Movement Of Back Research Articles

Can they touch? A novel mental motor imagery task for the assessment of back pain.

As motor imagery is informed by the anticipated sensory consequences of action, including pain, we reasoned that motor imagery could provide a useful indicator of chronic back pain. We tested the hypothesis that mental motor imagery regarding body movements can provide a reliable assessment of low back pain. Eighty-five subjects with back pain and forty-five age-matched controls were shown two names of body parts and asked to indicate if they could imagine moving so that the named body parts touched. Three types of imagined movements were interrogated: movements of arms, movements of legs and movements requiring flexion and/or rotation of the low back. Accuracy and reaction times were measured. Subjects with back pain were less likely to indicate that they could touch body parts than age-matched controls. The effect was observed only for those movements that required movement of the low back or legs, suggesting that the effect was not attributable to task difficulty or non-specific effects. There was an effect of pain severity. Compared to subjects with mild pain, subjects with severe pain were significantly less likely to indicate that they could move so that named body parts touched. There was a correlation between pain ratings and impaired performance for stimuli that involved the lower but not upper body. As the Can They Touch task is quick, easy to administer and does not require an explicit judgment of pain severity, it may provide useful information to supplement the assessment of subjects with chronic pain.

Quantitation of Body Movement in a Motor Physical Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease

The present work shows the quantitation of body movement in a motor physical therapy for Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In recent years, many activities of therapy were carried out remotely using common RGB cameras to capture the body movements. We analyze the body movements of 8 subjects with clinical diagnosis of PD, and compare them with a control group of 11 healthy volunteers, processing their respective RGB video recordings with a software that identifies 17 specific body keypoints while subjects perform two motor rehabilitation therapies (cervical and lumbar spine). All videos were analyzed by OpenPose algorithm and angles from keypoints detected were computed to infer the rotation, rate and amplitude of movement of head, shoulder, back and pelvis. The results show that OpenPose algorithm could be used in a home environment specially in follow-up and management of the motor rehabilitation therapy for Parkinson’s disease.

Does the osteopathic pedal pump reduce lower limb volume in healthy subjects?

Lymphatic treatments are gentle and passive techniques believed to enhance movement of lymph back into the central circulatory system. Animal studies provide supportive evidence, yet there are few studies in humans. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the osteopathic pedal pump protocol reduces volume in the lower limbs of healthy subjects. A total of 30 first- and second-year medical students were recruited. Subjects were excluded from participating if they had acute asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure, active infections, fractures of the lower extremities, or metastatic cancer. A within-subjects study design with pre- and posttreatment measurement of lower limb volume was utilized. Pretreatment lower limb volume measurements were obtained utilizing a volumetric water gauge prior tomyofascial thoracic inlet release anda 5min pedal lymphatic pump protocol treatment. Posttreatment lower limb measurements were taken immediately following the protocol treatment. A telephone interview was conducted 2-3days after the treatment to assess the participants' experience of the treatment and whether the treatment elicited a subjective change from baseline. A paired t test was utilized to determine the statistical significance of volume displacement posttreatment. The mean change of pretreatment to posttreatment lower limb volume was-45.63mL with a standard deviation of 37.65mL. The change between the pretreatment and posttreatment volume measurements was statistically significant (p<0.001). The minimum displacement was+19mL, and the maximum displacement was-167mL. The majority of participants perceived the treatment as effective and enjoyable, were likely to recommend it to others, and were willing to have it performed on them at routine office visits if there was a need. The osteopathic pedal pump technique, when utilized on those without leg lymphedema, reduces lower limb volume as measured by the volumetric water gauge. Further studies are warranted, especially in persons with excess lower-extremity edema, lymphedema or venous stasis.

