Population Movements Research Articles

Agglomeration Economies and Rural-to-Urban Migration in India

<p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,Times,serif"><span style="font-size:16px"><span dir="ltr" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black">Keeping in view the concept of agglomeration economies and the New Economic Geography (NEG) angle, this paper makes an attempt to examine the rural to urban population movement at the district level in India. The findings do not favour a strong positive association between levels of urbanization and migration rates.  However, there exists a cluster of districts which are able to attract migrants on a large scale in spite of being already urbanized. The work participation rate, share of services and construction work, and literacy rate all form parts of this positive nexus, indicating that opportunities exist with increased levels of urbanization which in turn prompt people to migrate. The positive spill-over effects of higher levels of urbanization are not limited to the urban spaces only as the adjoining rural areas also seem to have undergone   a significant transformation. The land use pattern and activities are changing and some of the developmental impact is evident. However, the regional variations in this respect are evident. There are sharp differences in the relationship between urbanization level and migration rates across regions. The nature of urbanization and its determinants and the outcome variables of urbanization and migration also unravel regional variations. Besides, there are many districts with higher levels of urbanization; yet, they are not able to attract migrants at a rapid pace. New investment opportunities can be created in these spaces to reduce the cost of growth and make employment generation process more effective, facilitating the rural population to take the benefits of agglomeration economies.</span></span></span></span></p>

A microRNA that controls the emergence of embryonic movement.

Movement is a key feature of animal systems, yet its embryonic origins are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the genetic basis underlying the embryonic onset of movement in Drosophila focusing on the role played by small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, miRNAs). To this end, we first develop a quantitative behavioural pipeline capable of tracking embryonic movement in large populations of fly embryos, and using this system, discover that the Drosophila miRNA miR-2b-1 plays a role in the emergence of movement. Through the combination of spectral analysis of embryonic motor patterns, cell sorting and RNA in situs, genetic reconstitution tests, and neural optical imaging we define that miR-2b-1 influences the emergence of embryonic movement by exerting actions in the developing nervous system. Furthermore, through the combination of bioinformatics coupled to genetic manipulation of miRNA expression and phenocopy tests we identify a previously uncharacterised (but evolutionarily conserved) chloride channel encoding gene - which we term Movement Modulator (Motor) - as a genetic target that mechanistically links miR-2b-1 to the onset of movement. Cell-specific genetic reconstitution of miR-2b-1 expression in a null miRNA mutant background, followed by behavioural assays and target gene analyses, suggest that miR-2b-1 affects the emergence of movement through effects in sensory elements of the embryonic circuitry, rather than in the motor domain. Our work thus reports the first miRNA system capable of regulating embryonic movement, suggesting that other miRNAs are likely to play a role in this key developmental process in Drosophila as well as in other species.

Local restrictions, population movement, and spillovers during the pandemic: Evidence from Japan's restaurant restriction.

We investigate how a local restaurant restriction aimed at containing the COVID-19 pandemic influenced population movement and COVID-19 prevalence within and outside the restricted districts. Using data on restaurant location and hourly population at the 500-m-mesh level and on COVID-19 prevalence at both prefecture and municipality level in Japan, we employ a triple-difference approach and a difference-in-differences approach with fixed effects. While the policy decreased population movement to restaurant areas in the restricted districts, it caused spillovers of increasing population movement to restaurant areas in the neighboring nonrestricted districts. Consequently, COVID-19 prevalence worsened in the neighboring nonrestricted districts but improved in the restricted districts. Our findings suggest that imposing such local restrictions in the context of the pandemic may contain the pandemic only in the restricted districts while sacrificing economic activities within these districts and public health in neighboring nonrestricted districts.

Urban Traffic Dominance: A Dynamic Assessment Using Multi-Source Data in Shanghai

