Movement Monitoring System Research Articles

IoT-Based Patient Movement Monitoring: The Post-Operative Hip Fracture Rehabilitation Model

Hip fracture incidence is life-threatening and has an impact on the person’s physical functionality and their ability to live independently. Proper rehabilitation with a set program can play a significant role in recovering the person’s physical mobility, boosting their quality of life, reducing adverse clinical outcomes, and shortening hospital stays. The Internet of Things (IoT), with advancements in digital health, could be leveraged to enhance the backup intelligence used in the rehabilitation process and provide transparent coordination and information about movement during activities among relevant parties. This paper presents a post-operative hip fracture rehabilitation model that clarifies the involved rehabilitation process, its associated events, and the main physical movements of interest across all stages of care. To support this model, the paper proposes an IoT-enabled movement monitoring system architecture. The architecture reflects the key operational functionalities required to monitor patients in real time and throughout the rehabilitation process. The approach was tested incrementally on ten healthy subjects, particularly for factors relevant to the recognition and tracking of movements of interest. The analysis reflects the significance of personalization and the significance of a one-minute history of data in monitoring the real-time behavior. This paper also looks at the impact of edge computing at the gateway and a wearable sensor edge on system performance. The approach provides a solution for an architecture that balances system performance with remote monitoring functional requirements.

Operating Wheelchair Using Flex Sensor

Disabled people find their movements extremely difficult with their current gadgets. Although there are numerous devices and instruments accessible to empower their mobility, they require fine and precise control, which may be impractical in instances of higher disability. The haptic innovations are very beneficial, but demands a user friendly environment too. Strategies, designs and frameworks in this field are more in number, which depends on Joystick. But this can prove to be a big-budget. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to control a wheelchair through a utility that is budget-sensitive and practical to use. A flex sensor based wheelchair is presented in this paper, which is user friendly within a low budget. The proposed system is also accompanied by a movement monitoring system that can help the user’s kin to observe his/her movement. The aim is to provide such features which is affordable to the society and can be used with ease.

IoT based Paralyzed Patient Health and Body Movement Monitoring System

Healthcare systems are a very important part of the economy of any country and for the public health. The IoT-based monitoring system for patients with paralysis, which helps to promote the health condition of a patient with paralysis, in addition to the day-to-day life. India has suffered a stroke, the incidence is much higher than that of the more developed countries, it is home to around 2.1 million Indians suffered from the boom of the (lame) per year. If a patient is suffering from a paralysis attack in all or any part of the body can be turned off in order to move in, which means that their movement is restricted and they can barely communicate with anyone at all, because they can't talk like a normal person. Raccoons will find it difficult to understand what they are saying, and help them deal with their day-to-day needs, such as food, water, etc.). At present, work is in progress on the review of the motion parameters on the legs, arms, and head of the paralytics. This paper investigates the development of an integrated and portable prototype is a model of a system for the monitoring of the various movements of the body, spinal cord injuries, with the help of sensors. The tests were carried out by placing the sensors on the head, arm, and leg of the paralyzed patient the data received from these sensors are sent to the raspberry pi 3 model. In the Android app, you'll receive a verbal warning, and if the patient is in need of help via Bluetooth, which, in turn, is connected to the raspberry pi.

Contactless Small-Scale Movement Monitoring System Using Software Defined Radio for Early Diagnosis of COVID-19.

The exponential growth of the novel coronavirus disease (N-COVID-19) has affected millions of people already and it is obvious that this crisis is global. This situation has enforced scientific researchers to gather their efforts to contain the virus. In this pandemic situation, health monitoring and human movements are getting significant consideration in the field of healthcare and as a result, it has emerged as a key area of interest in recent times. This requires a contactless sensing platform for detection of COVID-19 symptoms along with containment of virus spread by limiting and monitoring human movements. In this paper, a platform is proposed for the detection of COVID-19 symptoms like irregular breathing and coughing in addition to monitoring human movements using Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology. This platform uses Channel Frequency Response (CFR) to record the minute changes in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers due to any human motion over the wireless channel. In this initial research, the capabilities of the platform are analyzed by detecting hand movement, coughing, and breathing. This platform faithfully captures normal, slow, and fast breathing at a rate of 20, 10, and 28 breaths per minute respectively using different methods such as zero-cross detection, peak detection, and Fourier transformation. The results show that all three methods successfully record breathing rate. The proposed platform is portable, flexible, and has multifunctional capabilities. This platform can be exploited for other human body movements and health abnormalities by further classification using artificial intelligence.

