Human Motion Research Articles

From cost to conductance: A technique for incorporating social conductance in Least cost analysis

We draw attention to differences in logistic least cost rationales that emphasize the practical conditions that push people toward optimization and social approaches, which emphasize the sociocultural conditions that can pull people away from optimization. To better incorporate the prosocial tendencies of people moving through lived landscapes, we develop a socially informed least cost approach that prioritizes social interactions at known sites without explicitly inputting those places asdestinations. To highlight the utility of this technique, we deploy the social approach in a case study of the South Road—an important movement corridor during the Chaco fluorescence (ca. AD 850-1150) in present-day northwestern New Mexico. Results show that a social approach produces travel corridors that more closely resemble the route of the South Road than corridors derived through a logistic approach. The results demonstrate the importance of considering traditionally non-optimal and socially informed motivations when modeling human movement and large-scale transportation in the past.

Biological reliability of a movement analysis assessment using a markerless motion capture system.

Advances in motion capture technology include markerless systems to facilitate valid data collection. Recently, the technological reliability of this technology has been reported for human movement assessments. To further understand sources of potential error, biological reliability must also be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the day-to-day reliability for a three-dimensional markerless motion capture (MMC) system to quantify 4 movement analysis composite scores, and 81 kinematic variables. Twenty-two healthy men (n = 11; ; age = 23.0 ± 2.6 years, height = 180.4.8 cm, weight = 80.4 ± 7.3 kg) and women (n = 11; age = 20.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 172.2 ± 7.4 cm, weight = 68.0 ± 7.3 kg) participated in this study. All subjects performed 4 standardized test batteries consisting of 14 different movements on four separate days. A three-dimensional MMC system (DARI Motion, Lenexa, KS) using 8 cameras surrounding the testing area was used to quantify movement characteristics. 1 × 4 RMANOVAs were used to determine significant differences across days for the composite movement analysis scores, and RM-MANOVAs were used to determine test day differences for the kinematic data (p < 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were reported for all variables to determine test reliability. To determine biological variability, mean absolute differences from previously reported technological variability data were subtracted from the total variability data from the present study. No differences were observed for any composite score (i.e., athleticism, explosiveness, quality, readiness; or any of the 81 kinematic variables. Furthermore, 84 of 85 measured variables exhibited good to excellent ICCs (0.61-0.99). When compared to previously reported technological variability data, 62.3% of item variability was due to biological variability, with 66 of 85 variables exhibiting biological variability as the primary source of error (i.e., >50% total variability). Combined, these findings effectively add to the body of literature suggesting sufficient reliability for MMC solutions in capturing kinematic features of human movement.

Durable Flexible Conductive Fiber Based on Cross-Linking Network Tannic Acid/Polypyrrole for Wearable Thermotherapy Monitoring System.

Intelligent wearable textiles have garnered attention and advancement, particularly in the realms of thermotherapy and health monitoring. As a critical component of intelligent wearable textiles, conductive fibers are expected to have long-term stable and durable conductivity. In this work, a highly stretchable and conductive fiber based on tannic acid/polypyrrole was developed. The conductive network was formed by doping TA into PPy, resulting in enhanced stretchability of PPy on the surface of PU. TA also improves the interface interaction between PPy and PU to gain more firm attachment of PPy, which achieves high conductivity (0.89 ± 0.23 S/cm) and durability. Furthermore, the stretchable conductive fiber also exhibited intelligent responses to electricity, light, and deformation. They can serve as heat sources under the action of electricity and light (temperature was raised to 42 °C under 4 V and 54 °C under solar radiation stimuli) and can also monitor the movements of humans, making them potential applications in thermotherapy textiles and intelligent sensing equipment. A PU/TA/PPy-based all-in-one smart wearable system was fabricated using textile molding technology capable of all-weather thermal therapy and motion detection. This fiber fabrication technology and integrated system offer insights for the future development of smart wearable devices.

