Movement Of People Research Articles

Prevention Behavior and Awareness of COVID-19 Pandemic of People in Thai-Myanmar Border Area, Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand

Due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, affords have been made to block the movement of people and goods. It believed to stop the spread of germs from people and goods in the border area. Nevertheless, the people and goods there do not stand still as specified. This study employed quantitative research to investigate prevention behavior and awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic of people in the Thai-Myanmar border area, Mae Hong Son province, Thailand. A set of questionnaires was used for data collection and administered to a sample group of 406 people living near the border trade relief of Mae Hong Son province. Obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation. Based on behavior and awareness of the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was found that, as a whole, the respondents had the highest level of COVID-19 prevention behavior (x̅ = 4.24). This included the following instructions for public health personnel: social distancing, wearing a hygienic mask, hand washing, and temperature measurement. For the awareness of the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was also found at the highest level (x̅ =4.28). This included all people’s participation, communication within the household/community to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, and strict compliance with the community’s regulations to prevent the disease. The border is a fragile area. There is a chance of transmission of pathogens caused by the movement of people and goods in border areas. The prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic of people in the Thai-Myanmar border area under behavior and awareness of disease prevention. Meanwhile, people worldwide are taking measures to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19.

The impact of stagnation on the microbial quality of constructed water systems after COVID-19 shutdowns.

In response to COVID-19 pandemic, governments all over the world limited the movement of people and mandated temporary closure of different institutions. While, these measures helped to reduce the spread of COVID-19, stagnant water can cause water quality deterioration. Stagnation is considered in context with the proliferation of pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic bacteria which pose potential health risks to humans. The objective of this study was to document the hygienic microbiological status of different water systems after the first shutdowns (between 18th March 2020 and 18th May 2020) in Hungary in comparison with a reference period (between 3rd January 2020 to 17th March). During the reference period drinking waters were compliant > 95% of total samples to the parametric values. After the short period shutdowns, the ratio of tnon-compliant drinking water samples was 6.6%: mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%) and coliform bacteria (5%) resulted poor water quality. The microscopic analysis of drinking waters showed that after low water demand the values of non-compliant samples also increased due to the proliferation of Amoebozoa and other Protozoa species. The compliant pool waters' ratio was also high in the reference period (97-99%), while after the shutdowns more samples were positive in both pool operation type (fill-and-drain pools and pools with recirculation) due to the proliferation of P. aeruginosa (14%) and micrococci (12%). Legionella non-compliant samples in hot tap water did not show significant difference during both studied periods (15%) although after stagnation the Legionella CFU (colony forming unit) values of the samples increased markedly.

Demographic and Sociocultural Characteristics of the Ukrainian Diaspora

The article explores the concepts of diaspora and migration, demonstrating their close interrelation as they describe the movement of people from their traditional places of residence. It is noted that migration involves the permanent or temporary movement of people from one location to another for various reasons, such as wars, economic opportunities, or personal circumstances. The term "diaspora" refers to groups of people living outside their native territory, often preserving their culture, language, and traditions. Migration can lead to the formation of diasporas that impact the cultural and social landscape both in host countries and countries of origin. The Russia-Ukraine war since 2022 has significantly increased the number of Ukrainian migrants and has given rise to a new Ukrainian diaspora. The Ukrainian diaspora is characterized as a powerful social segment with deep cultural, humanitarian, and organizational roots, spread across the globe. Its activities encompass numerous organizations, cultural centers, educational institutions, and non-governmental associations that support the national identity and cultural heritage of Ukrainians. Key coordinating bodies, such as the Ukrainian Canadian Congress, the World Congress of Ukrainians, and the Union of Ukrainian Organizations of Australia, play a crucial role in organizing cultural events, maintaining connections among Ukrainians in various countries, and coordinating humanitarian initiatives. The diaspora is actively involved in cultural and educational activities, organizing schools, cultural centers, and language courses, as well as providing significant humanitarian aid, especially in times of conflict. Social activities of the diaspora include participation in international issues and supporting national ties in new regions such as Montenegro, Japan, Morocco, UAE, and South Africa. As of early 2024, approximately 4.4 million Ukrainian refugees have temporary protection status in the EU, with an additional 380,000 in the UK, Norway, and Switzerland. Globally, there are about 6.5 million refugees, with the European Commission extending temporary protection until March 2025. However, refugee reception conditions in Europe are becoming stricter, driving many towards economic independence. Active volunteer organizations, established before the war, play a key role in supporting newly arrived refugees and assisting their integration into new countries.

