Movement For Human Rights Research Articles

Aksi Kewargaan Membela Hak Ekologi Warga Trenggalek: Analisis Ideologis, Lingkungan, dan Teologis

The background of this research aims to publish two reasons. First, to show a new perspective of common opinion about the social movement that is based on the class struggle. In this research, the environmental movement is run by the ecological ideology, spirituality, and theology motives. Second, the protests to reject the mining exploitation agenda are not to fight the state nor hinder the development agenda. However, these are the acts of citizenship as a part of participation in a democratic country. Based on the two points above, the research adapts two concepts those are the acts of citizenship from Engin Isin and humanistic Islam from Anna Gade. The data mining process uses ethnographic or observational participatory method that has done in the field of movement as become part of them. The discussion divides the actors of movement into three categories, two of them are Islamic-based organization and the left one is Javanese spiritual group. Each of them works on their own way to defend the ecological rights, but they all have the similar objectives of movement that is ecological sustainability. To develop the study of human rights movement in Indonesia, the approach of ethnography study needs to be deepened and doubled so that the local perspective about their own construction about rights could be mapped.

Systemic Discrimination of the Russian Orthodox Church in European Countries

This article examines and analyzes the discriminatory processes in Ukraine against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the discriminatory processes in the European Union countries against the Russian Orthodox Church. It specifi es the major publications highlighting the facts of discrimination against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Ukraine. The article also mentions the documents of the European Parliament, which have been used as the justifi cation for restricting the activity of the Russian Orthodox Church. These documents have become an aid for the introduction of unprecedented targeted sanctions against Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia by countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia. Such gross interference by politicians in the activity of Orthodox churches is becoming the norm of political life in countries such as Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, as evidenced by the actions taken by the politicians of these countries and mentioned in the article. Moreover, the article fi gures out the understanding of the crisis in the international human rights movement with regard to rights and freedoms of religious organizations. The article highlights cases when Ukrainian human rights defenders became authors of anti-church laws, and the well-known Amnesty International human rights organization apologized for their report on the alleged war crimes by the Zelensky’s regime. Double standards in the assessment of off ense seriousness in Ukraine are clearly illustrated by the example of the fi rst three reports of the Monitoring Mission that was deployed in Ukraine in March 2014 by the Off ice of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. This mission was represented by more than 30 employees in fi ve Ukrainian cities: Kyiv, Donetsk, Odessa, Kharkiv and Lviv. These reports included a section dedicated to the observance of rights and freedoms of religious organizations in Ukraine. The article mentions the incidents recorded by the Monitoring Mission and the facts of discrimination against clerics and members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church highlighted in mass media. It is noted that the Monitoring Mission recorded mainly cases of discrimination against the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kiev Patriarchate, the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and other religious organizations. Violations of rights and freedoms of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church were not only ignored, but sometimes its activity was characterized in documents as “aggressive”.

Social Activism and Societal Transformation: Assessing the Impact of Human Rights Movements

This research employs bibliometric analysis to examine the impact of the Human Rights Movement on social activism and societal transformation. Through the utilization of the VOSviewer software, a systematic assessment of scholarly publications was conducted to uncover trends, collaborations, and influential works in this dynamic field. The analysis revealed distinct thematic clusters, including those centered around conflict, culture, business, health, and basic human rights. Seminal works, such as "Activists Beyond Borders" and "Racial Formation in the United States," were identified as pivotal in shaping the discourse. The distribution of term occurrences highlighted a focus on practice, human rights activists, traditional justice, and education. This study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional relationships between human rights, activism, and societal transformation, providing insights for academics, policymakers, and activists alike.