Multifunctional ultraelastic helical conductive yarn for motion detection and human-machine interaction

Featured with intrinsic lightweight, great flexibility, and easy integration into functional textiles or devices, the stretchable conductive fiber has attracted much attention in the realm of wearable electronics. However, the conductive fibers encounter a troublesome “trade-off” between high conductivity and large elasticity under large deformation, which restricts their widespread applications. Herein, we designed a multifunctional highly elastic helical conductive yarn (HCY) by electrospinning polyurethane (PU) nanofibers, polydopamine (PDA)-assisted silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) deposition and over-twisting. The introduction of a PDA mediated layer fosters strong bond between the conductive AgNPs and the elastic PU nanofibers matrix, showcasing robust structural stability and electrical performance. The hierarchically interlocked conductive structure confers high electrical conductivity to the stretchable HCY, enabling it to withstand large mechanical deformation, which achieves good recoverability within a range of 700 %, great durability (40000 times at deformation of 200 %) and maximum conductive tensile elongation up to 1200 %. Furthermore, the HCY also features excellent Joule-heating ability, great antibacterial performance, and functions as a rapid-response strain sensor (GFmax = 9.82), which is ideal for detecting human motion and enhancing human–machine interactions. This work provides a new path for developing advanced stretchable conductive materials, which is of great significance for versatile ultraelastic wearable electronic devices.

High sensitivity flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on multi‐layer piezoelectric composite fiber for human motion energy harvesting

AbstractIn this study, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on multilayer composite fiber had good and stable piezoelectric output performance, which could realize biomechanical energy collection and human movement monitoring. The polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoryl propylene (P(VDF‐HFP)) composite fiber doped with MXene was used as a promising piezoelectric functional layer (MPFP). By electrospinning, P(VDF‐HFP) composite fiber was constructed by alternating electrospinning with polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers layer by layer. The adoption of MXene as a functional filler promoted the transformation of P(VDF‐HFP) from α to piezoelectric β‐crystal, the piezoelectric β‐crystal content of P(VDF‐HFP) increased, and the dielectric properties and polarization levels were enhanced. At the same time, the multi‐layer structure design improved the piezoelectric sensitivity and mechanical properties of the composite fiber, and the composite fiber was more flexible and had longer tensile strain. With excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, 3MPFP/TPU/3MPFP/TPU multilayer composite fibers showed piezoelectric sensitivity of 10.88 V/kPa. Under the action of palm pressing, the PENG generated an open circuit voltage of 25 V, and the voltage signal of the device under different motion forms had specific characteristics such as peak value, frequency, and shape, which could be used to realize the analysis of human motion forms. This study provided an efficient, simple, and creative new idea for the application of flexible energy storage electronic devices, PENGs, and piezoelectric sensors.

Filter-deform attention GAN: constructing human motion videos from few images

Filter-deform attention GAN: constructing human motion videos from few images

Wearable Technology and Its Influence on Motor Development and Biomechanical Analysis.

The convergence among biomechanics, motor development, and wearable technology redefines our understanding of human movement. These technologies allow for the continuous monitoring of motor development and the state of motor abilities from infancy to old age, enabling early and personalized interventions to promote healthy motor skills. For athletes, they offer valuable insights to optimize technique and prevent injuries, while in old age, they help maintain mobility and prevent falls. Integration with artificial intelligence further extends these capabilities, enabling sophisticated data analysis. Wearable technology is transforming the way we approach motor development and maintenance of motor skills, offering unprecedented possibilities for improving health, performance, and quality of life at every stage of life. The promising future of these technologies paves the way for an era of more personalized and effective healthcare, driven by innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Pengembangan dan Validasi Media Pembelajaran Video Visual untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar IPA pada Sistem Gerak Manusia Kelas V

The purpose of this research is to develop and validate visual video learning media that can encourage students to learn science, especially the human movement system, in grade V elementary school. To help students understand the subject matter, visual videos that combine audio and visual elements are used. This research uses the Research and Development (R&amp;D) method with a systematic and structured ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) approach. The quality of the video, cover design, and materials presented were evaluated by professionals to test the validity of the learning media. The validation results show that the visual video media increases students' understanding and desire to learn. It is expected that the use of this media will help teachers deliver lessons more interestingly and effectively. Research that confirms the importance of innovation in learning media development through evolving technology and interactive effectiveness

Wet Spinning/UV Dual-Curing enabled 3D printable fiber for intelligent electronic devices

