Water Movement Research Articles

Unsaturation in the air spaces of leaves and its implications.

Modern plant physiological theory stipulates that the resistance to water movement from plants to the atmosphere is overwhelmingly dominated by stomata. This conception necessitates a corollary assumption-that the air spaces in leaves must be nearly saturated with water vapour; that is, with a relative humidity that does not decline materially below unity. As this idea became progressively engrained in scientific discourse and textbooks over the last century, observations inconsistent with this corollary assumption were occasionally reported. Yet, evidence of unsaturation gained little traction, with acceptance of the prevailing framework motivated by three considerations: (1) leaf water potentials measured by either thermocouple psychrometry or the Scholander pressure chamber are largely consistent with the framework; (2) being able to assume near saturation of intercellular air spaces was transformational to leaf gas exchange analysis; and (3) there has been no obvious mechanism to explain a variable, liquid-phase resistance in the leaf mesophyll. Here, we review the evidence that refutes the assumption of universal, near saturation of air spaces in leaves. Refining the prevailing paradigm with respect to this assumption provides opportunities for identifying and developing mechanisms for increased plant productivity in the face of increasing evaporative demand imposed by global climate change.

Freezing of Water Solvation Dynamics in Nanoconfinement by Reverse Micelles at Room Temperature.

Much attention has recently been paid to anomalously low dielectric constants of nanoconfined water between two slabs at room temperature (Fumagalli et al. Science, 2018, 360, 1339). These low values imply that the dipole rotation of the interfacial water on the slab is completely suppressed. Such freezing has so far been observed for water confined between solids. In contrast, it remains unclear whether this holds for water in soft confinement, which is omnipresent naturally and artificially. Here, we address this question using encapsulated reverse micelles with a dye molecule, allowing us to study water sandwiched between the surfactant and dye molecules in solution. Moreover, we examine the solvation related to the dielectric property of water, which is reorientational motion in the hydration layer of the dye molecule, by persistent hole-burning spectroscopy. We first show that the dye molecule is surrounded by water without contact with the surfactant and that the dye molecule has two or three hydration layers on average. We next demonstrate that the solvation dynamics is frozen below the water droplet size of ∼4 nm, whereas they become liquid-like when the RM size is further increased. The average gap distance (∼1.5 nm) for freezing the solvation agrees with the gap distance with no rotational water motions between slabs. Our findings may have biological relevance, providing a new aspect for understanding biological function in cells.

Four-DOF Maneuvering Motion of a Container Ship in Shallow Water Based on CFD Approach

With the continuous increase in ship size combined with the generally slower increase in the sizes of waterways, the need for the prediction of ship maneuvering in shallow waterways continues to attract attention from the international scientific community. Ship behavior in shallow water is relevant in seabed effects that result in changing the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship. In this study, the maneuvering characteristics of a container ship with four degrees of freedom in shallow water are analyzed. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes approach in Ansys Fluent code is used to produce the maneuvering coefficients through the simulations of forward running, static drift, static heel, circular motion, the combined motions, and the pure roll motion of the KRISO container ship. The maneuvering characteristics of the ship are estimated for evaluating the ship behaviors in shallow-water conditions. The obtained results show that the roll has a significant decrease and the ship’s turning diameter has a significant increase when the ship operates in a shallow waterway. The predictions of the maneuvering characteristics of the ship are in good agreement with those of free-running model tests, indicating that the numerical simulation based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics method has compromising capability to predict the maneuvering derivatives and the four-DOF ship maneuvering motion in shallow water as well.

Self-Evolving Hierarchical Hydrogel Fibers with Circadian Rhythms and Memory Functions.

The fusion of hierarchical tissues at interfaces, incorporating ultrafast selective transport channels, enables efficient matter exchange and energy transfer across multiscale structures in living organisms. However, achieving these characteristics simultaneously in an artificial multimaterial system is challenging. Here, this work presents a multimaterial hydrogel fiber with a hierarchical structure of interface fusion, which forms spontaneously through in situ hierarchy evolution induced by ionic cross-linking and molecular shear flow. Water transport occurs in the angstrom-scale confined slits created by aligned cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by direct Coulomb knock-on, resembling Newton's cradle motion. The fusion of interfaces enables high-efficiency water transport across multiscale layers, combined with Newton's cradle-like collective water motion, creating a highly sensitive negative feedback loop within the fiber. These fibers exhibit integrated behaviors of time-space perception, short-term memory and adaptive changes in shape. Additionally, they demonstrate rhythm characteristics, changing periodically in a 24-h day-night cycle. Composed of natural building blocks, these hierarchical hydrogel fibers exhibit a memristor effect similar to that of an elementary neuron, making them promising for applications in seamless on-skin and implantable bioelectronics.

Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes for the Investigation of Water Movement in Bioretention Column Experiments

Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes for the Investigation of Water Movement in Bioretention Column Experiments

Transient cold-front-water through y-shaped aluminium ducts: nature of turbulence, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and velocity at the converged and diverged outlets

Abstract The interaction between water motion efficiency, outlet control mechanisms, and energy dynamics management hinges significantly on turbulence characteristics. However, understanding the influence of input velocities and duct features on outlets remains elusive. This study employs the realizable k − ɛ viscous model and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS equations) to explore transient water dynamics encountering a cold front through ducts leading to convergence or divergence. Using Ansys Fluent 2023R2 and the waterlight workflow, meticulous meshing of the ducts is executed to capture flow intricacies accurately. Grid independence, suitable boundary conditions, and solver settings are carefully considered to ensure reliable results for investigating four key research questions. Duct bending introduces non-uniformities in velocity distribution, impacting exit velocity and altering flow characteristics and turbulence. In Case III, centrifugal forces from a 90° bend result in higher outlet velocities at the convergent exit and secondary flow patterns like swirls and vortexes. Additionally, entrance velocities influence Reynolds numbers, affecting mixing, heat transfer coefficients, and flow regimes, thereby optimizing thermal conductivity. This comprehensive investigation sheds light on optimizing water dynamics and energy management across various duct configurations, offering valuable insights into efficient flow control and thermal performance enhancement.

Sediment resuspension and transport in the offshore subaqueous Yangtze Delta during winter storms

Storm-induced episodic sediment redistribution in coastal systems can reshape geomorphic bodies, disrupt ecosystems, and cause economic damage. However, cold-wave-storm-induced hydrodynamic changes and residual sediment transport in large, exposed subaqueous deltas, such as the Yangtze Delta, are poorly understood because it is typically expensive and difficult to obtain systematic field data in open coast settings during storm events. We conducted a successful field survey of waves, currents, changes in water depth, and turbidity at a station (time-averaged water depth of 20 m) in the offshore subaqueous Yangtze Delta over 10 days during winter, covering two storms and two fair-weather periods. During the storm events, strong northerly winds drove southward longshore currents (~0.2 m/s) and resulted in increased wave height and sediment resuspension, thereby leading to massive southward sediment transport. In contrast, both southward and northward transports were limited during the fair-weather periods. A better understanding of the storm-induced sediment transport can be obtained by using an approximately half-day lag in sediment transport behind wind force, given the time needed to form waves and longshore drift, the inertia of water motion, and the slow settling velocity of fine-grained sediment. Our results directly support previous findings of southward sediment transport from the Yangtze Delta during winter, which is deposited in the Zhejiang–Fujian mud belt in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In addition, the southward sediment transport from the Yangtze Delta occurs mainly during episodic storm events, rather than during the winter monsoon, and winter storms dominate over typhoons in driving southward sediment transport from the delta. This study highlights the importance of storms, especially during winter storms, in coastal sediment redistribution, which is of particular significance when considering the projected increase in storm intensity with global warming.

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) stressors and illnesses: a review for a sustainable aquaculture under climate change

Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) dominate intertidal and shallow subtidal areas globally, where larger species form extensive underwater forests. These structurally complex and highly productive habitats enhance local biodiversity and support food webs in coastal areas through secondary production, thereby shaping local oceanography and ecology. Macroalgal aquaculture is an important and growing sector, where approximately 40% of all cultivated algae belong to Phaeophyceae. However, both cultured and natural brown algae have been under increasing pressure due to climate-driven factors, such as ocean warming, eutrophication, and herbivore outbreaks. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on abiotic (temperature, light intensity, and UV radiation, nutrients, water motion, salinity, and substrata and sediment) and biotic (bacteria, viruses, fungi, eukaryotic endophytes and endoparasites, epiphytes, and grazers) stressors and illnesses in marine brown macroalgae, as well as brown algae defense mechanisms, and discuss how these parameters may affect the production of a sustainable crop for the aquaculture industry under future climate change scenarios.