Speaking Rights to Populism? Using Emotion as the Language of Values

Abstract Since 2016 a series of unexpected developments such as Brexit and the shock election of Donald Trump have drawn attention to the rise of populism as one of the most significant phenomena in today’s political world. This populist ‘explosion’ is widely regarded as a significant threat to democracy and human rights, particularly the rights of minorities. So how should the human rights movement best respond? Speaking to the special issue theme on the meaning of and challenges to human rights, this article advances an argument for human rights claims-makers to learn the ‘lessons from populism’ in terms of its emotional appeal. Part 1 reviews the scholarly literature on human rights and the phenomenon of radical right populism to date, including the co-option of rights language by the far right. Part 2 builds on this literature to identify weaknesses in the legalistic way that (political) rights claims are advanced and argues that constructivist perspectives on rights may help ‘speak rights to’ populism. The final part argues that further research into emotions as the ‘language of values’ may help put empirical and conceptual flesh on the bones of a more ‘constructivist’ view of human rights.

Rights Are Necessary but Insufficient for the Achievement of the Full Inclusion of People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ObjectivesTwo forces which are in juxtaposition have been impacting upon the achievement of full inclusion and emancipation of people with intellectual and related developmental disabilities into society. The first is the history of the United Nations human rights declarations and conventions. While human rights initiatives have supported grassroots movements such as choice, self-determination, and person-centred supports, the second force, neoliberal philosophy, has commandeered these concepts into a culture of managerialism and individualism. Whether rights are necessary but insufficient for the achievement of the full inclusion of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities needed to be addressed.MethodsThe history of the human rights movement was explored leading up to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The impact of countervailing forces of neoliberal policies were explored. The ongoing development of models of disability were examined, as were threats to implementation and the realisation of outcomes.ResultsThe impact of neoliberal policies by member nations and the juridical nature of the CRDP were found to be limiting factors for genuine community acceptance and inclusion of people with disabilities, especially those with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionsMember nations conforming to human rights imperatives also need to encourage the building an ethical community in which reciprocal relationships are fostered and celebrated. Individualism and the market-based economies have failed to recognise the important role communality has played in the history of the human species.

Human Rights and Literature: A Study of The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida

This article examines the use of symbolic representations in The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida (2022) to narrate the history of Human Rights (HR) violations. The article argues that the genre of fiction has emerged as a cultural medium for promoting the discourse of HR, moving beyond legal, judicial, and political forums. Building upon the concept of Human Rights Literature (HRL) developed by Pramod K. Nayar, the article conducts a critical analysis of the novel. It analyses 1) the use of fictional narratives to depict HR violations, 2) the role of language and cultural discourse that contribute to the dehumanization and demonization of people and massacres, and 3) how the discursive description of HR violations due to riots, civil war, and massacres transforms into a popular language of fiction. The article emphasizes the significance of fiction as a valuable addition to ethical literature within the HR movement and as a tool for spreading awareness.

Human Rights and Oppressed Peoples: Collected Essays and Speeches

Human Rights and Oppressed Peoples: Collected Essays and Speeches

The Past as Prologue: Slavery, Colonialism and Modern Human Rights

The article reflects on slavery and colonialism and how both historical crimes affect Africa and its peoples. It argues that the struggle against slavery laid the foundation for the modern human rights movement. The desire to recover the losses suffered from the depredations and plunder of colonialism, in part, shaped the evolution of the right to development. The article calls for reparation for Africa for the damages the continent and its peoples suffered from slavery and colonialism. It argues that the concept of universal human rights is meaningless without some form of atonement for universal human wrongs.

WOMEN’S NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOPOLITICAL ACTIVITY OF WOMEN IN CENTRAL ASIA

The article deals with topical aspects of the activities of women’s non-governmental organizations of Central Asian countries in increasing the socio-political activity of women in the post-Soviet period. The transformation of the women’s human rights movement is revealed, the role and influence of foreign and international institutions in the initiation of the gender issue as an element of the current political agenda of the development of Central Asian states is noted. In accordance with international trends in the development of the non-governmental sector, including in the post-Soviet space, the empowerment of women occupies an important place in the development of local communities in Central Asia. Based on a comparative analysis of foreign and national women’s NGOs, it is concluded that there is an imbalance in the approach to gender issues, which stimulates a consistent departure from Western liberal feminist attitudes to nationally oriented women’s human rights activism. The problems are identified and the contours of the future development of women’s NGOs in the Central Asian states are outlined.