Classification of Traffic Signs Using Transfer Learning Methods

Transportation refers to a process based on the movement of people or vehicles from one place to another. Sea routes and roads have existed for centuries. They generally play a very important role in people's daily life, trade and industrial activities. Highway, a mode of transportation, is the first preferred mode of transportation worldwide. However, various signs and rules have been set by the authorities to prevent chaos on the highways. Traffic signs are the most important of these rules. In this study, transfer learning models (VGG16, VGG19, Xception and EfficientNet) are used to classify traffic signs using a state-of-art traffic signs dataset (German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark-GTSDB). Accuracy was used as the classification evaluation criterion. The CNN model designed for the study gave the best result with an accuracy rate of 98% and a model competing with the literature was proposed.

Driving Factors Affecting the Migration of Young Nursing Care Professionals from Pokhara in a Globalized World: A Hospital Ethnography

Due to unfulfilled expectations in local health-care industry, the participating nurses working in private hospitals in Pokhara were willing to migrate abroad where their aspirations could be met. The irritation, worry, and unhappiness with their career were revealed by the focused-group discussion, in-depth interview, and kuragraphy methods utilized in this study among young nurses in Pokhara. Some of the nurses had already registered for overseas studies and jobs while still working in hospitals and awaiting their visas. As globalization has stimulated the movement of people, the concept of globalization in association with neo-classical and new economic theory of migration, transnationalism, neoliberalism and world-systems from an anthropological standpoint has been applied to analyze the reasons of participant nurses to migrate where the study found that the main reasons for them to migrate were low pay, an uncertain future, a lack of career opportunities, job pressure, and the trend of out-migration. These competent nurses desired to work in core nations have considered semi-periphery as a secondary option. Through the stories of young nurses, this study exposes the dire condition in Nepal’s health-care industry which is motivating nurses to relocate in destination countries resulting brain-drain.

Maya Traditional Knowledge of Cnidoscolus spp. in the Yucatán Peninsula

The genus Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) contains some species with socioeconomic and cultural relevance in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. There is little published information on the traditional knowledge of this genus, and the recent movements of younger people to more populated cities and towns risks this knowledge being forgotten. To preserve this knowledge, we wanted to answer the questions: what are the species or varieties of the plant with the generic name chaya that the contemporary Maya population uses in the Yucatan Peninsula, and in which agroecosystems are these species or varieties found? Nine local communities were selected for interviews in which the general population and healers shared their knowledge about the uses and management of Cnidoscolus spp. Through these interviews, we identified eight species or cultivars used by these communities: six cultivars of C. aconitifolius ( chay, makat chay, chay sin espinas, ch’inch’in chay, tsaj, and tsaj/ hoja de papaya), C. multilobus ( tsaj), and C. souzae ( tsaj). Within homegardens chay, makat chay and chay sin espinas are utilized for their feeding, medicinal and fodder value; while ch'inch'in chay and tsaj are utilized for their feeding, medicinal, and living-fence potential. In paddocks, ch’inch’in chay and tsaj are utilized as livestock feed. Tsaj is used for handcrafts, and tsaj/ hoja de papaya possesses spiritual-religious attributes. The feeding, medicinal, fodder, living-fence, spiritual-religious, and handcraft potential of species and cultivars of Cnidoscolus reflect their biocultural importance for Maya inhabiting the peninsula of Yucatan.

Identifying Weekly Trajectories of Pain Severity Using Daily Data From an mHealth Study: Cluster Analysis.