Conductive fibers are widely used in wearable sensors and implantable devices in real life due to their excellent properties of softness and lightweight. However, most conductive fibers obtained through the simple blending of polymer elastomers and inorganic conductive particles often leads to issues such as uneven conductor distribution and poor mechanical performance. Herein, the composite fiber consists of deep eutectic solvents (composed of choline chloride and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and thermoplastic polyurethane was prepared by wet spinning/ ultraviolet dual-curing method. The uniform distribution of deep eutectic solvents and the resilience of thermoplastic polyurethane ensure that the fiber material can maintain stable signal monitoring capability when subject to various strains over the long term. The composite fiber as motion sensor with an ultra-wide operating range (0–710 %), fast response time (186 ms), long lifetime (stable after 5 months), wide temperature range and excellent weather resistance. It is worth mention that the dual curing process combined with 3D printing technology, allows for the fabrication of flexible sensors in a variety of shapes. 3D printing sensors can be produced underwater to achieve different sensitivities, enabling customization to meet the requirements of applications. This innovative study holds tremendous potential for the next generation of flexible electronic products, such as human motion monitoring and information transmission.

Design and Performance Analysis of Robotic Vertebral-Disc Unit with Cable-Driven Mechanism.

The humanoid torso is crucial for the overall performance of a humanoid robot. Developing an effective humanoid spine is essential for enhancing this mechanism. This paper introduces a one-vertebral-disc unit inspired by human spine anatomy. A prototype was created using 3D-printed parts and commercially available components. Two general human-like motions are achieved using two servo motors and two pulleys, reducing the number of servo motors needed. The results indicate that a one-vertebral-disc unit can bend up to 15 degrees. The proposed mechanism functions effectively and successfully mimics human movements. It holds potential for integration into humanoid torsos, enabling efficient performance in human-like tasks in the future.

Examination Of Metaverse Awareness Levels Of University Students Who Have Sports Education

Being a thinking creature, human has made progress in almost every subject that his mind has reached. The word technology has also emerged as a result of this development. With the advancement of technology in today's digital age, systems that transmit human behaviors to the digital world have also developed rapidly. Metaverse is a good example that can be given to these systems and concepts lately. This technology, in which human movements are at the center, provides benefits in many different fields such as medicine, games, sports and art. In this context, it is important to include the Metaverse, a new technological phenomenon that will contribute to the development and technological progress of sports, in the field of sports, and to introduce and train all individuals in the sports community to the Metaverse. In this study, it was conducted to investigate the Metaverse knowledge, attitude and awareness level of the students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences in order to reveal the state of Metaverse knowledge and awareness of the students studying at the Faculty of Sports Sciences, which provides human resources to the field of sports, and to draw attention to the awareness of Metaverse technology. The sample of the study consists of 238 students studying at Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sport Sciences. As a result of our study, while a significant difference was found in various sub-dimensions according to the gender, income level and possession of crypto money, no significant difference was found according to the departments of the students.

Cutting-Edge Perovskite-Based Flexible Pressure Sensors Made Possible by Piezoelectric Innovation.

In the area of flexible electronics, pressure sensors are a widely utilized variety of flexible electronics that are both indispensable and prevalent. The importance of pressure sensors in various fields is currently increasing, leading to the exploration of materials with unique structural and piezoelectric properties. Perovskite-based materials are ideal for use as flexible pressure sensors (FPSs) due to their flexibility, chemical composition, strain tolerance, high piezoelectric and piezoresistive properties, and potential integration with other technologies. This article presents a comprehensive study of perovskite-based materials used in FPSs and discusses their components, performance, and applications in detecting human movement, electronic skin, and wireless monitoring. This work also discusses challenges like material instability, durability, and toxicity, the limited widespread application due to environmental factors and toxicity concerns, and complex fabrication and future directions for perovskite-based FPSs, providing valuable insights for researchers in structural health monitoring, physical health monitoring, and industrial applications.

Porous reduced graphene oxide@multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane piezoresistive pressure sensor for human motion detection

With the rapid development of wearable electronic, smart robot and health monitoring, there is a growing focus on flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to prepare flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor with porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge as matrix and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for the construction of dual-conductive network. The sensor exhibited excellent overall sensing performances (pressure detection range of 0–200 kPa, sensitivity of 1.62 kPa−1 in 0–29 kPa and 0.41 kPa−1 in 29–65 kPa, response/recovery time of 61/40 ms and 22,000 loading-unloading cycles at 0–15 % compressive strain). Meanwhile, the sensor was able to normally work in the range of 30–100 °C and affected little by temperature. In addition, the sensor was successfully applied for detecting various human motions as well as music recognition and identification. The piezoresistive pressure sensor has great application prospect in wearable devices, health monitoring, and human-machine interaction.