Experimental study on the movement of oil spill under freeze-thaw action

Oil leakages cause environmental pollution, economic losses, and even engineering safety accidents. In cold regions, researchers urgently investigate the movement of oil spill in soils exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. In this study, a series of laboratory model experiments were carried out on the migration of oil leakage under freeze-thaw action, and the distributions of the soil temperature, unfrozen water content, and displacement were analyzed. The results showed that under freeze-thaw action, liquid water in soils migrated to the freezing front and accumulated. After the pipe cracked, oil pollutants first gathered at one side of the leak hole, and then moved around. The pipe wall temperature affected the soil temperature field, and the thermal influence range below and transverse the pipe wall (35–40 cm) was larger than that above the pipe wall (8 cm) owing to the soil surface temperature. The leaked oil's temperature would make the temperature of the surrounding soil rise. Oil would inhibit the cooling of the soils. Besides, oil migration was significantly affected by the gravity and water flow patterns. The freeze-thaw action would affect the migration of the oil, which was mainly manifested as inhibiting the diffusion and movement of oil when soils were frozen. Unfrozen water transport caused by freeze-thaw cycles would also inhibit oil migration. The research results would provide a scientific reference for understanding the relationship between the movement of oil pollutants, water, and soil temperature, and for establishing a water-heat-mass transport model in frozen soils.

Detection of mainland Kedah’s shoreline changes (2013-2020); a case study

Abstract Shoreline erosion and accretion are natural processes that involve the gradual change in the shape and position of coastlines due to the movement of water, sediment, and geological factors. These processes have significant implications for coastal environments, ecosystems, and human activities. Therefore, it is essential to frequently assess the shoreline changes for effective coastal management, sustainable development, and safeguarding valuable ecosystems. In the present study, shoreline condition along mainland Kedah (109 km) was investigated through remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. The assessment was performed over the period of 7 years (2013 and 2020) by analysing the satellite images captured by Landsat-8 satellite Operational Land Imager (OLI) at 15 m resolution. Preprocessing was established by performing image geometric correction and registration. Next, the Support Vector Machines (SVMs) toolbox was used for image classification to define the water and non-water fields. Later, the shoreline was extracted from the classified images and overlaid in a geodetic base in ArcGIS software to detect shoreline changes. The results showed that the majority of mainland Kedah’s shoreline did not experience extensive erosion or accretion at which 54% of the shoreline (58.8 km) was found to be stable. Erosion was observed at 6 locations with a total length of 10.1 km (9% of the total shoreline length) which was mainly concentrated in the non-protected areas. On the other hand, shoreline accretion was observed at 19 locations with a total length of 40.1 km (37% of the total length). It is worth highlighting that the erosion areas were concentrated in the southern part of the coastline, while the accretion areas were distributed between the middle part and the north side of mainland Kedah’s shoreline.

A novel coupled hydrothermal–mechanical model and numerical analysis of unsaturated bentonite considering the influence of salt ions

The quantitative research on swelling properties of bentonite considering the influence of salt ions under the effect of hydrothermo-mechanical coupling is relatively weak. Based on a calculation model for the swelling characteristics of bentonite from a fractal perspective, this work proposes a novel coupled multifield control equation for unsaturated bentonite considering the influence of salt ions. The numericalization of the coupling control equation was completed by secondary development of a numerical analysis platform. The new theoretical model’s dependability and validity were validated by comparing it to experimental data. The evolution of the related-field quantities under the multifield coupled effect in salt-bearing environments was obtained, and the effect of salt ion concentration was analyzed. The calculation showed that the temperature of bentonite changed periodically with changing ambient temperature. Temperature gradient induces migratory movement of water from high to low temperature regions. The hollow axisymmetric soil sample gradually saturated from outside to inside with increasing water injection rate at the outer cylindrical surface. The swelling pressure of bentonite will increase with an increase in water content, whereas the presence of salt ions weakened the swelling behavior. Temperature and relative humidity were less affected by salt ion concentration.

Computational insights into survival durations and prehospital interventions in accidental cold-water immersion: A comprehensive analysis of fresh and saltwater temperatures

This study examines the complex relationship between scenarios of cold-water immersion, survival durations, and prehospital interventions. It utilizes computational modeling methods to shed light on how different water temperatures affect individuals facing accidental cold-water immersion incidents. The analysis reveals significant variations in survival times based on water temperature. For example, subjects immersed in water at temperatures of 5 °C, 2 °C, and 0 °C had average survival times of 136, 113, and 100 min, respectively, under stable conditions. In flowing water at the same temperatures, survival times decreased to 119, 92, and 81 min, indicating the impact of water movement on cooling rates and survival durations. Likewise, individuals immersed in saltwater at temperatures of 5 °C, 2 °C, 0 °C, and −2 °C showed average survival times of 111, 88, 80, and 66 min, respectively, in static conditions. In flowing saltwater at the same temperatures, survival times decreased to 98, 74, 68, and 57 min, highlighting the influence of water flow on cooling rates and survival durations. A comparison between immersion in pure water and saltwater at 2 °C revealed survival times of 113 and 88 min under stable conditions and 92 and 74 min under dynamic conditions, emphasizing the role of water composition in survival outcomes. The study also challenges the notion that the demise of the Titanic's passengers and crew resulted from hypothermia, asserting instead that severe thermal shock was the primary cause. These numerical findings underscore the importance of considering water temperature, flow dynamics, and prompt medical responses in cold-water emergencies to enhance survival prospects. The study identifies water within the range of 41–43 °C as the most effective active external rewarming fluid for critical hypothermal conditions. By quantifying the impact of these variables on survival times, the study provides data-driven recommendations to improve emergency protocols and outcomes for individuals facing cold-water immersion incidents.