People with chronic pain experience variability in their trajectories of pain severity. Previous studies have explored pain trajectories by clustering sparse data; however, to understand daily pain variability, there is a need to identify clusters of weekly trajectories using daily pain data. Between-week variability can be explored by quantifying the week-to-week movement between these clusters. We propose that future work can use clusters of pain severity in a forecasting model for short-term (eg, daily fluctuations) and longer-term (eg, weekly patterns) variability. Specifically, future work can use clusters of weekly trajectories to predict between-cluster movement and within-cluster variability in pain severity. This study aims to understand clusters of common weekly patterns as a first stage in developing a pain-forecasting model. Data from a population-based mobile health study were used to compile weekly pain trajectories (n=21,919) that were then clustered using a k-medoids algorithm. Sensitivity analyses tested the impact of assumptions related to the ordinal and longitudinal structure of the data. The characteristics of people within clusters were examined, and a transition analysis was conducted to understand the movement of people between consecutive weekly clusters. Four clusters were identified representing trajectories of no or low pain (1714/21,919, 7.82%), mild pain (8246/21,919, 37.62%), moderate pain (8376/21,919, 38.21%), and severe pain (3583/21,919, 16.35%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the 4-cluster solution, and the resulting clusters were similar to those in the main analysis, with at least 85% of the trajectories belonging to the same cluster as in the main analysis. Male participants spent longer (participant mean 7.9, 95% bootstrap CI 6%-9.9%) in the no or low pain cluster than female participants (participant mean 6.5, 95% bootstrap CI 5.7%-7.3%). Younger people (aged 17-24 y) spent longer (participant mean 28.3, 95% bootstrap CI 19.3%-38.5%) in the severe pain cluster than older people (aged 65-86 y; participant mean 9.8, 95% bootstrap CI 7.7%-12.3%). People with fibromyalgia (participant mean 31.5, 95% bootstrap CI 28.5%-34.4%) and neuropathic pain (participant mean 31.1, 95% bootstrap CI 27.3%-34.9%) spent longer in the severe pain cluster than those with other conditions, and people with rheumatoid arthritis spent longer (participant mean 7.8, 95% bootstrap CI 6.1%-9.6%) in the no or low pain cluster than those with other conditions. There were 12,267 pairs of consecutive weeks that contributed to the transition analysis. The empirical percentage remaining in the same cluster across consecutive weeks was 65.96% (8091/12,267). When movement between clusters occurred, the highest percentage of movement was to an adjacent cluster. The clusters of pain severity identified in this study provide a parsimonious description of the weekly experiences of people with chronic pain. These clusters could be used for future study of between-cluster movement and within-cluster variability to develop accurate and stakeholder-informed pain-forecasting tools.

Urban Logistics and Mobility: A Framework Proposal for Sustainable Cities

Objective: This article aims to analyze the challenges and solutions of integrating urban logistics and urban mobility, providing insights and a framework for the development of public policies, business strategies, and future research. Theoretical Framework: The harmony between logistics and urban mobility is essential for the efficient management of cities, given its direct influence on the movement of people and goods. This integration enhances infrastructure, accessibility, social inclusion, and competitiveness while reducing operational costs. With the growth of online commerce and urbanization, it is urgent to seek a fairer and more sustainable mobility model, demanding strategic and collaborative urban planning to ensure smart and efficient cities in the future. Method: The research employed a systematic literature review (SLR) with a predefined search strategy in the Scopus and Transport Research International Documentation (TRID) databases, using specific terms related to urban logistics and mobility. This resulted in the selection of 129 studies from the period 2019-2024. The framework's development involved organizing and categorizing the extracted information. Results and Discussion: The SLR revealed the need for more comprehensive technical studies to improve urban mobility, considering geographical and cultural specificities and the local impact of infrastructure works. The high population density in metropolitan areas has increased traffic and hindered goods deliveries, emphasizing the importance of urban logistics in mitigating congestion and finding sustainable solutions. The integration of urban logistics with cities' development strategies and territorial policies is essential, requiring technological innovations and integrated public policies. Research Implications: The study proposes an integrated framework for urban logistics and mobility management, which includes components of urban planning, technology and information, incentives and public policies, as well as community engagement. It also highlights the need for future research on the impacts of emerging technologies like autonomous vehicles and delivery systems on urban logistics operations. Originality/Value: The article offers a unique perspective on the interdependence between urban logistics and urban mobility, providing a comprehensive analysis and proposing integrated strategies to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and quality of life in modern cities.

