White Movement Research Articles

Review: Producers, Parasites, Patriots: Race and the New Right-Wing Politics of Precarity, by Daniel Martinez HoSang and Joseph E. Lowndes

Review: Producers, Parasites, Patriots: Race and the New Right-Wing Politics of Precarity, by Daniel Martinez HoSang and Joseph E. Lowndes

Боевой путь полковника П.Г. Бузуна по источникам личного происхождения.

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of the combat path of the commander of the Alekseyevsky partisan regiment of the Volunteer army P.G. Buzun in 1918–1920, as well as his life during emigration. Despite his significant role in the White movement, little is known about his life. The Colonel did not leave behind memoirs and personal records. On the basis of memoirs of contemporaries, as well as archival documents, an attempt was made to analyze the contribution of P.G. Buzun in the struggle of white troops, contradictory facts of his activities in emigration are established, an attempt is made to reveal the human qualities of the officer and his motivation on the front of the Civil war. In addition, the example of P.G. Buzun shows the difficult life of the white officers after the evacuation from Russia. Methods . The article is based on the application of various research methods. This is a comparative-historical method that traces the typical fate of a white officer who fought under the command of A.I. Denikin and P.N. Wrangel. By using the narrative method, the background and nature of the civil war fighting in the period under review are revealed. The most important is the typological method based on comparison. It helps to identify groups of similar phenomena and processes, which is achieved by schematically displaying concrete historical reality in the form of logical models. The information method allows you to build an event series. The structural method is based on the identification of stable relationships within the system that ensure the preservation of its main properties. In the narrative, events are considered in a broad comparative context of history. Results. This article is based on the memories of P.G. Buzun of his colleagues in the Alekseevsky regiment, information from their descendants, other witnesses, as well as archival data. Significant biographical sketches of the white officer did not exist before. It is assumed that P.G. Buzun participated in the war of independence of Turkey on the side of M. Kemal. Attention is drawn to the activities of the Russian officer in the educational system in the KSCS/Yugoslavia. It is noted that according to Russian sources, there was a misconception that in 1943 P.G. Buzun was killed by Communist partisans from the movement of J.B. Tito. The fact of the death of a soldier in a skirmish with monarchically minded Chetniks is established.

General Diterikhs’ Address to Russian Refugees (Girin, 1923)

This article includes a previously unpublished document, an address to the military officials of the Priamurye Zemstvo Host and civil refugees. The address was written in April 1923 in the Girin camp for Russian internees formed as a result of the White Army’s withdrawal from Primorye to Northeastern China at the end of the Civil War. The address was authored by Lieutenant General M. K. Diterikhs, former head of the last White government in Russia, supreme leader of the Provisional Priamurye Government and the governor of the Zemstvo Host. The original of the address is kept in the Archive of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace (Fund of General P. P. Petrov) at Stanford University. The document reflects Diterikhs’ views on the nature of the Civil War and the prospects of continuing the anti-Bolshevik struggle following the defeat of the White movement. According to the general, the Civil War in Russia had a religious meaning, being a confrontation between the forces of Christ and the Antichrist. Members of the White movement, as well as Russian society as a whole, bore the stamp of the sin of regicide. They opposed the Antichrist power of Bolsheviks only by means of physical force and lost. Meanwhile, the victory over the Soviet regime and the future revival of Russia of Christ was only considered possible through the spiritual unification of all opponents of the Antichrist and the creation of an anti-Bolshevik Brotherhood in Christ.

Accelerators, Amplifiers, and Conductors: A Model of Tertiary Deviance in Online White Supremacist Networks

ABSTRACT As recent perpetrators of racially-motivated mass-shootings were visitors and contributors to online white supremacist networks, this article presents a preliminary model that attempts to understand the social psychological effects of interacting in these networks. Combining Jonathan Turner’s theory of the social psychological roots of extreme violence, scholarship on the white supremacist movement, and research on computer-mediated communication, it suggests that interactions in online white supremacist networks accelerate the conversion from secondary to tertiary deviance, amplify the negative emotional energy released by this conversion, and, under certain conditions, transform this energy into a violent kinetic force. The model is not unique to online white supremacist networks and will hopefully guide research in other types of networks as well.

