miguel Grassi, Gisela Motta, Leandro Lima, Rodolfo Peraza, Christian Oyarzún, Nuñez, Astrovandalistas; Unsettled Artifacts: Technological Speculations from Latin America: Gallery. Leonardo 2017; 50 (4): 418–437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/LEON_a_01461 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsLeonardo Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2017 Paula Gaetano Adi2017 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Supplementary data The Andean Pavilion: Habitat (Tungurahua)Details, graphics, pictures and further documentation on the second expedition of Paul Rosero Contreras’s crew to the active volcano Tungurahua. (© Paul Rosero Contreras / Dos Islas Studio.)- pdf file The Andean Pavilion: A volcanic journeyDetails, graphics, pictures and further documentation on Paul Rosero Contreras’s project. (© Paul Rosero Contreras / Dos Islas Studio.)- pdf file Echolocalizator 2017A user wearing the Echolocalizator. It was fabricated in Manizales, Colombia in 2015 during the annual “Design and Creation” residence, as part of the Image Festival. The helmet is made with 100 percent cow leather and electronics, including ultrasonic sensors, a battery, microcontrollers and headphones. (Image © 2015, Hamilton Mestizo. Model: Teresa Moran. librepensante.org.)- jpeg file Echolocalizator Audio Demo, 2015This binaural soundscape is a recording of the Echolocalizator’s sound output. It was made in real time using Mozzi library to Arduino, which generates algorithmic music. (Sound © Hamilton Mestizo. librepensante.org.)- mp3 file TaxonomyTaxonomy’s show in Centro Cultural Recoleta (Buenos Aires), including the artwork Sisyphean Octopods. (© Grupo de Artes Electrónicas—UNTREF)- mp4 file Sisyphean OctopodsDetail of Sisyphean Octopods, robotic installation. (© Grupo de Artes Electrónicas—UNTREF)- jpeg file Sisyphean OctopodsDetail of Sisyphean Octopods, robotic installation. (© Grupo de Artes Electrónicas—UNTREF)- jpeg file coyarzun:drumCircle[] @12BAM SCL201510Video-register of the installation at the 12th Media Arts Biennial, Santiago, Chile. October 2015. (© Camera: Rodrigo Castro Serrano / Edition: Christian Oyarzún Roa)- mp4 file You do not currently have access to this content.