This study redefines the evaluation of urban traffic dominance by integrating complex network theory with multi-source spatiotemporal trajectory data, addressing the dynamic nature of various transportation modes, including public transit and shared mobility. Traditional traffic studies, which focus predominantly on static road traffic characteristics, overlook the fluid dynamics integral to urban transport systems. We introduce Relative Weighted Centrality (RWC) as a novel metric for quantifying dynamic traffic dominance, combining it with traditional static metrics to forge a comprehensive traffic dominance evaluation system. The results show the following: (1) Both static and dynamic traffic dominance display core-periphery structures centered around Huangpu District. (2) Dynamically, distinct variations in RWC emerge across different times and transport modes; during the early hours (0:00–6:00), shared bicycles show unique spatial distributions, the subway network experiences a notable decrease in RWC yet maintains its spatial pattern, and taxis exhibit intermediate characteristics. Conversely, the RWC for all modes generally increases during morning (6:00–12:00) and evening (18:00–24:00) peaks, with a pronounced decrease in subway RWC in the latter period. (3) The integration of dynamic evaluations significantly modifies conventional static results, emphasizing the impact of population movements on traffic dominance. This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the strategic management and development of urban traffic infrastructure in Shanghai.

The Equitable Income Distribution in Islam Through Transmigration: Phenomenological Study of Merbau Village, Riau

Population movement between islands in Indonesia is known as transmigration. Since the colonial era, this program has existed, even pioneered by the Dutch government for the first time with the aim of obtaining more colonial benefits. Currently, the transmigration program is growing rapidly in the eyes of the Indonesian government. Even the people themselves also volunteered to carry out transmigration in order to get better livelihoods in new areas. Not infrequently among these communities who experience difficulties during the beginning after the move. So that this transmigration community does not find work causes unemployment everywhere and makes the Indonesian economy decline. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to control unemployment in Merbau village through fair income distribution according to the perspective of the Islamic economy. This research is descriptive qualitative and collects information from interviews with local residents and describes this control from the perspective of Islamic economics. The result of this study is to describe the model of unemployment risk control in Merbau Village from a sharia economic perspective, namely the wage system. The wage / ujrah system is imposed in accordance with the agreement of both parties and gives satisfactory results to each other. And also maintain the old culture of the community to live in harmony between residents even though they are different.

Spatial analysis of olive fly on Samos island

Cultivation of olive-trees is one of the landmark land-uses and agroecosystems of the Mediterranean. The single most important factor of production-loss is infestation by the olive fruit fly (OLF, Bactrocera oleae). We examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of OLF populations on Samos Island by employing spatial-analysis methods for a focused estimation on olive plantations. The case study includes a variation of areas across altitude. We use data for three years (2017–2019) from 399 trap locations that are not associated with farms or other major anthropogenic installations and measure temperature and humidity in 24 locations across the island to: examine the temporal variation of OLF populations, to check the relationship of temperature, humidity, and geomorphological characteristics and calculate the estimated spatial distribution of OLF. Results show small differences of annual averages, but very important spatiotemporal differences and micro hot/cold spots of OLF populations. Findings suggest significant movement of OLF populations across landscape. This approach can help achieve a deeper understanding of OLF behavior in Mediterranean ecosystems and contribute toward new approaches in pest management of olive trees.

Tracking glass beads: communities and exchange relationships across the Atlantic in the seventeenth century

Minimally invasive compositional analyses of glass trade beads have revolutionised the study of these highly portable and socially significant items. Here, the authors interrogate new and legacy compositional data to investigate how Indigenous communities in eastern North America, particularly Wendat confederacy members, obtained beads from European traders and connected to broader interregional exchange systems c. AD 1600–1670. Diagnostic chemical elements in glass compositions reveal down-the-line exchange and population movement into the Western Great Lakes region prior to the arrival of European settlers, which highlights active Indigenous participation in transatlantic economic networks during a historical period of dynamic reorganisation and interaction.

조선후기 한성부의 가옥 및 空垈 매매와 그 특징

This study aims to analyze the patterns and characteristics of house transactions in the Hanseong-bu area during the late Joseon. The main data that the investigator consulted came from the documents related to house transactions housed at Kyoto University of Japan. They are part of Korea's old documents taken out of the country to Japan during the colonial years. The focus was on the transaction records for houses and vacant lots within the five sections of Hanseong-bu between the middle 17th century and the middle 19th century. As for transaction methods, they showed a tendency of Gyeonggwan transactions(經官賣買) to have them notarized by the Hanseong-bu office until the middle 18th century. This characteristic was different from other areas where Baekmun transactions(白文賣買) completed only with a contract between the parties were common for land and houses with Gyeonggwan transactions generally implemented for servant transactions. As for the content of transactions, transaction sizes were about 50~60 rooms(間) in general. It was the most prominent that the same transaction items were traded consecutively at a short time cycle. Transactions were frequent. There were three cases in which it took less than a year to resell a house after its purchase. It took less than three years to resell in 50% of the cases. Gyeonggwan transactions and short transaction cycles were attributed to various causes including the shortage of hoses and lots and diverse ways of dwelling due to frequent population movement. Considering that the same phenomenon was found in land transactions in Hanseong-bu, there is a need to broaden the scope of finding the causes to the degree of urbanization or commercialization and differences in the perceptions of houses and land as one's property.