Protection for Marriage and the Family in a German Context: Focusing on the Implications on the Discussion of Same-sex Marriage in South Korea

There has been very little progress in guaranteeing the rights of sexual minorities in South Korea, and the general situation in terms of recognizing same-sex relations is much worse than in the EU or Germany in that the acceptance level is extremely low.
 The issue of same-sex relations, particularly same-sex marriage is a challenge in Korean society. When the political process does not work properly, complex political problems must be solved by means of the judiciary. The judgment of the court appeared as a form of civil discourse linking judicial activism, social movements, and the human rights movement. In this way, the civil discourse regarding law, rights, and justice no longer remains solely in the area of specialists. Judicial judgments initiate democratic communication between the people and the state, without being restricted to simply being the judgment about an individual’s limited interests.
 There is great diversity in modern family structure: heterosexual or same-sex couples who assume responsibility for children in marriages, registered partnerships, or de facto relationships; and children who are conceived naturally or by methods of assisted reproduction, and are related to both, only one or none of the two or more people they are raised by. In general, the concept of family that is protected under the Constitution is difficult to define as a specific family type because the concept of family is constantly changing amid the development of various family forms.
 From the perspective of the evolving concept of family in a German context, differences between Article 119 of the Weimar Constitution and Article 6 GG can be pointed out. Firstly, marriage is no longer seen as the foundation of a family under the concept of family stipulated in Article 6 GG. Equality of both sexes has served to promote equality not only within the institution of marriage but also in society in general, which actually provided steps toward equal marriage rights. Equal marriage rights grant the right to marry to couples in different-sex relationships as well as same-sex relationships.
 The Korean Constitution does not explicitly define the legal concept of marriage. The right to same-sex marriage should be protected as an individual life plan, and lifestyle including marriage or childbirth are respected. A democracy whose aim is to protect diversity should recognize a diversified form of the family. In respecting diversity, same-sex marriage should also be recognized as a minority protection of human rights.

Addressing human rights abuses at mega-sporting events-A shared responsibility in theory and practice.

Mega-sporting events (MSEs) have great potential to promote human rights and be a force for good, not only in the host country or city where the event takes place, but also beyond. At the same time, these events are regularly linked to human rights abuses and this opinion piece provides an overview of MSE-related adverse human rights impacts and discusses how the governance of these events enables these impacts to occur in the context of bidding for, preparing, and delivering these events. At the core of this discussion the paper presents a shared responsibility approach and argues that if applied in a preventative and retrospective way and including the concept of collaborative remedy, it can help address these adverse impacts. This is followed by a reflection on the feasibility of this approach, by considering to what extent current developments in the evolving sport and human rights movement are going in that direction and the paper finishes with a brief discussion on the importance of making the current changes sustainable and how research and education are key elements of this endeavour.

Human Rights and the Status of Children as Victims in the Late Cold War

ABSTRACT This article argues that in the late 1970s the human rights movement recognised children as subjects in their own right, giving them their own voice. The author questions the claims that until recently the dominant view of victims and their suffering was adult-centric and that human rights and humanitarianism were two unrelated paradigms. In studying this process, the author offers a historiographical contribution that centres on the value of children as a way of gaining new insights into the Cold War and history in general.