“Finnish”-Saami Flood in the Toponymy of Karelia and Russian North

The article analyzes four toponymic stems with the meaning of ‘flood, overflow of water’ that have Balto-Fennic and — more broadly — Finno-Ugric origins and are attested in the toponymy of Karelia, as well as beyond its southeastern borders — in the Russian North. The materials were retrieved from of the Card index of toponyms of Karelia and adjacent regions, as well as the Toponymic card index of the Ural University (data related to Russian North). By virtue of semantics, the toponymic stems under consideration primarily occur in the names of water bodies, as well as flood lands. The analysis shows that all stems have verbal nature and thus are deverbal names. For two of them (Tulv- and Pais-/Paiž-) etymons (tulva, paise) are found in modern Balto-Fennic languages. For the third stem — Kost- (Kosht-, Kust-, Kusht-), which is traditionally associated with Balto-Fennic adjective kostea ‘wet,’ the author suggests the possibility of a ‘flood’-related interpretation. This proceeds, on the one hand, from the fact that the waterlogged places during the flood can be characterized as damp, wet, on the other hand, from the meaning of return movement inherent in the verbal stem kosta-. The latter reflects the characteristic movement of water back and forth. Finally, the fourth toponymic stem is based on the Saami linguistic data and their proto-linguistic reconstruction *pēnte- ‘overflow, rise (about the water level)’ which is presumably present in a number of place names. The analysis makes it possible to revise or at least offer new possibilities for the etymological interpretation of some landscape terms (e.g. pendus), as well as toponymic stems that are substratal for the Russian North and toponyms formed from them (Kushta, Pazha, Pindusha). It ultimately advances us in our search for the origins of the substrate toponymy of the Russian North.

BACK TO THE USSR, ИЛИ ИГРЫ КВАЗИ-ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ: ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ПОЗДНЕСОВЕТСКОМ ДЕТСТВЕ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИЙСКОЙ МАССОВОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ

At the turn of the 2010s, one more plot, which implies the physical movement of the protagonist back in time in order to change the past, has begun to be actively developed in modern Russian science fiction — a return to the USSR, and not to the years of the Great Patriotic War, where the first authors of current alternative science fiction sent their heroes, but to the much more peaceful years of “zastoy”, in the late Soviet Union of Brezhnev times. In many works, the hero, during such a transfer, ends up in a child’s body and thereby is forced to live through late Soviet childhood — the way the author depicts it. In most works of this kind, this late-Soviet childhood is endowed with unconditionally positive characteristics, and this circumstance prompts an attempt to study the social basis of such works: one can often come across the opinion that such an interpretation implies a collective, albeit commercialized, nostalgia, but, given that the authors of these works, as a rule, already belong to the post-Soviet generation, other mechanisms of commemoration seem to be at work here. Using the methodology of memory studies, the article substantiates the need for closer research attention to the products of modern popular culture as potentially effective ways of imagining the past.

Latitudinal variations in the nocturnal behaviour of OI 630 nm airglow emissions and their relationship with equatorial electrodynamics

Airglow emissions from the thermosphere act as tracers of the behaviour of the upper atmosphere. OI 630 nm nightglow emissions that originate from an altitude of around 250 km in the thermosphere have been investigated using a large field-of-view ground-based optical spectrograph from Mt. Abu (24.6°N, 72.7°E, 19°N Mag.), a low-latitudinal location in India. The latitudinal movement of the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in both poleward in the evening and equatorward in the night has been reported using the OI 630 nm nightglow emissions. The EIA crest is found to shift away from the equator after the sunset, which has been shown to be directly related to the strength of the twilighttime equatorial electrodynamics. Later in the night, after 20 LT, a clear movement of the crest back towards the equator, known as the reversal of EIA, has been observed. The speeds of the EIA reversals for forty nights in the years 2014 and 2015 have been obtained and are found to be in the range of 10–55 ms−1. As the global equatorial electric fields (E) are irrotational in nature (∇×E=0), simultaneous variations in the daytime electrojet strength over Jicamarca in the American sector have been compared with the nighttime reversal speeds of the EIA over the Indian sector, which show a remarkable relationship with each other. Thus, it is hereby demonstrated that the reversal in EIA as inferred by the OI 630 nm nightglow emissions in our measurements is due to the westward equatorial electric field. It is hereby proposed that the reversal speed derived from optical nightglow measurements can serve as a proxy for the determination of westward electric field over equator for that longitude sector.