The Intersection of Gender, Migration, and Urbanisation in Shaping Community Identities and Social Structures

This paper explores in depth the cross influence of three factors, gender, migration and urbanization, in shaping community identity and social structure. As the basic element of social composition, gender not only affects the self-perception of individuals, but also shapes the collective identity at the community level. As an important driving force of community development, the cultural diversity and social dynamics brought about by immigration have had a profound impact on community identity. However, urbanization, as an important feature of modern society, has had a significant impact on community identity and social structure by changing the physical and social environment of communities. In terms of community identity, the adjustment and remodeling of gender roles and gender relationships are an important part of community development.Simultaneously, the integration of immigrants involves the reshaping and rediscovery of identity, enhancing the complexity of community identity through interactions and contrasts with native residents. Moreover, urbanization-induced community shifts and population movements further complicate and diversify this identity. In terms of social structure, the promotion of gender equality awareness helps to break the shackles of traditional social structure and promote the community to a more equitable and inclusive direction. The influx of immigrants brings new social classes and interest groups and have an important impact on the social structure of the community. The rapid advancement of urbanization intensifies the differentiation and reorganization of social structure, which makes the class differences and conflicts of interest within the community more obvious. Gender, immigration, and urbanization have close intersections in shaping community identity and social structure. These three factors interact and influence each other to jointly promote the development and change of the community.

Spatial patterns and trends of inter-city population mobility in China—Based on Baidu migration big data

Based on Baidu migration big data from the Spring Festival travel rush periods in 2022 and 2023, this study employs a combination of GIS-based spatial statistical analysis and social network analysis to analyze over 270,000 travel data records covering 297 prefecture-level cities. The research reveals that the population flow during the 2023 Spring Festival travel rush increased both in overall quantity and in the proportion of inter-provincial population flow compared to the same period in 2022. The distribution of population movement shows a distinct “southeast dense, northwest sparse” pattern, forming a diamond-shaped structure with the Bohai Sea Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan-Chongqing regions as the vertices. Among the most significant inter-city mobility routes are Guangzhou ↔ Foshan, Shenzhen ↔ Dongguan, Shanghai ↔ Suzhou, Xi'an ↔ Xianyang, and Beijing ↔ Langfang, which constitute the five routes with the highest flow volumes, each with its own distinctive patterns and characteristics. Significant agglomeration effects in population movement are observed, with the majority of the 40 cities experiencing higher net inflows situated in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions. On the other hand, many cities in the western and northeastern regions, including some third-tier and even second-tier cities, are facing net population outflows. As the working population and major economic activities increasingly concentrate in large-scale central cities, the future development of prefecture-level cities may gradually diverge.

The Opportunity Provided by Vaccination Offer to Refugees from Ukraine in European Countries.

(1) The Russian invasion of Ukraine forced many people to leave their country and seek asylum in various European countries, with serious consequences from a health perspective. In this context, we describe the health measures undertaken by AcToVax4NAM Consortium Countries (Cyprus-Germany-Greece-Italy-Malta-Poland-Romania-Spain) to prevent Vaccine-Preventable Disease (VPD) outbreaks in the context of mass movements of populations that resulted from the crisis in Ukraine. (2) We collected information on the vaccinations offered to Ukrainians in the Consortium Countries. (3) All these countries have provided Temporary Protection (TP) status to refugees from Ukraine and have followed the recommendations of European and International Agencies to offer them vaccinations according to the National Immunisation Programmes. The COVID-19 vaccination is offered in all countries with regard to the general population. Most countries provide information on TP and access to health/vaccination services in the Ukrainian language. (4) The information collected shows a common effort to ensure the adequate planning of health and vaccination services for refugees from Ukraine and, very often, to include them in the national vaccination offer. It is important that this initial response towards people who have fled Ukraine will be continued following the emergency but, more importantly, that it serves as a best practice towards all migrants and refugees entering the EU.