A game of cat and mouse: Human rights protection and the problem of corporate law and power

AbstractHuman rights violations by corporations are widespread and have a broad spectrum: damage to people’s health through pollution, environmental accidents and health and safety failures, forced labour or child labour, underpaid workers, displaced communities, contaminated water sources, use of excessive force, and discrimination, for example by race, gender or sexuality. Corporate violence, resulting from a long history of corporate power and colonialism continues today as corporations have grown into powerful global conglomerates. Through complex and opaque multinational groups and supply chains, use of corporate law concepts such as the corporate veil, as well as other actions such as tax avoidance and lobbying of national and international political institutions, corporate actors remain free to pursue their goals. Despite efforts to combat corporate harm through the development of a business and human rights movement success has been limited and significant gaps remain in the global governance required to ensure protection. This article argues that, similar to a cat and mouse game, corporations find new ways to defend themselves against those seeking to dismantle their power or to prevent human rights infringements. The problem is rooted in structural and systemic inequalities within the international legal framework and in company laws that maintain corporate structures that obstruct the human rights movement’s progress. The current drive towards a more sustainable business agenda requires a just transition, including transformation of global and corporate structures to tackle human rights violations and the inequalities of power and wealth that facilitate such violations.

The Enforcement of International Human Rights Law: Challenges and Solutions

In recent decades, the rise of human rights principles has attracted the attention of governments, organizations, and scholars worldwide. The expanding institutionalization of human rights has led to the formation of various international human rights laws, ranging from binding treaties to nonbinding declarations at both regional and international levels. However, existing scholarship has demonstrated that all international human rights laws, regardless of their form, have limited capacity for enforcement. Using a systematic review method based on existing literature, governmental articles, and non-governmental organization declarations and publications, this paper determines three primary challenges to the enforcement of international human rights laws: (1) inconsistency between states' agreements and practices, which means symbolic ratification by rights-violating governments; (2) professionalization of human rights movement activities, which may diminish the influence of social movements and result in less commitment and impacts; (3) overextension of movement objectives, which provoke adverse reactions against human rights principles. This paper concludes by providing constructive advice on the implementation of international human rights laws.

On disobedient daughters of perpetrator fathers: ‘Transfilial’ activisms across the Argentine human rights movement

This piece explores why and how the praxis of disobedience, as articulated by the daughters of the perpetrators of state terrorism during Argentina’s last dictatorship (1976–1983), might be read as an instance of queering memory. The analysis focuses on the trajectories of Liliana Furio (a founder member of the Historias Desobedientes collective) and Mariana Dopazo (ex-daughter of one of the dictatorship’s most infamous perpetrators) to illustrate the differing ways in which the mandate of blood has been challenged through public acts of defiliation. Based on our documentary project material, we consider the ways in which the emergence of these disobedient daughters enacts a collective ‘coming out’ and unprecedented disruption of the normative imaginaries of bloodline ties that have traditionally shaped the local aftermath of violence. We argue that their performance of defiliation puts forward a queer arrangement that unsettles the established landscape of human rights activism in Argentina and beyond.

The Legacy of the Human Rights Movement: Prosecutor-General Fritz Bauer on Genocide and Human Rights

The paper is devoted to the legacy of Fritz Bauer — the Prosecutor General of the Land of Hesse in West Germany — and analyzes his understanding of the possibility of building the rule of law in Germany, understanding the criminal past of Germany and realizing the responsibility of the German citizens for the genocide of the Jewish people. Fritz Bauer was one of the most consistent supporters of the criminal prosecution against Nazi criminals in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). In Bauer’s view, the Nuremberg trials were supposed to witness the desire of the German state to restore the rule of law, preserve the memory of millions of victims of Nazism, celebrate the triumph of justice and human rights. In the course of the court proceedings, Fritz Bauer sought to show that millions of German citizens who supported the Hitler regime and shared the ideology of National Socialism were responsible for Nazi atrocities. The merit of Fritz Bauer’s goal was to recognize the Third Reich as an illegitimate State and rehabilitate the participants of the Anti-Hitler Resistance Movement. In his articles and court speeches, Bauer justified the right of citizens to resist the criminal authorities, argued that disobeying criminal orders was the only possible option for lawful behavior in an illegitimate State. Fritz Bauer was convinced that it was possible to prevent the repetition of the past and prevent the neo-Nazis from coming to power only through the democratic education of the younger generation of the Germans, ensuring universal respect for human rights and dignity.