Kinematic Compatible Design and Analysis of a Back Exoskeleton via a Hyper Redundant Hybrid Mechanism

Back exoskeletons can reduce low-back pain and injury for workers engaged in manual handling operations. However, conventional back exoskeletons are incompatible with human trunk kinematics, arousing uncomfortable human-exoskeleton interaction and limiting natural human movement. This article proposes a novel back exoskeleton design to solve this problem. A hyper redundant hybrid mechanism is synthesized as the exoskeleton mechanism to be compatible with the multi-DOF anatomy of the human spine. We establish the kinematic model of the coupled human-exoskeleton system and analyze the kinematic incompatibility problem. The movement of the human back is characterized by a multi-joint lumbar spine combined with a rigid thoracic spine. The proposed back exoskeleton is composed sequentially of five six-DOF passive parallel mechanisms with one cable actuation, generating active assistance in the sagittal plane and passive assistance in the coronal and transverse planes. The kinetics of the coupled human-exoskeleton system is analyzed to show effective assistance. Experimental tests on kinematic compatibility are finally implemented to demonstrate that the proposed exoskeleton allows the wearer to perform natural movements in all directions with large ranges of motion.

Природа насильства та роль пропаганди у сучасних демократичних державах

The distinction between categories of violence and aggression is determined. Violence can be called the beginning of aggression, or rather aggression in the unity of the two meanings of this concept: first, as the historical starting point of the phenomenon of aggression and secondly, as the basis of the main cause of aggression. It is established that the starting point of aggression, some researchers take out of society, into biological nature. Others believe that human aggression is caused by social circumstances. It was pointed out that violence and aggression, on the one hand, can be forms of self-defense (benign aggression), and on the other - can take an offensive, aggressive form (malignant aggression). The logical categories outline the amounts of violence and aggression that intersect when both phenomena have a clearly understood purpose in its negative manifestations. The boundaries of the concept of violence are set by the target, and the boundaries of the concept of aggression are more blurred, because they include many spontaneous and targeted acts of a negative nature, conscious and unconscious, overt and covert. The concept of aggression is quite destructive and destructive, which cannot be said of violence, which is often committed with positive motives and has positive consequences. And in this regard, violence can be considered any act of a coercive nature, carried out against the will of the object to which this action is applied. That is why the concept of violence is logically broader than the concept of aggression. The problem of legitimacy and illegitimacy of violence is studied. The legal solution to this problem is inseparable from its moral solution. What is good for some, others perceive as evil that must be fought, including - equivalent methods to the subjugation or even elimination of the enemy. The contradiction in this regard in any society is that one part of it accepts the right to legitimate violence, while the other categorically denies even the very idea of its use, although such a measure would seem quite adequate and equivalent, and most importantly – fair. It is proved that since alienation is first of all alienation of man from his essence, the inadequacy of the reaction to injustice and alienation is that one way or another, but in this case it is as if the movement of man back - in biological form, where human freedom understood as unbridled arbitrariness, revenge and cruelty. It is noted that modern democracies are not completely free from propaganda. As a result – violent, sometimes aggressive manipulation of people's freedom, control over information and restrictions of an open society, which as a result contradicts the very idea of democracy.

New method of Le Fort I osteotomy with increased stability.

Backsliding is a major problem when moving the maxilla significantly forward in orthognathic surgery. For example, in sleep surgery, maxillomandibular advancement is an application of orthognathic surgery, and it is well known that the anterior movement of the maxilla back and forth is an important factor that greatly widens the pharyngeal airway. However, postoperative backsliding is a major problem in this surgery. Therefore, a surgical method was devised to prevent the maxilla from retracting by adjusting the bone when moving the maxilla forward.