Paraglacial Rock Slope Stability Under Changing Environmental Conditions, Safuna Lakes, Cordillera Blanca Peru

Landslides or landslide-induced impact waves in high mountain lakes represent a high hazard for society, calling for realistic assessments of rock slope stability responsible for the process chain initiation. This task is often hampered by complex interplays of triggers, which effects on slope stability may be delayed by decades or even millennia, while historical records describing slope topography or landslide occurrences are usually shorter and incomplete. This article builds on rarely available detailed historical data describing the site of the 2002 rock avalanche in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru. It caused a dangerous impact wave in the Safuna Alta Lake resulting in a minor flood, but ongoing downstream development significantly increased the risk of a comparable event. Pre-2002 and post-2002 failure slope topography, 70 years long history of glaciation and landslide occurrences were combined with non-invasive field geological surveys and laboratory geotechnical analyses to characterize the distinct morphological parts of the failed slope with reliable engineering geological slope models. Slope stability was calculated for a series of environmental scenarios providing insights into the 2002 rock avalanche failure mechanism and dynamics as well as the role of glacier slope support for its stability. Results show that the rock slope stability is governed by discontinuous slip planes where rock bridges represent the most likely additional resisting forces. The effect of glacier support on the slope stability is limited under full-water saturation of the rocks and due to specific morpho-structural conditions. Importance of the long-term, progressive deterioration of the rock slope strength under paraglacial environment and repeated seismic shaking is illustrated by the fact that even the Little Ice Age maximum glacier extend only had minor positive effect on the pre-2002 rock avalanche slope stability. Despite of that, the slope remained without a major failure for decades or possibly even centuries. Its collapse in 2002 caused retrogressive movements of the adjacent slope, which remains highly unstable until now. Therefore the future safety of the lake would largely benefit from the implementation of a reliable slope movement monitoring system.

Features of the introduction of an information system for monitoring the movement of medicines in civil and military health care

Abstract. The features of the introduction of an information system for monitoring the movement of medicines in civil and military health care are considered. It has been shown that in order to counteract the inflow of substandard, falsified and counterfeit medicines to medical and pharmacy organizations, from July 1, 2020, all subjects of their circulation in the Russian Federation are required to enter the necessary information into the automated information system for monitoring the movement of medicines. The preliminary results of the experiment on labeling with control (identification) marks of medicines and monitoring of their circulation are evaluated. It is noted that the introduction of an automated information monitoring system in practice is associated with a number of problems that contribute, in particular, to an increase in the cost of medicines. It was established that in the formation of regulatory mechanisms for monitoring the movement of medicines,the specifics of drug provision in military health care were practically not taken into account, which in turn led to the emergence of a number of legal conflicts. It was revealed that, on the one hand, the obligations to participate in the medicine movement monitoring system have been lifted for the Ministry of Defense, the Federal Security Service, the Foreign Intelligence Service, and, on the other hand, other power ministries and departments must provide the required information to the system. It was emphasized that, given all the problematic issues, the introduction of an information monitoring system has a positive effect on the activities of drug circulation entities, as well as enhancing the effectiveness of drug provision for citizens. It is advisable to provide for separate participation in the information system for monitoring the movement of medicines of the Ministry of Defense and some other power ministries and departments, providing the opportunity, on equal terms with other participants, to confirm the quality of the medicines in circulation.

Sustainable and Biodegradable Wood Sponge Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Sensing and Energy Harvesting Applications.

Developing low-cost and biodegradable piezoelectric nanogenerators is of great importance for a variety of applications, from harvesting low-grade mechanical energy to wearable sensors. Many of the most widely used piezoelectric materials, including lead zirconate titanate (PZT), suffer from serious drawbacks such as complicated synthesis, poor mechanical properties (e.g., brittleness), and toxic composition, limiting their development for biomedical applications and posing environmental problems for their disposal. Here, we report a low-cost, biodegradable, biocompatible, and highly compressible piezoelectric nanogenerator based on a wood sponge obtained with a simple delignification process. Thanks to the enhanced compressibility of the wood sponge, our wood nanogenerator (15 × 15 × 14 mm3, longitudinal × radial × tangential) can generate an output voltage of up to 0.69 V, 85 times higher than that generated by native (untreated) wood, and it shows stable performance under repeated cyclic compression (≥600 cycles). Our approach suggests the importance of increased compressibility of bulk materials for improving their piezoelectric output. We demonstrate the versatility of our nanogenerator by showing its application both as a wearable movement monitoring system (made with a single wood sponge) and as a large-scale prototype with increased output (made with 30 wood sponges) able to power simple electronic devices (a LED light, a LCD screen). Moreover, we demonstrate the biodegradability of our wood sponge piezoelectric nanogenerator by studying its decomposition with cellulose-degrading fungi. Our results showcase the potential application of a wood sponge as a sustainable energy source, as a wearable device for monitoring human motions, and its contribution to environmental sustainability by electronic waste reduction.