Nacre-like Anisotropic Multifunctional Aramid Nanofiber Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, Thermal Management, and Strain Sensing.

Developing multifunctional flexible composites with high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, thermal management, and sensing capacity is urgently required but challenging for next-generation smart electronic devices. Herein, novel nacre-like aramid nanofibers (ANFs)-based composite films with an anisotropic layered microstructure were prepared via vacuum-assisted filtration and hot-pressing. The formed 3D conductive skeleton enabled fast electron and phonon transport pathways in the composite films. As a result, the composite films showed a high electrical conductivity of 71.53 S/cm and an outstanding thermal conductivity of 6.4 W/m·K when the mass ratio of ANFs to MXene/AgNWs was 10:8. The excellent electrical properties and multi-layered structure endowed the composite films with superior EMI shielding performance and remarkable Joule heating performance, with a surface temperature of 78.3 °C at a voltage of 2.5 V. Additionally, it was found that the composite films also exhibited excellent mechanical properties and outstanding flame resistance. Moreover, the composite films could be further designed as strain sensors, which show great promise in monitoring real-time signals for human motion. These satisfactory results may open up a new opportunity for EMI shielding, thermal management, and sensing applications in wearable electronic devices.

Enhanced multifunctional sensing in human motion with speed-controlled coaxial wet-spun hollow MWCNT-TPU/TPU smart fibers

In the field of personal health management and athletic performance optimization, the demand for multi-parameter human signal monitoring devices is rapidly increasing. Currently, flexible sensors produced through wet spinning techniques face challenges of simplistic structure and functionality, as well as difficulty in balancing strength and sensitivity. In-depth research is needed to develop high-performance wet spinning techniques, which will lay the foundation for commercial smart garments capable of unobtrusively monitoring human motion in the future. This study innovatively employs specialized slurry formulations and spinning speed controls to utilize the timing differences in fiber precipitation and the affinity among similar materials. Through the coaxial wet spinning process, it enables the continuous, large-scale manufacturing of hollow core–shell fibers, MT/T-S5, which feature a dense inner layer and a porous outer conductive layer. This special structure endows the fibers with high strength, high signal stability, and capabilities for both active and passive heating. These fibers achieve a maximum gauge factor (GF) 65.2 in stretch sensing applications and can detect pressures as low as 0.1 N. The MT/T-S5 smart fibers can sense human joint movements, and through connection with an Arduino microcontroller, they can control a robotic hand and perform independent and real-time motion detection of five fingers to distinguish gestures. This research not only provides a new type of fiber material for the development of future smart textiles but also reveals a formation mechanism for hollow core–shell fibers in the field of wet spinning. This discovery can offer valuable inspiration for fiber structural design in future research.

Ablation threshold, structural modification, and sensing of graphene oxide thin film induced by UV nanosecond laser

Reduction of graphene oxide by laser irradiation is crucial for developing conductive thin films. This study investigates the ablation threshold, reduction of graphene oxide, and high-precision patterning by UV nanosecond laser irradiation of graphene oxide films on flexible substrates. The ablation threshold of graphene oxide thin film was evaluated by examining the relationship between micropore diameters and laser pulse energy density. The single pulse ablation threshold was 2.29 J/cm², indicating that the UV nanosecond laser energy density is sufficient for the ablation of graphene oxide. Based on ablation threshold evaluation, graphene oxide was reduced by UV nanosecond laser irradiation, and laser-irradiated graphene oxide-based flexible thin film with four different line widths was fabricated. UV nanosecond laser irradiation graphene oxide-based grid structure patterns on the flexible substrates were fabricated by analyzing these different line widths. In addition, laser-irradiated graphene oxide-based grid structure flexible electrode were used to monitor human hand motion and finger press sensing. This study underscores the significance of laser irradiation of graphene oxide, a controllable strategy, and highlights the novelty and practical applications for fabricating flexible graphene oxide-based electronics.