Biogenesis of the Spacious Coxiella-Containing Vacuole Depends on Host Transcription Factors TFEB and TFE3.

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen that replicates inside the lysosome-derived Coxiella-containing vacuole (CCV). To establish this unique niche, C. burnetii requires the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate a cohort of effector proteins into the host cell, which modulate multiple cellular processes. To characterize the host-pathogen interactions that occur during C. burnetii infection, stable-isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics was used to identify changes in the host proteome during infection of a human-derived macrophage cell line. These data revealed that the abundances of many proteins involved in host cell autophagy and lysosome biogenesis were increased in infected cells. Thus, the role of the host transcription factors TFEB and TFE3, which regulate the expression of a network of genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, were examined in the context of C. burnetii infection. During infection with C. burnetii, both TFEB and TFE3 were activated, as demonstrated by the transport of these proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The nuclear translocation of these transcription factors was shown to be dependent on the T4SS, as a Dot/Icm mutant showed reduced nuclear translocation of TFEB and TFE3. This was supported by the observation that blocking bacterial translation with chloramphenicol resulted in the movement of TFEB and TFE3 back into the cytoplasm. Silencing of the TFEB and TFE3 genes, alone or in combination, significantly reduced the size of the CCV, which indicates that these host transcription factors facilitate the expansion and maintenance of the organelle that supports C. burnetii intracellular replication.

An Improved Classic Washout Algorithm Based on Tilted Coordinated Channel for Ship Motion Simulator

The motion washout aims to bring the actual movement of the ship back to motion simulator, and to provide as real motion as possible in the limited space of the simulator. The difficulty of the classic washout algorithm lies in the choice of filter parameters. If the parameters are too small, the effect of the simulation will not be achieved, and if the parameters are too large, the effect of the simulated continuous acceleration will be reduced, resulting in false intimation. This paper redesigned the tilt coordination channel to match the effects of simulating sustained acceleration and the reduce false intimation.

Assessment of Driver’s Drowsiness Based on Fractal Dimensional Analysis of Sitting and Back Pressure Measurements

The most effective way of preventing motor vehicle accidents caused by drowsy driving is through a better understanding of drowsiness itself. Prior research on the detection of symptoms of drowsy driving has offered insights on providing drivers with advance warning of an elevated risk of crash. The present study measured back and sitting pressures during a simulated driving task under both high and low arousal conditions. Fluctuation of time series of center of pressure (COP) movement of back and sitting pressure was observed to possess a fractal property. The fractal dimensions were calculated to compare the high and low arousal conditions. The results showed that under low arousal (the drowsiness state) the fractal dimension was significantly lower than what was calculated with high arousal. Accumulated drowsiness thus contributed to the loss of self-similarity and unpredictability of time series of back and sitting pressure measurement. Drowsiness further reduces the complexity of the posture control system as viewed from back and sitting pressure. Thus, fractal dimension is a necessary and sufficient condition of a decreased arousal level. It further is a necessary condition for detecting the interval or point in time with high risk of crash.

Design of Classical Washout Algorithm for Six Degree of Freedom Ship Motion Simulator

The motion washout aims to bring the actual movement of the ship back to the six degree of freedom motion simulator, and to provide as real motion as possible in the limited space of the simulator. The emphasis of the classic washout algorithm lies in the choice of parameters. This paper analyzes the time domain response of the filter and combines the platform motion range with the human sensory system threshold to impose performance requirements on the system. To optimize the parameter selection according to the system performance, and get a good result of motion washout.

Use of a nasopharyngeal cannula as a skin protector during lipoaspiration

Lipoaspiration is the most commonly practiced cosmetic procedure in the world. It provides both metabolic and aesthetic benefits, while avoiding the invasiveness of body-contouring surgery. However, it carries the risk of complications, the most common of which relate to the repetitive movement of the liposuction cannula back and forth causing friction burns of the skin at the access sites, cutaneous hyperpigmentation or necrosis. To avoid this distressing complication, we describe the use of a nasopharyngeal cannula fashioned into 15–20 mm long pieces and inserted into the access sites to protect the skin from the back and forth movement of the liposuction cannula.