A Fetal Movement Simulation System for Wearable Vibrational Sensors.

This paper introduces a low-cost phantom system that simulates fetal movements (FMVs) for the first time. This vibration system can be used for testing wearable inertial sensors which detect FMVs from the abdominal wall. The system consists of a phantom abdomen, a linear stage with a stepper motor, a tactile transducer, and control circuits. The linear stage is used to generate mechanical vibrations which are transferred to the latex abdomen. A tactile transducer is implemented to add environmental noise to the system. The system is characterized and tested using a wireless sensor. The sensor recordings are analyzed using time-frequency analysis and the results are compared to real FMVs reported in the literature. Experiments are conducted to characterize the vibration range, frequency response, and noise generation of the system. It is shown that the system is effective in simulating the vibration of fetal movements, covering the full frequency and magnitude ranges of real FMV vibrations. The noise generation test shows that the system can effectively create scenarios with different signal-to-noise ratios for FMV detection. The system can facilitate the development of fetal movement monitoring systems and algorithms.

Study on the Impact of Mineral Resources Exploitation around Cities on Resident Movement and Health Monitoring System

As a non-renewable resource, mineral resources occupy a very important role in human production and life. They are closely related to human beings. This article aims to analyse the status of mineral resource development and the distribution of mineral resources, and expound Relevant geological environment of the mine where the resource is located and some accompanying hazards, and put forward relevant suggestions and specific measures to protect the geological environment in view of the problems found. From the improvement of the utilization rate of minerals, the implementation of mine environmental protection and environmental supervision and other methods to protect the geological environment, I hope that we can provide some suggestions to our country on address environmental protection and development and utilization of mineral resources.

The Use of Eye Tracking Technology in Aesthetic Surgery: Analyzing Changes in Facial Attention Following Surgery.

The ability to quantitatively analyze how we look at a face and determine if this changes following facial surgery should be of interest to the plastic surgeon. Eye tracking technology (ETT) provides the ability to record where observers fixate when viewing a facial image, enabling quantitative data to be obtained comparing pre- and postoperative changes. The authors sought to investigate ETT as a novel outcome assessment tool, determining if facial rejuvenation surgery shifts attention away from the prominent signs of aging, and if so, where this attention shifts. Twenty-five volunteers viewed 32 randomized frontal, oblique, and lateral images of 11 patients pre- and post-facelift. An eye movement monitoring system recorded the observer's eye position, net dwell time, fixation count, fixation time, and revisits into predefined areas of interest. Data were grouped and analyzed by angle and areas of interest. Paired t tests were employed to detect significant differences in pre- and post-images. On frontal images, less dwell time, fixations, and revisits were noted on the bottom third, forehead, perioral region, and neck (P < 0.05). On the lateral view, less visual attention was given to the neck, upper third, and perioral region, with more time in the cheek, nose, and middle third (P < 0.05). On oblique images, less attention was given to the neck and upper lid with more aimed at the middle third of the face (P < 0.05). ETT provides quantitative data post-facial rejuvenation. Facial aesthetic surgery does alter where observers look when viewing a face, decreasing the time spent inspecting the prominent signs of aging.

Prediction of Blast-Induced Rock Movement During Bench Blasting: Use of Gray Wolf Optimizer and Support Vector Regression

A large ore loss and dilution can be expected when using a pre-blast ore boundary for shovel guidance because of the movement and re-distribution of ore in the muck pile under the action of explosive energy. Considering the difficulties in collecting measurements at the post-blast ore boundary, the distribution law and prediction of blast-induced rock movement were studied in this paper. With the application of a blast movement monitoring system, which can obtain the most accurate data to determine the ore boundary after the blast, four blast movement trials were carried out to collect data. Then, statistical analysis, an artificial neural network (ANN) model, a random forest (RF) model and a gray wolf optimizer algorithm–support vector regression (GWO-SVR) model were used to analyze the database. The results of the statistical analysis show that the horizontal, vertical and 3D movements first increase and then decrease, with the maximum displacement occurring near the top of the charging section. Furthermore, the horizontal movement exhibited a good linear relationship with the 3D movement, indicating that the horizontal movement can be considered instead of the 3D movement to facilitate shovel guidance for reducing ore loss and dilution. The results also indicate that the GWO-SVR model is more accurate than the ANN and RF models and that the blast-induced rock movement can be controlled by increasing the burden × spacing and reducing the power factor variables during the mining process.