Good or Bad Governance for Whom? Governance is a Trojan Horse for Capital Expansion in Pati, Indonesia

Governance as theory and practice, since the end of the 20th century, has been disseminated as the best form of public management. This notion of governance emphasizes reducing state actor authority, and in the name of participation, the voice of the state actor is positioned on par with the voices of private actors and civil society. To support the concept of governance, international organizations and financial institutions (United Nation, World Bank & IMF) promote the principles of "good governance" as the antithesis of "bad governance" which is characterized as corrupt, undemocratic and detrimental to the people. This research challenges governance theory and practice, with a case study of Indocement Ltd (Heidelberg Cement Group) expansion in Central Java, Indonesia. This research uses an ethnographic method, which was carried out in two periods, in 2014-2015 and 2017-2018. The contribution of this research is that instead of being happily accepted by the people, governance and the principles of good governance were actually opposed by the grassroots community in the case of Indocement Ltd's development plan in the Kendeng Mountains, Pati Regency, Central Java. This resistance was motivated by the use of governance and the principles of "good governance" to force the construction of a cement factory. In fighting against these problems, the people's movement advocated democracy from below through a counter-hegemonic movement that involved people, until finally it succeeded in thwarting a project to build a cement factory in their place. For people who reject the cement factory plan, governance is "good" for capital, but "bad" for the environment and people's livelihoods.

Transoceanic pathogen transfer in the age of sail and steam

In the centuries following Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage to the Americas, transoceanic travel opened unprecedented pathways in global pathogen circulation. Yet no biological transfer is a single, discrete event. We use mathematical modeling to quantify historical risk of shipborne pathogen introduction, exploring the respective contributions of journey time, ship size, population susceptibility, transmission intensity, density dependence, and pathogen biology. We contextualize our results using port arrivals data from San Francisco, 1850 to 1852, and from a selection of historically significant voyages, 1492 to 1918. We offer numerical estimates of introduction risk across historically realistic ranges of journey time and ship population size, and show that both steam travel and shipping regimes that involved frequent, large-scale movement of people substantially increased risk of transoceanic pathogen circulation.

Cardiac involvement in Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis.

Trypanosomiases are diseases caused by various species of protozoan parasite in the genus Trypanosoma, each presenting with distinct clinical manifestations and prognoses. Infections can affect multiple organs, with Trypanosoma cruzi predominantly affecting the heart and digestive system, leading to American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease, and Trypanosoma brucei primarily causing a disease of the central nervous system known as human African trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness. In this Review, we discuss the effects of these infections on the heart, with particular emphasis on Chagas disease, which continues to be a leading cause of cardiomyopathy in Latin America. The epidemiology of Chagas disease has changed substantially since 1990 owing to the emigration of over 30 million Latin American citizens, primarily to Europe and the USA. This movement of people has led to the global dissemination of individuals infected with T. cruzi. Therefore, cardiologists worldwide must familiarize themselves with Chagas disease and the severe, chronic manifestation - Chagas cardiomyopathy - because of the expanded prevalence of this disease beyond traditional endemic regions.

From the Perspective of People with Dementia: Using Creative Qualitative Measures to Assess the Values and Opinions on Freedom and Safety among People Living with Dementia.