Yuzhnorusskoe Beloe dvizhenie i Pol'sha v gody Grazhdanskoj vojny (1919—1920 gg.)

Yuzhnorusskoe Beloe dvizhenie i Pol'sha v gody Grazhdanskoj vojny (1919—1920 gg.)

«В трудную минуту спасает исключительно дисциплина»: малоизвестные статьи В.В. Шульгина из газеты «Единая Русь» (Одесса, январь 1920 года)

The publicistic legacy of the prominent politician and writer V.V. Shulgin is still insufficiently studied. His articles published in 1920 in Odessa journal “United Russia” haven’t been reissued since then. In the beginning of the 1920-ies Shulgin tried to organize in Odessa volunteer “Special task force” that would be free from the sins that had affected the members of the White Movement. And though the “Task Force” didn’t manage to improve the situation it still played a very important role in the period of evacuation in Odessa. The author of the present article quotes Shulgin’s complete text and relates the circumstances of publishing those three articles where Shulgin disclosed the main causes of the defeat of the White Movement, outlined the ways of overcoming the crisis and advocated organizing new volunteer forces.

An Anti-Bolshevik Alternative: The White Movement and the Civil War in the Russian North. By Liudmila Novikova. Translated by Seth Bernstein.Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. Pp. xvi+324. $79.95.

<i>An Anti-Bolshevik Alternative: The White Movement and the Civil War in the Russian North</i>. By Liudmila Novikova. Translated by Seth Bernstein.Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2018. Pp. xvi+324. $79.95.

Liudmila Novikova. An Anti-Bolshevik Alternative: The White Movement and the Civil War in the Russian North.

Liudmila Novikova. An Anti-Bolshevik Alternative: The White Movement and the Civil War in the Russian North.

The former chief of P. N. Wrangel’ staff P. S. Makhrov on the Red Army campaign to Western Ukraine and Western Belarus in 1939

The memoirs of general P. S. Makhrov are devoted to the events of 1939 and the campaign of the Red army in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Pyotr Semyonovich Makhrov was a General staff officer, participant of the Russian-Japanese war, World War I, and the Russian Civil war. In 1918, Makhrov lived in Ukraine, and in 1919-1920 he took part in the White movement in Southern Russia, after which he emigrated. In exile he lived in France, where he wrote his extensive memoirs. The events of September 1939 could not pass past his attention. At that time, the Red army committed approach in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Contrary to the widespread Anti-Sovietism among the white emigrants, Makhrov perceived the incident with enthusiasm as a return of Russia to its ancestral lands occupied by the Poles.

«Демократ по недоразумению»: политическая деятельность А.В. Карташева в годы Гражданской войны

The article focuses on the analysis of political activity of the outstanding theologian Anton Kartashev during the Russian Civil War. Being a member of the Central Committee of the Constitutional Democratic Party and an active member of the All-Russian National Center, he played a significant role in the organization of the White movement in Northwestern Russia. The article covers in detail his activities in the Political Conference under General Nikolai Yudenich and reveals his role in the recognition of independence of Finland and Estonia. The author considers A. Kartashev’s personal qualities which prevented him from becoming a true leader of the antiBolshevik movement. Defending the principle of military dictatorship, during the Civil War Anton Kartashev evolved from Christian liberalism into Orthodox conservative beliefs.