Procedural improvisation to prevent guidewire kinking in Griggs percutaneous tracheostomy without bronchoscopic guidance.

Sir, We read with great interest the case report titled, “Inadvertent migration of guidewire into Murphy's eye of endotracheal tube during percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy” by Binita et al.[1] We wish to highlight procedural modification we are doing in our Intensive Care Unit to tackle such inadvertent complication. We agree with the authors that migration of guidewire into the Murphy's eye of endotracheal tube during percutaneous tracheostomy without bronchoscopic guidance is a rare complication, which we also encounter rarely but we follow a procedural improvisation by ensuring free movement of guidewire back and forth at each step, thus ensuring proper placement of guidewire. In case of guidewire inside the Murphy's eye, there will be kinking of guidewire after dilatation with metal/plastic dilator, thus the free back and forth movement of the guidewire will not be appreciated, or in other words, if the free movement of guidewire not felt, a possible diagnosis of guidewire kinking is made. In our case series of 300 cases of percutaneous tracheostomy without bronchoscopic guidance, we had 18 cases where guidewire got kinked, hampering the free back and forth movement during the procedure.[2] We removed the guidewire and again a fresh puncture of trachea done to complete the procedure. Few possible reasons for guidewire kinking are such as cephalic migration or migration into the Murphy's eye or false passage can be easily diagnosed and rectified by ensuring the free back and forth movement of guidewire during each step of the procedure. In our case series, we have highlighted two important steps:First one by withdrawing of the endotracheal tube with inflated cuff while monitoring expired tidal volume on ventilator and the second one by ensuring free mobility of guidewire during each step of the procedure, thereby ensuring a safe placement of the tracheostomy tube in trachea. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Poetic Justice: An Interpretation of Lawyers’ Reactions to Verse Judgments

This article offers an interpretation of lawyers’ reactions to verse judgments, being judicial decisions rendered in rhymed poetry form. While, in recent history, there has been an unexplained break in the close historical connection between poetry and law, some judges nevertheless continue to render their judicial decisions in verse. This has met strong criticism from fellow judges, inevitably, but also from lawyers. However, there is no evidence in academic writing of anyone attempting to explain why lawyers are having these reactions. Endeavouring to fill that void, this research employs hermeneutics to offer an interpretation of lawyers’ reactions to verse judgments. The article analyses the varied opinions uncovered in five qualitative interviews with lawyers of different backgrounds, and contends that a movement of poetry back towards its utilitarian origins would see lawyers change their reaction to verse judgments, instead viewing them as an appropriate form of judicial expression.

Study on Variable Rotation Polishing Method in Chemical Mechanical Polishing Process

Variable rotation polishing method has been studied to improve performance for the next generation wafer size of 450 mm in Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) technology. This method adds the backward rotation of a polishing platen against the only forward rotation, i.e. the conventional polishing. Polishing slurry could be more efficiently supplied into the center area of the larger wafer due to the backward rotation of the platen. Material removal rate at the condition the backward rotation experimentally became 38% higher in comparison with only forward rotation. In this case, slurry film thickness of the Variable Rotation Polishing (VRP) method was slightly thinner than that of conventional rotation. Next, the asperities of polishing pad surfaces were evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. The higher material removal rates would also be achieved by the movement of the asperity bending back and forth direction on the polishing pad surface during the forward and backward rotation of the platen. These observed polishing pad surfaces indicated that the asperity preservation on the polishing pad is one of dominant parameters to improve the material removal rate of wafer surface in CMP process.