Dynamic Measurement and Analysis of Upper Eyelid Changes Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

PurposeTo define the regular upper eyelid anatomy and their changes during dynamic motion using ultrasonographically depicted structures. DesignA cross-sectional study. MethodsHigh-resolution ultrasound biomicroscopy (50MHz) was performed on 84 upper eyelids of 42 healthy volunteers without evidence of eyelid conditions. The skin-orbicularis oculi complex (SOOC), levator aponeurosis, and Müller's muscle-conjunctival complex were imaged. The thickness of these structures was measured in primary gaze and downgaze positions. ResultsSOOC and levator aponeurosis thickness was bigger with eyes open than with eyes closed (p < 0.01). With eyes closed, the thickness of SOOC on the pupillary midline and levator aponeurosis was positively correlated with age (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively), and the thickness of levator aponeurosis and SOOC on the pupil midline was also positively correlated with BMI index (p < 0.05). Similarly, SOOC thickness on the medial and lateral canthus line is also positively correlated with BMI index and age (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). As for the differences between genders, the mean thickness of SOOC and levator aponeurosis was statistically different (p < 0.05, respectively). The magnitude of levator aponeurosis thickness in men varied more than in women in different ocular positions (p < 0.05). All measurements had an intramethod between 0.624 and 0.792, and inter-rater ICC and intrarater ICC between 0.748 and 0.850. ConclusionsUltrasound biomicroscopy represents a noninvasive tool for the visualization of upper eyelid morphology. Expanding its application can help to understand the dynamics of upper eyelid physiological movement, aging, and disease research in different populations and evaluate surgical outcomes.

Low signs of territorial behavior in the Eurasian otter during low-water conditions in a Mediterranean river

The Eurasian otter Lutra lutra is a territorial semi-aquatic carnivore usually found at low densities in rivers, coastal areas, and wetlands. Its diet is based on prey associated with aquatic environments. Mediterranean rivers are highly seasonal, and suffer reduced flow during the summer, resulting in isolated river sections (pools) that sometimes can be left with a minimal amount of water, leading to concentrations of food for otters. To our knowledge, this process, which was known to field naturalists, has not been accurately described, nor have otter densities been estimated under these conditions. In this study, we describe the population size and movements of an aggregation of otters in an isolated pool in the Guadiana River in the Tablas de Daimiel National Park (central Spain), which progressively dried out during the spring–summer of 2022, in a context of low connectivity due to the absence of circulating water in the Guadiana and Gigüela rivers. Using non-invasive genetic sampling of 120 spraints collected along 79.4 km of sampling transects and spatial capture-recapture methods, we estimated the otter density at 1.71 individuals/km of river channel length (4.21 individuals/km2) in a progressively drying river pool, up to five times higher than previously described in the Iberian Peninsula. The movement patterns obtained with the spatial capture-recapture model are not quite different from those described in low density, which seems to indicate a wide home range overlap, with low signs of territoriality.

Assessing internal displacement patterns in Ukraine during the beginning of the Russian invasion in 2022

Given the worldwide increase of forcibly displaced populations, particularly internally displaced persons (IDPs), it’s crucial to have an up-to-date and precise tracking framework for population movements. Here, we study how the spatial and temporal pattern of a large-scale internal population movement can be monitored using human mobility datasets by exploring the case of IDPs in Ukraine at the beginning of the Russian invasion of 2022. Specifically, this study examines the sizes and travel distances of internal displacements based on GPS human mobility data, using the combinations of mobility pattern estimation methods such as truncated power law fitting and visualizing the results for humanitarian operations. Our analysis reveals that, although the city of Kyiv started to lose its population around 5 weeks before the invasion, a significant drop happened in the second week of the invasion (4.3 times larger than the size of the population lost in 5 weeks before the invasion), and the population coming to the city increased again from the third week of the invasion, indicating that displaced people started to back to their homes. Meanwhile, adjacent southern areas of Kyiv and the areas close to the western borders experienced many migrants from the first week of the invasion and from the second to third weeks of the invasion, respectively. In addition, people from relatively higher-wealth areas tended to relocate their home locations far away from their original locations compared to those from other areas. For example, 19 % of people who originally lived in higher wealth areas in the North region, including the city of Kyiv, moved their home location more than 500 km, while only 9 % of those who originally lived in lower wealth areas in the North region moved their home location more than 500 km..