Priest Vladimir Vostokov - Member of the White Movement and Founder of the Brotherhood of the Life-Giving Cross

Priest Vladimir Vostokov - Member of the White Movement and Founder of the Brotherhood of the Life-Giving Cross

South-Eastern Russian Church Council in 1919 in light of the legacy of the All-Russian Local Council of 1917–1918

The article is devoted to identifying the place of the South-Eastern Russian Church Council of 1919 in the social and church life during the period of the Russian Civil War. The author notes a significant increase in public and scientific interest in its legacy in recent years, explained, in particular, by the awareness of the Southern Russian Council with the Sacred Local Council of 1917–1918, which can be traced in the article. The processes that took place during this period in Russian Orthodoxy must be considered as a council-centric process, of which the South-Eastern Council was also a part. The Council sought to preserve both the conciliar character of solving Church problems, which had just been restored at the Local Council, and the approach to finding ways to develop Church life, which released the accumulated huge creative potential of the Church people. The continuity of the issues raised, as well as the procedural and structural relationships between the two Councils is traced in the article. The Southern Russian Council sought to continue the work of the Local Council on administrative and territorial changes in the dioceses (in this case, the South of Russia under its control), and tried to implement the parish charter. The South-Eastern Council is also interesting because it was the first experience of determining the position of the Church in the socio-political space of the White South, against the background of a complex political struggle, even in the camp of the White movement itself. While maintaining the priority of moral values, the South-Eastern Council sought to distance itself from the political struggle. However, in its proclamations, the Council certainly condemned the civil conflict and revolution, which it saw as a reflection of the moral decay of society.

Pyotr S. Makhrov. The Civil War in Ukraine

The material is a publication of an annotated excerpt from the memoirs of General Pyotr Semyonovich Makhrov about the events of the Civil War in Ukraine from the autumn of 1918 to the winter of 1919. The manuscript of Makhrov’s memoirs is kept in the Bakhmetev archive of Columbia University in the USA. This valuable testimony of an informed contemporary of crucial historical events is an important source on the history of the First World War, the Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, and Russian mili- tary emigration, and covers the period from the late nineteenth century to the fi rst half of the twentieth century. Makhrov was an offi cer of the Russian army, a graduate of the Nicholas General Staff Academy, a man of liberal views, and brilliantly wielded a pen. In 1918, Makhrov lived in Ukraine in Poltava and was an eyewitness to a series of sig- nifi cant events, including several changes of power. The memoir covers in detail the life of Ukraine under Hetman Pavlo P. Skoropadsky, the German occupation, the anti-Hetman uprising, the fall of the Hetmanate, the rampant ataman, and the establishment of the power of the Directory of Ukrainian People’s Republic in late 1918. The memoirs represent the view of a military man who was critical of the new Ukrainian state and was focused on the ideology of the White movement. Much attention is paid to the be- haviour of offi cers in the varied conditions of independent Ukraine and in its collapse.

Планы белых правительств по правовому регулированию государственного строительства, экономики и социальных отношений в годы Гражданской войны в России

The main components of state-building programs and legal regulation of the socio-economic sphere of white governments at various stages of the Russian civil war are deal. The stages of the white movement, starting from the origin of its political and legal forms, are identified and their main content is presented. It is noted that the prehistory of the civil war was associated with the birth of the white movement, which was expressed in the revolt of General L. Kornilov, directed against bolsheviks extremism and the inaction of the left parties in strengthening the Russian state. How the growing influence of the bolsheviks in society and the inability of the Provisional government in the questions of public administration to meet the challenges of the time caused the movement of "autonomism" and "samostiynost" in Ukraine, Siberia, the cossacks regions and other regions on the outskirts of the former Russian Empire, within which the first state forms of the white movement were formed is analyzes. It is indicated that in the summer and autumn of 1918 under the leadership of left-wing parties in the Volga region, Siberia, the Northern region and the Far East, anti-soviet state entities were created, whose governments tried to continue the policy of the Vremennyy government under the slogan of the Constituent Assembly, which did not meet to the heat of socio-political confrontation and growing legal nihilism in society, which led to their collapse. It is determined that from December 1918 to June 1919 there was the highest rise of anti-soviet state construction, carried out under the leadership of the military leaders of the white movement. In this period government of the so-called "democratic counter-revolution", who tried to create an all-Russian authority of anti-soviet power in the person of the Directory, were forced to give way to the governments of "military dictatorships". It is revealed that the second half of 1919 and the subsequent period is associated with the collapse of anti-bolshevik state formations caused by military failures. It is concluded that these failures were due to the inadequacy of land and labor legislation, which did not meet the urgent interests of the general public, which formed the main contingent of the white armies. The article was carried out under the RFBR grant No. 20-011-00347 for 2020.