Party Politics, Governors, and Economic Policy

In this article, we evaluate the role of elections in governors' state tax policy making. Does it matter for state taxes whether the governor is a Democrat or Republican and whether she is eligible for re‐election or faces a binding term limit? Using a Regression Discontinuity Design and a panel of U.S. states, we find that the manner in which governors of different parties implement different tax policies turns crucially on the incumbent's eligibility for re‐election. Re‐electable Democratic governors increase income taxes relative to similarly situated Republicans, yielding divergence between party policy positions. However, governors facing a binding term limit exhibit the reverse policy difference, resulting in a movement of policy back together.

Endoscopic Removal of Brunnerʼs Gland Hamartomas with the Aid of Endoscopic Ultrasound: A Case Series

Purpose: Case 1: 36-year-old man presented with 8 months of intermittent nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and a 30-pound weight loss. EGD revealed a large, sessile lipoma-like mass in the duodenal bulb. EUS was not useful due to movement of the mass back and forth within the distal duodenum. The mass was injected with epinephrine and removed with a hot snare; Roth basket was used for retrieval. Two clips were placed at the resection site with no evidence of bleeding or perforation. Pathology revealed a Brunner's Gland hamartoma (BGH) that measured 2.6 cm in greatest dimension. Case 2: 59-year-old woman presented with a long history of intermittent epigastric pain, postprandial nausea and a 15-pound weight loss over several months. EGD with EUS revealed a 4 cm heterogeneous, pedunculated mass in the duodenal bulb arising from both deep mucosa and submucosa. The mass ball-valved into the antrum, intermittently obstructing the pylorus. The mass was injected with epinephrine and removed with a hot snare; Roth basket was used for retrieval. The site was clipped without complication. Pathology was diagnostic and revealed a BGH measuring 4 cm. Case 3: 43-year-old man presented with 7 months of reflux without nausea or vomiting and intermittent melena after treatment for H. pylori. He had a 40-pound weight gain. EGD/EUS revealed a lobulated, pedunculated polypoid mass in the apex of the duodenal bulb which originated from the submucosa. Ulceration was noted on the underside of the lipoma-like mass, and it was removed with a hot snare. A clip was placed for minimal oozing after resection. Pathology revealed a 3 cm BGH. Discussion: A number of reports describing the removal of BGH by endoscopy have been published. We report the second series of endoscopic resection of BGH with EUS. Brunner's Glands are in highest concentration in the duodenal bulb and secrete alkaline substances in response to acid. Adenomas arising from these glands are referred to as Brunner's Gland hamartoma, Brunner's Gland hyperplasia or Brunneroma. Larger lesions can cause abdominal pain, bleeding and intermittent obstruction with nausea, vomiting or bloating. Options for removal include surgical resection or endoscopic polypectomy. Biopsies taken during EGD are often normal because normal mucosa overlies the hyperplasia. More recently, EUS has been used to differentiate BGH from other similarly appearing tumors of the duodenum. Traditionally felt to require surgical resection, large Brunner's Gland hamartomas can be safely and effectively removed by endoscopic resection, particularly with the aid of EUS. Endoscopic removal should be considered as first-line therapy if technically possible.

Effective Replays and Summarization of Virtual Experiences

Direct replay of the experience of a user in a virtual environment is difficult for others to watch due to unnatural camera motions. We present methods for replaying and summarizing these egocentric experiences that effectively communicate the user's observations while reducing unwanted camera movements. Our approach summarizes the viewpoint path as a concise sequence of viewpoints that cover the same parts of the scene. The core of our approach is a novel content-dependent metric that can be used to identify similarities between viewpoints. This enables viewpoints to be grouped by similar contextual view information and provides a means to generate novel viewpoints that can encapsulate a series of views. These resulting encapsulated viewpoints are used to synthesize new camera paths that convey the content of the original viewer's experience. Projecting the initial movement of the user back on the scene can be used to convey the details of their observations, and the extracted viewpoints can serve as bookmarks for control or analysis. Finally we present performance analysis along with two forms of validation to test whether the extracted viewpoints are representative of the viewer's original observations and to test for the overall effectiveness of the presented replay methods.