웹기반 청각장애인용 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템

소리가 잘 들리지 않는 청각장애인은 소리를 표시하는 글자를 익히고 복잡한 개념을 전달하는 글을 이해하는 데 어려움이 많다. 그래서 자연스럽게 표정, 몸짓, 손짓으로 의사를 전달하는 수화가 청각장애인들의 주요 의사소통수단으로 자리잡아왔지만 사회에서는 글과 말이 주요 정보전달 수단으로 이용되고 있어 청각장애인이 정보에 접근하고 지식을 넓혀 직업을 갖는데 큰 어려움이 있다. 특히 근래에 인터넷이 보편화됨에 따라 정상인의 정보 습득량은 크게 늘었지만, 글로 표현된 인터넷을 이해하기 어려운 청각장인들은 인터넷 정보에 접근하는데 어려움이 많다. 본 연구에서는 청각장애인을 위한 수화 웹페이지를 제작할 수 있는 수화 웹페이지 제작시스템을 개발하였다. 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템은 청각장애인용 수화 웹페이지 제작자가 통상적인 인터넷 사용에 필요한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 환경만 갖추면 운영할 수 있도록 웹기반으로 개발하였다. 수화용 웹 페이지 제작자는 게시판 형태의 인터페이스를 이용하여 변역하고자하는 문장을 서버에 전송할 수 있다. 서버는 수신된 문장을 수화로 번역하여 3D 아바타 기반의 수화 그래픽 애니메이션을 랜더링한다. 수화 그래픽 애니메이션은 MP4 형식의 동영상으로 변환되며, 스트리밍 서버의 저장소에 보관된다. 저장된 수화 동영상의 이름과 주소는 수화 웹페이지 제작자가 처음 문장을 입력하였던 게시판에 표시되도록 하여 향후 청각장애인용 웹 페이지를 제작할 때 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 웹페이지 제작자가 공공기관의 웹페이지를 제작할 수 있도록, 이들 기관에서 현재 사용된 글들을 수화로 번역할 때 필요한 수화 단어를 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템의 수화 사전에 추가하였다. 수화 단어를 추가함으로써 웹기반 수화 웹페이지 제작 시스템이 공공부문에 보다 더 많이 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Hearing-impaired people have difficulty in hearing, so it is also hard for them to learn letters that represent sound and text that conveys complex and abstract concepts. Therefore it has been natural choice for the hearing-impaired people to use sign language for communication, which employes facial expression, and hands and body motion. However, the major communication methods in daily life are text and speech, which are big obstacles for the hearing-impaired people to access information, to learn and make intellectual activities, and to get jobs. As delivering information via internet become common the hearing-impaired people are experiencing more difficulty in accessing information since internet represents information mostly in text forms. This intensifies unbalance of information accessibility. This paper reports web-based text-to-sign language translating system that helps web designer to use sign language in web page design. Since the system is web-based, if web designers are equipped with common computing environment for internet browsing, they can use the system. The web-based text-to-sign language system takes the format of bulletin board as user interface. When web designers write paragraphs and post them through the bulletin board to the translating server, the server translates the incoming text to sign language, animates with 3D avatar and records the animation in a MP4 file. The file addresses are fetched by the bulletin board and it enables web designers embed the translated sign language file into their web pages by using HTML5 or Javascript. Also we analyzed text used by web pages of public services, then figured out new words to the translating system, and added to improve translation. This addition is expected to encourage wide and easy acceptance of web pages for hearing-impaired people to public services.

Implementation of Real Time Video Transfer System Based on Android Platform

This paper introduce the H.264 encoding system, mp4 file format, based on which , propose a high efficient real time H.264 encoding system on Android . The system aims at transmitting high quality video under restricted environment. The system largely reduce the transmitted data but still maintain good quality .It can achieve 15fps at 1280P .We design a MFC program which use CAscyncsocket to receive the raw H.264 and use ffmpeg to decode it .You can add RTP or RSTP protocol , then you can use VLC player to decode it . Or you can implement a tiny http sever on Android phone, then you can use your browser to watch the video.

The Research on Hint Technology of MP4 File

The Research on Hint Technology of MP4 File

What ring tone should be used for patient safety? Early results with a Blackberry-based telementoring safety solution

Objective Technology currently exists for the application of remote guidance in the laparoscopic operating suite. However, these solutions are costly and require extensive preparation and reconfiguration of current hardware. We propose a solution from existing technology, to send video of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to the Blackberry Pearl device (RIM Waterloo, ON, Canada) for remote guidance purposes. This technology is time- and cost-efficient, as well as reliable. Methods After identification of the critical maneuver during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the division of the cystic duct, we captured a segment of video before it's transection. Video was captured using the laparoscopic camera input sent via DVI2USB Solo Frame Grabber (Epiphan Ottawa, Canada) to a video recording application on a laptop. Seven- to 40-second video clips were recorded. The video clip was then converted to an .mp4 file and was uploaded to our server and a link was then sent to the consultant via e-mail. The consultant accessed the file via Blackberry for viewing. After reviewing the video, the consultant was able to confidently comment on the operation. Results Approximately 7 to 40 seconds of 10 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were recorded and transferred to the consultant using our method. All 10 video clips were reviewed and deemed adequate for decision making. Conclusion Remote guidance for laparoscopic cholecystectomy with existing technology can be accomplished with relatively low cost and minimal setup. Additional evaluation of our methods will aim to identify reliability, validity, and accuracy. Using our method, other forms of remote guidance may be feasible, such as other laparoscopic procedures, diagnostic ultrasonography, and remote intensive care unit monitoring. In addition, this method of remote guidance may be extended to centers with smaller budgets, allowing ubiquitous use of neighboring consultants and improved safety for our patients.