«Печатное слово приобретало все большее значение…»

The author of the article reviewed the totality of certain historical, political, general cultural factors that influenced the processes of Russian-Finnish interaction, which influenced on the processes of Russian-Finnish interaction, as well as the formation and existence of the Russian-language press in the Grand Duchy of Finland. The study of the number of selected episodes from the history of Russian-language periodicals of the late XIX – early XX centuries gives reasons to conclude that it was during this period that the printed word became increasingly important for the formation of socio-political, national-patriotic, general cultural sentiments in both Russian and Finnish society. The positions of the three reviewed periodicals are different both in their dominant ideological attitudes and in the readership. The pro-government Finnish newspaper (editor: lawyer, monarchist Ivan Bazhenov) being the official mouthpiece of the targeted nationalist russification policy of tsarism, appeals to the entire population of the Grand Duchy. The liberal “Russian voice” (editor: liberal professor Konstantin Arabazhin) advocates for the humanitarian values, the unity of nations based on common material, spiritual, cultural and legal interests; her readers are mostly Russian intelligentsia. The radical “Days of our life” (editor: member of the White movement, the poet of the “white idea” Ivan Savin), on the one hand, deny all the gains of the Russian Revolution and sharply criticize inactive “fathers-emigrants”, on the other hand, they utopianly rely on the coming consolidation of the youth “scattering” in the struggle against Bolshevism, not only in word but in deed; its addressee is Russian emigration, mainly youth.

“GENERALS DON’T CRY...”: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE REASONS FOR THE DEFEAT OF THE WHITE MOVEMENT

Purpose of study: The purpose of this research is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the military-strategic, ideological and theoretical, foreign policy and socioeconomic reasons for the defeat of the White movement.&#x0D; Methodology: The methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity with the involvement of archival material, documentary sources, memoirs and biographical literature.&#x0D; Result: The main message of the article is to show the lack of unanimity and coordination in the actions of the internal and external forces of counter-revolution during the Russian Civil War. Significant attention is paid to the characterization and estimation of the military and ideological leaders of the counter-revolution, such as A.I. Denikin, P.N. Wrangel, I.P. Romanovsky and G.V. Florovsky, V.V. Shulgin.&#x0D; Originality/Novelty: The authors conclude by defining the main peculiarities of the historical development of Russia which contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War and led to the complete failure of the White Guard.

Participation of Britain and its role in the elaboration of the London Inter-Allied Conference’s decisions on the “Russian question” (December 11-13, 1919)

The London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" (December 11-13, 1919) is rarely mentioned by historians, but a landmark event in the history of British participation in foreign intervention in Russia - and in a broad sense an interesting phenomenon in world history. During the Conference in London participants - Britain, Italy, USA, France and Japan - discussed the future of the intervention and in general a new foreign policy strategy regarding Russia in the context of the evident Bolsheviks’ victory in the Civil War and the formation of a new system of international relations after the First World War, in which it was necessary to determine the position of Russia. The approaches and methods adopted in London, as practice shows, seem to be currently relevant. The purpose of this article is to analyze the participation of Britain and determine its role in the development of decisions of the London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" on the basis of previously uninvolved documents of the Cabinet of Ministers and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as well as sources of personal origin. The decisions of the London Conference on the "Russian question" put an end to largescale military assistance to the White movement and thus contributed to the end of the Russian Civil War. The British government played a key role in producing the decisions of the London Conference. The Government had prepared thoroughly for the Conference and had proposed its draft decisions.