With the growing numbers of people living in old age, a system that sustains autonomy, dignity and freedom of movement for people living with dementia (PwD) needs to be installed. However, due to the cognitive constraints in the cohort of PwD, traditional qualitative methods of inquiry, such as interviews, are often not a good match. This study aimed to use creative qualitative assessment tools to assess the values and opinions of PwD in nursing homes on freedom and safety. Twenty-two nursing home residents with memory problems participated in this study. Important themes related to freedom and safety were identified using a diverse set of methodologies. Overall, residents had a similar view on 'safety', relating this to having a homely environment where people look out for you, with a good balance between busy and quiet areas and being able to retain cognitive and physical function. Values around freedom were more diverse. Residents who were still capable of logical speech generally voiced a wish for independence, making one's own decisions and wanting to go outside. For residents who no longer spoke, freedom seemed to be experienced more through the connection to other people. These results show that PwD still have distinct personal values concerning freedom and safety, which should be given due consideration in decision-making regarding nursing home policy, thereby potentially improving the quality of life of PwD.

Migration: Concept, Factors, Impacts and Migration in India

Migration is the term used to describe the movement of people from one location to another, usually entailing a change of habitation. This movement can occur between nations (international migration) or within a nation (internal migration). A summary of the idea, contributing causes, effects, and Indian context is provided here. Numerous political, social, economic, and environmental elements all have an impact on the complicated issue of migration. It can happen for a variety of reasons, including the pursuit of better economic opportunities, avoidance violence or harassment, reuniting with family, or responding to environmental triggers like natural catastrophes or climate change. It can also be forced or voluntary, temporary or permanent. In summary, migration is a complex issue that affects people on an individual, societal, and economic level. To effectively manage and exploit migration's possible benefits while reducing its obstacles, policy must take into account the variables that force migration and its effects. India's tendencies in international migration have changed significantly throughout time, motivated by social dynamics, political reasons, and economic opportunities. All things considered, migration from India abroad is a complicated phenomenon that is impacted by domestic ties, global mobility patterns, educational goals, and economic prospects. Migration trends and reasons from India change in tandem with the global environment.

Hunger

SummaryThis piece uses narrative forms from both Black horror and Fantastic literature to grapple with questions of haunting, grief, life in proximity to death, and uneven distributions of access and wealth within global capitalism. The blurring of the lines between the real and the surreal, typical of Fantastic literature, parallels the blurring of the lines between death caused by grief and death caused by the systemic neglect of poor, Black, marginalized folks around the world. As a piece of horror, the narrative deals with both the haunting of the main character by the loss of their sister and the haunting of the ongoing legacies of colonialism manifest as exploitative movements of wealth, resources, and people. While heavily ethnographically informed, this piece also seeks to evoke global theories of water, loss, memory, being, and ancestry. Bringing these common tropes within anthropology into interdisciplinary and transnational, conversations with Black Studies through fiction opens up different ways for anthropology to engage with zombification, both in its use as a critique of capitalist modes of production and in its use as a term for the living dead, or in this case the perpetual living on the edge of death within necropolitical systems.

СТРУКТУРНАЯ СХЕМА СИСТЕМЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭВАКУАЦИЕЙ

In an emergency, such as a fire or a terrorist attack, an important aspect is the safe evacuation of people. The unpredictability of the situation makes the task of emergency evacuation one of the main problems. The development of artificial intelligence technologies opens up possible promising ways of developing evacuation management systems. An intelligent evacuation management system can help track the movement and coordinates of people and related critical factors during the evacuation process (for example, slowing down traffic along the paths, blocking the paths, etc.). The study is devoted to the construction of a decision support system for the evacuation of people from buildings based on the results of modeling the development of a fire, intelligent forecasting of the evacuation time in the conditions of the current situation during a fire. The system allows dynamically forming optimal evacuation routes in a changing situation. The proposed results allow us to further move on to the development of an automated intelligent evacuation management system, which will ensure increased safety for evacuees, regardless of evacuation scenarios and the current situation in the building.