Epigenetics Online: Multimedia Teaching Resources

The Human Genome Project, declared complete in 2003, elucidated the sequence of our genome. Researchers are now learning that another level of information—the epigenome—controls gene expression in part by controlling access to DNA. The gene-reading machinery is blocked when methyl molecules bind to DNA or histones. Conversely, when acetyl molecules bind to histones, DNA becomes less tightly wound and genes become available for transcription. The pattern of these chemical tags can be copied across cell divisions and may even be passed on to an individual's offspring. However, because acetylation and methylation are driven by cell signals, the epigenome is dynamic, enabling it to respond to the environment. Thus, epigenetic tags in a cell lineage can change over the course of an individual's lifetime, even leading to differences between identical twins. This feature focuses on multimedia resources that can be used in teaching epigenetics at the undergraduate and secondary level; several hands-on activities also are included.

The use of MP4 file format for the delivery of educational resource material to students in the health sciences.

The availability of study reference material delivered by computer has gone through a significant metamorphosis in the 20 years of my experience with development. In the late eighties students did not have ready access to inexpensive, compact laptop machines. The sources were generally found in computer labs in the library, and sometimes in the academic departments. Moreover, the applications were very expensive, and had to be purchased by academic institution. Now, with the advent of compression software, students can download material directly from a variety of websites. These applications are free, or generally very inexpensive. The student has the options of running them from their personal desktop or laptop computer, porting them to a handheld device or viewing them from a television set. On line delivery is a major method of instruction in our school; therefore, I have developed a number of lessons in cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology lessons that the students can download to their MP4 devices. I will be offering a large sample of these lessons for your review, and some tips as to how one can easily convert most computer delivered presentations to portable MP4 files.

Adaptive progressive download based on the MPEG-4 file format

In this paper we describe how progressive download and adaptive streaming can be combined into a simple and efficient streaming framework. Based on the MPEG-4 file format (MP4) we use HTTP for transport and argue that these two components are sufficient for specifying an open streaming architecture. The client selects appropriate chunks from the MP4 file to be transferred based on (1) the header information (i.e. the “moov” box) in the first part of the file and (2) his observation of network throughput. The framework is completely client driven which allows for better server scalability and reduces signalling overhead. We discuss architecture and implementation issues such as complexity, interoperability and scalability and compare to 3GPP PSS Rel-6 adaptive streaming when appropriate. Measurements from a simple MP4/HTTP streaming client are presented showing that appropriate chunks are selected such that increased reliability is achieved.

Java기반의 MPEG-4 시스템 구현

본 논문에서는 무선 랜 기반의 유무선 통합서비스 사업을 위해 동영상 멀티미디어 컨텐츠를 포함한 멀티미디어 메시징 서비스를 제공하기 위해 자바와 자바 3차원 기반의 MPEG-4 표준 규약에 충실한 MPEG-4 시스템 구현에 관한 것이며, 이를 위해 MPEG-4 시스템 구현에 필요한 기술, 유무선 통합 멀티미디어 서비스의 정의, DMIF 구현 및 mp4 파일 파싱 등의 구체적인 MPEG-4 시스템 구현 방법 등을 기술한다. In this paper, an implementation example of Java based MPEG-4 system that follows MPEG-4 standard protocols in order to provide multimedia-messaging service is introduced. The multimedia-messaging service is a wireless LAN based wired and wireless service that delivers multimedia contents including video and audio information. Detailed Methods to develop a MPEG-4 system like technology of MPEG-4 system implementation, definition for wired and wireless multimedia service, DMIF implementation, and mp4 file Parsing are described.