Intergenerational Transmission of Social Movement Activism in Bahrain

This article examines the intergenerational transmission of social movement activism in Bahrain, with a focus on the human rights movement and al-Khawaja family. The research argues that intergenerational transmission and the inheritance of capital, in a family setting, is a vital resource for the local and transnational movement. Specifically, the research investigates multiple generations of activists from the same families to unearth the effects of activism running across the various generations. In alignment with a growing trend in social movement scholarship, the article seeks a better understanding of the effects that authoritarian conditions have on social movements. The research uses a Bourdeusian analytical framework and is based upon sixteen interviews with three different generations of Bahraini human rights activists, retrieving their biographical trajectories. By approaching the intergenerational transmission of social movement activism and the inheritance of capital as constitutive of activists’ radical habitus, this paper demonstrates that the family is a crucial resource for social movements acting within the repressive circumstances of an authoritarian state.

A Study on Rationality of Retaining Death Penalty in China at this Stage

With the development of the international human rights movement and the humanitarian concept, it seems that the abolition of the death penalty has become an inevitable trend of history, however, the author believes that the abstract discussion of whether the death penalty should be abolished has no practical significance. In this paper, the author explores the current situation of China’s death penalty system and the theoretical and legislative disputes about the abolition of the death penalty at home and abroad. It is concluded that China’s retention of the death penalty at this stage is not only basic on utilitarian, retribution, penalty, humanitarian and other theoretical support but also has a very necessary realistic basis. Based on the above discussion, the author proposes some suggestions for the improvement of China’s death penalty system and hopes that those measures could make China’s death penalty system more perfect and that the substantive rights and procedural rights of Chinese condemned criminal can be effectively guaranteed.

An Alternative to the Dissident Paradigm and Intersecting Civil Protests in Soviet Armenia: Equal but Different?

The article analyzes alternative dimensions of dissidence and civil protests in Soviet Armenia, which covers the period from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, from the Khrushchev Thaw to Gorbachev’s Perestroika. Comparative study of the dissident paradigm has political and civilizational significance. The dissident paradigm is precisely associated with the entire human rights movement, and human rights activists were those who were called dissidents. Thanks to them, ideas of an alternative development of Soviet society and public authorities emerged.
 At the present stage, the democratic rights of citizens, for which the intelligentsia and human rights activists fought in the 1960s-1980s, are proclaimed and enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia. But this does not mean that the issue of human rights has been resolved in reality, since in reality human rights are often violated, first of all, by the public authorities themselves. The experience of the first generation of human rights defenders continues to be of interest to numerous committees and commissions advocating respect for the constitutional and legal rights of citizens.
 The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the processes of formation of a democratic society and the rule of law in modern Armenia put forward the task of effectively protecting human rights and freedoms. Given the fact that the recognition of human rights as a basic value was the result of a long evolution of society, it is important to see that their prerequisite was the struggle of the most socially active people for the possibility of civilizational development.

From anti-imperialism to multiculturalism. (Post)-migrant media in postcolonial France

ABSTRACT The paper analyzes how (post)-migrant media outlets discussed the position of (post)-migrant people in France. (Post)-migrant media are periodicals, radio stations, and other forms of media produced by (post)-migrant actors and addressed to them. I argue that changes in the Global Cold War order, French national politics, and social changes in French (post)-migrant communities fostered a transition from anti-imperialist to multicultural understandings of migration in the examined media. The paper shows how these changes affected the experiences and identities of (post)-migrant people and adds a global history perspective to existing explanations about generational change and national political developments. It tracks how (post)-migrant media offered a space to negotiate the position in France against the backdrop of global developments such as the Cold War, decolonization, the disillusion with postcolonial governments, and the rising human rights movement.