An annoyance model for urban air mobility vehicle noise in the presence of a masker

Proposed Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations offer an alternative to road and rail traffic for local and regional movement of people and goods. To allow for large-scale adoption of UAM vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft, it is critical to predict human annoyance response to the noise generated by these vehicles. This paper proposes a model that predicts an individual's perceived level of annoyance when presented with UAM VTOL aircraft noise in addition to a masking noise. The model predicts changes in annoyance based on subjective evaluation of detection, noticeability, and annoyance of noise in the presence of a masker. The application of this annoyance model will influence future work for a psychoacoustic annoyance model that incorporates UAM sound quality.

Analisis Tarif Suroboyo Bus dengan Metode Willingness To Pay dan BOK

Public transportation in big cities is very important in carrying out one of its main functions as a carrier for people's movements. For this reason, the Surabaya City Government has operationalized the Suroboyo bus, so it is necessary to conduct research to determine whether the current payment method complies with the Vehicle Operational Cost (BOK) regulations. The method used in this research is Willingness To Pay (WTP). After doing the calculations, the Willingness To Pay (WTP) value on weekdays is Rp. 4,751. This condition indicates that the current tariff for using plastic waste bottles is equivalent to Rp. 5000 so that it is still feasible or in accordance with the Willingness To Pay of Suroboyo Bus passengers. The amount of vehicle operating costs (BOK) incurred by Suroboyo Bus is Rp. 2,982 according to standard regulations of the Surabaya City Transportation Service. In terms of service users, the Suroboyo Bus fare of IDR 5,000 is also not considered burdensome or expensive because the difference between the WTP and the applied rate is not large.

When borders close: Social networks, resilience and food security among informal cross-border fish traders on the Ghana-Togo border

Cross-border fish trade contributes to regional food security and is a source of income for informal traders. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the activities of cross-border traders were severely affected. Lockdowns and border closures limited the movement of people and goods, hindering regional trade. The study builds on a survey using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews conducted in Ghana in 2021 and examines the impacts of the Ghana-Togo border closure on informal cross-border female fish traders’ livelihoods and food security. The findings demonstrate that despite traders’ great efforts to keep their businesses afloat, the border closure affected the traders’ mobility, trade routes, trade volumes, and incomes, which in turn negatively affected the variety and quality of their households’ diets. However, the study also documents how traders were able to implement different strategies to cope with the difficult situation by activating and extending trust-based social networks crucial for trade. The authors therefore conclude that the social embeddedness of fish traders’ informal economic activities was decisive for the resilience of the cross-border trade system during the pandemic, which at least to some degree mitigated the negative effects on traders’ livelihoods and food security.

Analysis of the movements of people deprived of liberty and their possible influences on the spread of tuberculosis

Analysis of the movements of people deprived of liberty and their possible influences on the spread of tuberculosis

Penerapan Konsep Walkability Skala Manusia Berbasis Kegiatan Pelajar dalam Kawasan Pendidikan

Walkability is one part of realizing sustainable and livable city planning and design. The education area is one of the areas in urban areas that has a complex and dynamic level of problems. The attraction of the educational function in an area causes a high movement of people and goods so that in its development various commercial functions grow in it. The M.A Turungku road corridor is part of the education area in Buol City. In the corridor there are various educational functions starting from the elementary, secondary, to upper levels. The pull of the existence of the educational function in the M.A Turungku road corridor has resulted in the growth of commercial functions followed by its impact on the decline in environmental quality. The decline in the quality of the physical environment that occurs in the M.A Turungku road corridor has an impact on the comfort of walking activities, especially for students in the corridor. Therefore, in this study, the improvement of walkability in the M.A Turungku road corridor will be studied through a human-scale approach based on student activities. The research approach uses a rationalistic approach with data collection techniques through systematic observation. The results of this study show that the comfort level of human sensing when walking on the M.A Turungku road corridor gets an uncomfortable value. Meanwhile, in the results of the analysis of pedestrian movements and behavior, during the day in segment 2 of the M.A Turungku road corridor, outdoor activities occur very dynamically where main activities, additional activities, and follow-up activities of pedestrians are formed.