In-process monitoring of micro series spot welding using dual accelerometer system

Micro series resistance spot welding (MSRSW) is a common practice to form two neighboring nuggets at the same time in industrial fabrication of precision parts, especially in EV battery pack manufacturing. However, because of the Peltier effect, unbalanced Joule heat generation results in different nugget sizes. Therefore, weld quality monitoring systems are necessary to improve weld quality. Unfortunately, no work has been reported. It is still a challenge to develop a monitoring system. A series of monitoring systems have been developed for conventional resistance spot welding (RSW). Among them, electrode movement caused by heat expansion and contraction during the welding process is an important information. GAP sensor and LVDT are major sensors used in the measurement of electrode movement. However, the physical dimension of these sensors is too huge to be applied in MSRSW. This study proposes an in-process electrode movement monitoring system for MSRSW using dual accelerometers. Two-minute accelerometers were mounted on top of each electrode holders. Thanks to its good sensitivity and frequency response characteristics, an accelerometer signal was successfully picked up and integrated twice to reflect an electrode expansion/contraction movement. The correlation between two signals was analyzed by applying the Lissajous figure technique. Experimental verification of this monitoring system has been carried out. A major finding is that dual accelerometer signal and its double-integrated signal, electrode movement, reflect thermo-physical phenomena during MSRSW process.

Determining the utility of a smartphone-based gait evaluation for possible use in concussion management

ABSTRACTObjectives: Our was objectives were to (1) assess the validity of a smartphone-based application to obtain spatiotemporal gait variables relative to an established movement monitoring system used previously to evaluate post-concussion gait, and (2) determine the test-retest reliability of gait variables obtained with a smartphone.Methods: Twenty healthy participants (n = 14 females, mean age = 22.2, SD = 2.1 years) were assessed at two time points, approximately two weeks apart. Two measurement systems (inertial sensor system, smartphone application) acquired and analyzed single-task and dual-task spatio-temporal gait variables simultaneously. Our primary outcome measures were average walking speed (m/s), cadence (steps/min), and stride length (m) measured by the inertial sensor system and smartphone application.Results: Correlations between the systems were high to very high (Pearson r = 0.77–0.98) at both time points, with the exception of dual-task stride length at time 2 (Pearson r = 0.55). Bland-Altman analysis for average gait speed and cadence indicated the average disagreement between systems was close to zero, suggesting little evidence for systematic bias between acquisition systems. Test-retest consistency measures using the smartphone revealed high to very high reliability for all measurements (ICC = 0.81–0.95).Conclusions: Our results indicate that sensors within a smartphone are capable of measuring spatio-temporal gait variables similar to a validated three-sensor inertial sensor system in single-task and dual-task conditions, and that data are reliable across a two-week time interval. A smartphone-based application might allow clinicians to objectively evaluate gait in the management of concussion with high ease-of-use and a relatively low financial burden.

Research on Non-Contact Monitoring System for Human Physiological Signal and Body Movement.

With the rapid increase in the development of miniaturized sensors and embedded devices for vital signs monitoring, personal physiological signal monitoring devices are becoming popular. However, physiological monitoring devices which are worn on the body normally affect the daily activities of people. This problem can be avoided by using a non-contact measuring device like the Doppler radar system, which is more convenient, is private compared to video monitoring, infrared monitoring and other non-contact methods. Additionally real-time physiological monitoring with the Doppler radar system can also obtain signal changes caused by motion changes. As a result, the Doppler radar system not only obtains the information of respiratory and cardiac signals, but also obtains information about body movement. The relevant RF technology could eliminate some interference from body motion with a small amplitude. However, the motion recognition method can also be used to classify related body motion signals. In this paper, a vital sign and body movement monitoring system worked at 2.4 GHz was proposed. It can measure various physiological signs of the human body in a non-contact manner. The accuracy of the non-contact physiological signal monitoring system was analyzed. First, the working distance of the system was tested. Then, the algorithm of mining collective motion signal was classified, and the accuracy was 88%, which could be further improved in the system. In addition, the mean absolute error values of heart rate and respiratory rate were 0.8 beats/min and 3.5 beats/min, respectively, and the reliability of the system was verified by comparing the respiratory waveforms with the contact equipment at different distances.