«Власть должна верить в себя»: малоизвестные статьи П.Б. Струве периода Гражданской войны

The publicistic works of the Russian economist, philosopher, historian and politician P.B. Struve, written in the autumn of 1919, while he resided in the territory of southern Russia under the control of White forces, has practically not been studied. On his arrival from France to Rostov-on-Don and appointment as editor-in chief of “Great Russia”journal, Struve became one of the prominent masterminds of Russian nationalism and ardent propagandists of the military dictatorial regime. In his articles published in “Great Russia” journal he expressed his understanding of bolshevism and the specific features of the Civil War, described the measures necessary for the victory of the White movement, explained how the “public” should carry on under current conditions. The authors of the publication present here the full text of the five article by Struve and also describe circumstances under which those articles were written.

SENSORY VOCABULARY OF THE ENGLISH, UKRAINIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES: SEMANTIC DERIVATION IN THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM, LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECTS. Article 3

The sensory vocabulary considered in our study (in a cycle of three articles) are English, Ukrainian and Russian adjectives, verbalizing quanta of sensory information. Such quanta include sensations obtained through the channels of two modalities: a gustotory one (sense of taste) and visual, namely coloristic one (color perception). Adjectives of the gustotory and color semantics demonstrate the great potential of semantic derivation in the process of language development. In the framework of this publication, evaluative, metaphorical and symbolic motivation of the semantic expansion of the corresponding words is considered in the cultural, psycholinguistic and cognitive perspectives.The gustotory code of human perception and verbal designation of the world correlates with the basic, “physiological needs” of a person (according to Maslow), in particular with the needs for food and drink. In addition, taste sensations, according to physiologists, arise first in the process of ontogenesis of a person, and subsequently quite clearly correlate with the assessment of tasty / tasteless. The combination of these two factors is an explanation of why the units of this microgroup in all three languages turn out to be homogeneously (100%) polysemantic and evaluatively connotated, mainly with a negative evaluation, which coincides in all languages. The coloristic code is less homogeneous, not all units of this microgroup are polysemants, and the evaluation of derived units varies from a sign (+) to a sign (-) and from language to language. The metaphoric quality of English, Ukrainian and Russian lexical units, which first meaning is color, is not as comprehensive as that of the units of taste semantics, and quite variegated from language to language. The search for metaphorical motivation in the development of semantics of sensory adjectives is of considerable complexity, motivation is often obscured. An exceptional feature of coloristic adjectives is an increase in their polysemy due to the appearance of a sememe with symbolic semantics. Dictionaries record a few cases of such units. In our sample, they form opposing pairs to denote opposed political forces or movements. These are the colors red VS white (red movement VS white movement in the 1917 revolution in Russia) and red VS blue (red states VS blue states in the political life of modern USA).

Al-Sharqawy’s Al-Ardd (The Land): An Ecocritical Exploration in Arabic Literature: A Cultural Approach

The whole village feared the new road that will swallow the land they had; the land that represents all of yesterday, today and the whole future. (Al-Ardd 86) It has been four years now since Nadine A. Sinno in her article, “The Greening of Modern Arabic Literature: An Ecological Interpretation of Two Contemporary Arabic Novels” called for a “project of incorporating Arab voices … in eco-critical studies” because, “the inclusive and embracing nature of the field (eco-criticism)—in addition to the rising significance of global environment concerns today—make it valid and even necessary for international scholars, including Arab scholars, to contribute to the growing eco-criticism discourse”(125). Similarly, Cheryll Glotfelty in The Ecocriticism Reader believed that “Eco-criticism has been predominantly a white movement. It will become a multi-ethnic movement when stronger connections are made between the environment and issues of social justice, and when a diversity of voices are to contribute to the discussion” (xxv). Ethnic authors and texts from non-western cultures are to share in this “global dialogue” and in fact, Arabic Literature is abundant in works which can be read through the lens of ecocriticism.