Distribution and dynamics ofAnopheles gambiaes.l. larval habitats in threeSenegalesecities with high urban malaria incidence.

Urban malaria has become a challenge for most African countries due to urbanization, with increasing population sizes, overcrowding, and movement into cities from rural localities. The rapid expansion of cities with inappropriate water drainage systems, abundance of water storage habitats, coupled with recurrent flooding represents a concern for water-associated vector borne diseases, including malaria. This situation could threaten progress made towards malaria elimination in sub-Saharan countries, including Senegal, where urban malaria has presented as a threat to national elimination gains. To assess drivers of urban malaria in Senegal, a 5-month study was carried out from August to December 2019 in three major urban areas and hotspots for malaria incidence (Diourbel, Touba, and Kaolack) including the rainy season (August-October) and partly dry season (November-December). The aim was to characterize malaria vector larval habitats, vector dynamics across both seasons, and to identify the primary eco- environmental entomological factors contributing to observed urban malaria transmission. A total of 145 Anopheles larval habitats were found, mapped, and monitored monthly. This included 32 in Diourbel, 83 in Touba, and 30 in Kaolack. The number of larval habitats fluctuated seasonally, with a decrease during the dry season. In Diourbel, 22 of the 32 monitored larval habitats (68.75%) were dried out by December and considered temporary, while the remaining 10 (31.25%) were classified as permanent. In the city of Touba 28 (33.73%) were temporary habitats, and of those 57%, 71% and 100% dried up respectively by October, November, and December. However, 55 (66.27%) habitats were permanent water storage basins which persisted throughout the study. In Kaolack, 12 (40%) permanent and 18 (60%) temporary Anopheles larval habitats were found and monitored during the study. Three malaria vectors (An. arabiensis, An. pharoensis and An. funestus s.l.) were found across the surveyed larval habitats, and An. arabiensis was found in all three cities and was the only species found in the city of Diourbel, while An. arabiensis, An. pharoensis, and An. funestus s.l. were detected in the cities of Touba and Kaolack. The spatiotemporal observations of immature malaria vectors in Senegal provide evidence of permanent productive malaria vector larval habitats year-round in three major urban centers in Senegal, which may be driving high urban malaria incidence. This study aimed to assess the presence and type of anopheline larvae habitats in urban areas. The preliminary data will better inform subsequent detailed additional studies and seasonally appropriate, cost-effective, and sustainable larval source management (LSM) strategies by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP).

Using Crowdsourced Data to Assess the Impact of Shelter-in-Place Orders (SIPO) during COVID-19: Lessons from a Small Island Developing State

Without the availability of a vaccine (at the time of writing) to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus, countries must rely largely on lockdown measures to limit population movement and community spread. The case of COVID-19 in small island territories is particularly important given their vulnerabilities to external shocks, limited capacity to prepare for and respond to a health crisis, and a population susceptible to non-communicable diseases. This article utilise novel crowdsourced cell phone data gathered by Facebook Data for Good and difference-in-differences estimation as well as event studies to examine the effectiveness of shelter-in-place orders (SIPOs) on population movement patterns across Trinidad and Tobago. We find that most SIPOs result in reductions in population movement patterns across the country, the most effective being the closure of all public places and non-essential businesses. Also, the relaxation of these measures does not readily result in increasing population movement patterns, indicating relative embeddedness in population movement. Our results further suggest that voluntary compliance, adaptive behaviour among citizens, government transparency and public information can also be important motivations for reduced population movement during the pandemic.

Impact of trans-regional travel-related testing on epidemic spreading

The convenient transport network enables people to travel quickly and frequently across regions, but it also brings serious challenges to the emergency management of infectious diseases. This work extends the classical SEIR model by incorporating trans-regional population movements and contact infections during travel. It also includes cross-regional population testing and treatment measures to curb the spread of infectious diseases across regions. According to these characteristics, a Net-SEIHR model is established and its diffusion properties are deduced. Further, the cooperative allocation problem of limited detection resources and its control strategy are discussed. Numerical experiments show that the control measures can reduce the speed of trans-regional transmission of infectious diseases and the peak of treatment. In the case of limited testing resources, it is necessary to strengthen the detection of people in the inflow regions.