A cloud-based near real-time slope movement monitoring system

A cloud-based near real-time slope movement monitoring system

A cloud-based near real-time slope movement monitoring system

A cloud-based near real-time data management system for geotechnical monitoring that can efficiently record, transfer, store, manage, process, analyse and evaluate monitoring data and generate easy to view and use information is presented. The database structure and manual of the system functionalities for addressing issues during data upload and processing, record handling for multisensory devices, data visualisation using common reference dates, data error correction and parametric handling of import files are presented in detail. New features that are in development include a more robust warning system and a journaling system for visual observations. The system can reliably and quickly generate alarms and information about excessive movements with respect to mining and other operations that require monitoring.

Nursing Movement Monitoring System Utilizing Hetero-core Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Medical Thin Films

Nursing Movement Monitoring System Utilizing Hetero-core Fiber Optic Sensors Embedded in Medical Thin Films

Reliability of a Novel Video-Based Method for Assessing Age-Related Changes in Upper Limb Kinematics.

Monitoring age-related changes in motor function can be used to identify deviations that represent underlying diseases for which early diagnosis is often paramount for efficacious, interventional therapies. Currently, the availability of cost-effective and reliable diagnostic tools capable of routine monitoring is limited. Adequate diagnostic systems are needed to identify, monitor and distinguish early subclinical symptoms of neurological diseases from normal aging-associated changes. Herein, we describe the development, initial validation and reliability of the Hand-Arm Movement Monitoring System (HAMMS), a video-based data acquisition system built using a programmable, versatile platform for acquiring temporal and spatial metrics of hand and arm movements. A healthy aging population of 111 adults were used to evaluate the HAMMS via a repetitive motion test of changing target size. The test required participants to move a fiducial on their hand between two targets presented on a video monitor. The test-retest reliability based on Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICCs) for the system ranged from 0.56 to 0.87 and the Linear Correlation Coefficients (LCCs) ranged from 0.58 to 0.87. Average speed, average acceleration, speed error and center offset all demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Using an intertarget path of hand motion, we observed an age-dependent increase in the average number of points outside the most direct motion path, indicating a reduction in hand-arm movement control with age. The reliability, flexibility and programmability of the HAMMS makes this low cost, video-based platform an effective tool for evaluating longitudinal changes in hand-arm related movements and a potential diagnostic device for neurological diseases where hand-arm movements are affected.

Integrated Signal Encoding and Analysis System for Actigraphy-based Long-term Monitoring of Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep.

There has been a boom in the development of wearable devices for wellness and healthcare applications. Numerous studies have been conducted on the utility of employing wearable devices for the long-term monitoring of biosignals. Despite their efficacy, the potential for practical implementation faces many hurdles such as memory usage, power consumption, denoising, and efficient data transmission. Of the many wearables being used, the actigraph has been a popular choice amongst experts for identifying motion abnormalities such as periodic leg movements (PLMs) in sleep and the activities of patients suffering from various medical illnesses. In this paper, we present an efficient pulse code modulation based, 3-bit, signal encoding technique, which when applied to long-term (6-8 hours), 16-bit sleep actigraphy signals, generates 3-bit encoded, accelerometry data with an average compression ratio of 92%, an average increase in the signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio by 20 dB and an average reduction of memory usage by 92%. The proposed technique also eliminates the need to apply filters for denoising, by retaining only characteristic signal information in the quantized version. The proposed technique, in general, could be applied to accelerometer-based wearables and has the potential to provide efficient memory and power usage in long-term monitoring applications.

Walking Monitoring for Users of Standard and Front-Wheel Walkers

In this paper, a walker movement monitoring system is proposed for a standard walker and a front-wheeled walker. The walking parameters (step length, step time, step speed, and total walking distance) are accurately estimated from the movement of walker to provide a statistical analysis of rehabilitation assessment. First, a movement classification algorithm is proposed to identify walking styles (continuous rolling, step-by-step rolling, two back tips lifting, and complete lifting). Based on this classification, the movement of a walker can be estimated using either two encoders (only for front-wheeled walker) or an inertial measurement unit. The accuracy of walking parameter estimation is verified through five subjects’ experiments. In 20-m straight walking, the walking distance root mean square error is 0.1–0.3 m depending on walking styles.