High performance PVC/ [AMI]mNTF2 ionic gel sensors for smart wearable applications

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel as an electroactive polymer material has attracted increasing interest for the construction of flexible devices with the integration of actuation and self-sensing. However, the insufficient sensing ability of traditional PVC gels limits their applications. In this paper, a PVC ionic gel sensor based on the physical blending of PVC gel and the ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bisimide ([AMI]mNTF2) is presented. With the addition of ionic liquids, the PVC molecular chains and ions formed stable conductive pathways, resulting in increased conductivity and sensing performance of the PVC gel. The proposed sensor exhibits excellent sensing properties of high resolution (0.12 %) and fast response time (95 ms), along with high sensitivity (GF=27.8), which is more than seven times that of the traditional PVC gel. Furthermore, it was successfully utilized for human motion detection and remote control of a robotic hand, demonstrating the feasibility of the sensor for smart wearable applications in the future.

Flexible ZIF-67@PVDF tree-like nanofiber membrane with high piezoelectric output for energy harvesting

Modern demands for efficient, environmentally friendly, and self-powered devices have led to growing interest in piezoelectric polymers in the scientific community. In this paper, a ZIF-67 functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride/ tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate tree-like nanofiber membrane (ZIF-67@PVDF/TBAHP-TLNMs) was developed as piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting. The ZIF-67@PVDF/TBAHP-TLNMs was prepared by in-situ growth of ZIF-67 on the surface of PVDF TLNMs, which demonstrated remarkable energy harvesting capabilities. The results indicated that the β-phase content of the in-situ growth of ZIF-67 reached 86.94 %, augmented the fiber's rotation radius, and elevated the electromechanical conversion efficiency. Notably, the short circuit current reached 3.87 μA and the output voltage exceeded 9.78 V, which was 10.7 times and 5.9 times higher than the electrical signal output of pure PVDF nanofiber membrane, respectively. Furthermore, the ZIF-67@PVDF/TBAHP-TLNMs exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, with an elastic modulus as high as 1.13 GPa, outperforming other nanofiber membranes and catering to the diverse requirements of wearable devices. During a 500 s test cycle, its layered structure remained intact, without any discernible damage or interlayer separation of the nanofibers. At the same time, the device exhibited high electromechanical conversion efficiency and a sensitive sensing function, which made it have broad application prospects in human motion monitoring and intelligent wearable devices.

Multi-granularity spatial temporal graph convolution network with consecutive attention for human motion prediction

Human motion prediction is attracting increasing attention for its numerous potential applications in fields including autonomous driving, video surveillance and virtual reality. However, accurate motion prediction is challenging due to the complex spatial dependencies, dynamic temporal correlations and high dimension of human pose sequences. Existing graph-based methods rarely consider positional and channel information of the feature map, resulting in lower prediction accuracy. Therefore, we propose a novel multi-granularity spatial temporal graph convolution network with consecutive attention (MSTCA) for human motion prediction. Firstly, a multi-granularity spatial convolution network is introduced to capture spatial joint features through multiple kernel sizes. Then, consecutive attention module is proposed to capture both positional and channel information of the feature map. Next, MSTCA uses multi-granularity temporal convolutional network to extract temporal correlations with multiple receptive fields and predict future poses. Finally, a decoder composed of a 2D convolution layer and several PRelu layers integrates the output of the whole model. Experimental results on the GTA-IM and PROX datasets demonstrate that our method significantly improves the accuracy of human motion prediction in comparison to the existing approaches.

Buckling-inspired triboelectric sensor for multifunctional sensing of soft robotics and wearable devices

Amidst the rapid development of intelligent robotics and wearable health monitoring devices, there is an urgent demand for flexible sensor with high sensitivity and precise feedback. In this paper, a multifunctional triboelectric sensor inspired by the phenomenon of buckling is introduced, which integrates kirigami structures with triboelectric nanogenerator principles to accurately detect one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) deformations. The sensor employs a contact-separating structure, with its friction layers consisting of 2D laser-cut kirigami electrodes, which deform into three-dimensional (3D) structures through tensile or compressive buckling. The tensile buckling sensor (BS) developed is capable of sensing the bending angle of soft grippers, allowing the detection of the size of grasped objects with a high recognition rate of 93.75 %. Additionally, in its 1D compressive buckling form, the sensor can be used to recognize various human motion patterns effectively, while the 2D compressive version can be used to measure the expansion of curved surfaces with a sensitivity of 1.3307 V/mm. By combining the unique properties of buckling structures, the innovative triboelectric multifunctional sensor proposed offers a new solution for high-precision motion feedback control with potential application in soft robotics and health monitoring.