Climatic variability in the Armenian Highlands as the backdrop to hominin population dynamics 50–25 ka

The impact of Late Pleistocene climatic oscillations, volcanism and the diverse terrain of the Armenian Highlands affected hominin population dynamics and movements through the region. To test different scenarios for the period 50–25 ka regarding expansion, adaptive response, intra-population interactions and extinction, we need local on-site paleoclimatic data found in association with hominin occupations. However, this approach has been hampered by the dearth and highly uneven spatiotemporal recovery of paleoclimatic data from prehistoric sites across the region. In this study, we analyze multiple assemblages of fossil micromammals from the Late Middle Paleolithic (LMP) Lusakert-1 rockshelter (two fossil-yielding strata; <55 ka) and Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) Aghitu-3 Cave (four fossil-yielding strata; ∼39–24 ka) using geometric morphometric-aided taxonomy, to quantify the representation of different species among the abundant and diverse arvicoline genera (Microtus and Chionomys; mean = 58% of assemblages). We combined this approach with quantitative species-level paleoclimatic reconstructions (Bioclimatic Model; 14 rodent taxa) to determine changes in habitat composition as well as temperature and precipitation shifts during the Late Middle–Early Upper Paleolithic. Taphonomic analysis was conducted to establish isotaphonomy among the assemblages. The analysis shows higher than present-day absolute temperatures for the series of occupations at both Lusakert-1 and Aghitu-3, making it unlikely that hominin activity at the sites coincided with extreme cold-climate phases. A multivariate comparison of the taxonomic abundances (genus level) across a wider sample of regional Middle Paleolithic (MP) and Upper Paleolithic (UP) cave sites (Hovk-1, Kudaro-1, Mezmaiskaya, Satsurblia and Dzudzuana) indicates the possibility of cold-period occupation at only two of the sites, Mezmaiskaya Layers 3 and 2 and Kudaro-1 Layer 3. We surmise that the manufacturers of LMP lithic industries in the Caucasus were well adapted to these challenging environments, thus undermining arguments that rapid climate change through the LMP/EUP period could alone have determined the course of population dynamics in this region.

Spatial Analysis of Intercity Migration Patterns of China’s Rural Population: Based on the Network Perspective

Since entering the 21st century, many developing countries around the world have begun to enter a stage of rapid urbanization; large-scale “rural-urban” population migration has become a typical social phenomenon in these countries. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to elucidate the spatial migration characteristics of rural populations and to discuss future rural–urban development strategies. For this purpose, this paper takes China as a case and employs methods such as spatial autocorrelation analysis, hotspot analysis, and network analysis to construct an intercity migration network of rural migrants and analyze its spatial characteristics and internal structure. The results indicate that the migration pattern of the rural population exhibits notable spatial clustering features. Cities in the eastern and central regions are, respectively, hotspots for the inflow and outflow of rural populations, with internal migration dominating in western cities and relatively inactive rural population movements in northeastern cities. Municipalities directly under the central government, sub-provincial cities, and provincial capitals show a significant tendency to attract rural populations, while prefecture-level and county-level cities mainly radiate rural populations outward. Cities nationwide form seven major clusters in the migration network, and these clusters exhibit distinct structural characteristics. Rural population migration is influenced by various factors. In the future, considerations should focus on the county as the primary unit, attracting rural populations for local employment, and promoting rural revitalization and agriculture development. The findings of this paper are of reference significance not only to China but also to many developing countries with similar national conditions in the world.

Investigating the effect of industry-specific economic distance on the prediction of intercity population movement

Intercity population movement has been extensively studied since it is closely related to human society. Currently, city industry structures play dominant roles in the direction of population movement. Yet, the extent to which different kinds of industry proximity influence human mobility remains unclear. In this study, we introduce the concept of intercity industry proximity, regarded as economic distances, to forecast intercity population movement using a relational graph convolutional network. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework in learning information from 18 industry proximity networks. Using this framework, we investigate the impact of distinct industries on population movement by traversing each industry as input separately. Results show that while all industries exhibit favorable predictive performance, slight differences exist. Specifically, the primary industry emerges as the most influential predictor of population movement, followed by secondary industries, whereas certain tertiary industries exert comparatively minimal effects. We also examine the influence of proximity thresholds for graph-generating on model performance. Theoretical explanations concerning face-to-face interactions for the diffusion of tacit knowledge are discussed, and policy implications are provided to enrich the current understanding of population movement.