Research on the pitching hydrodynamic performance of pump-jet propelled submersible

Abstract Most of the current research in the world on the dynamical characteristics of pump-jet propelled submersibles has focused on the dynamic response of non-vector propulsion. However, the dynamics characteristics of water jet vector propulsion by external bypass excitation have been neglected. Therefore, this paper explores the variable vector deflection angle-controlled pitching motion in the vertical plane of the submersible and the isokinetic constant linear pitching motion water motion. ANSYS software is used to perform numerical calculations to investigate the changes of drag and Lifting force with velocity under different navigation states. Conclusion: In the process of surfacing, the change trend of Lifting force and drag is the same: when adjusting the navigation deflection angle, it increases rapidly, and then when floating in a constant straight line, it gradually decreases, and finally, the decrease rate tends to level off; when the elevation angle increases, the change amplitude of drag and Lifting force increases. During the dive, the drag force decreases and the Lifting force increases, gradually, the rate of decrease of drag force and the rate of increase of Lifting force become smaller; when the pitch angle increases, the Lifting force decreases rapidly and the decrease of drag force becomes larger.

Water Intrusion: An Analysis of Water Sources, Categories, and the Degradation Science of Building Materials

Water intrusion into a building envelope describes the unwanted movement of water or vapor into a building, where it causes damage. Various factors dictate water intrusion category determination and classification. These factors include, but are not limited to, the type and degree of water intrusion, the source and route of the contamination, and exposure time, as well as geographical environmental conditions. This comprehensive research paper looked at the literature and the science to explore the bases for indoor environmental professional (IEP) classification and category determination, but also the science behind the effects of water intrusion on building materials (BM). The efficacy of building materials once degradation has occurred and any accelerating effects impacting the efficiency of building materials and their loss of integrity were closely examined in terms of material microstructural and compositional changes. The damaging effects of moisture and heat on building materials are called hygrothermal damage, which compromises the properties and use of materials. Both aspects of building integrity, i.e., water intrusion and structural deterioration, should be of concern when mitigating and remediating the intrusion of moisture. Previous research on the clarification of water categories for water intrusions is lacking. Past approaches to water classification have lacked universal scientific clarity and understanding. In addition to a need to understand the effects that water category might have on building materials and their corresponding degree of degradation, more science and reviews are needed. The need for proper class and category determination for the remediation of water intrusion within buildings is the first step toward achieving correct mitigation to ensure human health and safety. The possible adverse health effects of water intrusion need focus and cohesion for the determination of categories. We know that the final determination of water categories differs according to the degree of contamination over time and the degree of a given class of water intrusion; however, what role do the route and initial water contamination play in the determination of the category? The following paper aims to provide not only a review of the science but also an elaboration of the category determination process and the degradation effects on building materials which should be considered, as well as possible avenues of scientific research.

Superdiffusive Rotation of Interfacial Water on Noble Metal Surface.

Interfacial water on a metal surface acts as an active layer through the reorientation of water, thereby facilitating the energy transfer and chemical reaction across the metal surface in various physicochemical and industrial processes. However, how this active interfacial water collectively behaves on flat noble metal substrates remains largely unknown due to the experimental limitation in capturing librational vibrational motion of interfacial water and prohibitive computational costs at the first-principles level. Herein, by implementing a machine-learning approach to train neural network potentials, we enable performing advanced molecular dynamics simulations with ab initio accuracy at a nanosecond scale to map the distinct rotational motion of water molecules on a metal surface at room temperature. The vibrational density of states of the interfacial water with two-layer profiles reveals that the rotation and vibration of water within the strong adsorption layer on the metal surface behave as if the water molecules in the bulk ice, wherein the O-H stretching frequency is well consistent with the experimental results. Unexpectedly, the water molecules within the adjacent weak adsorption layer exhibit superdiffusive rotation, contrary to the conventional diffusive rotation of bulk water, while the vibrational motion maintains the characteristic of bulk water. The mechanism underlying this abnormal superdiffusive rotation is attributed to the translation-rotation decoupling of water, in which the translation is restrained by the strong hydrogen bonding within the bilayer interfacial water, whereas the rotation is accelerated freely by the asymmetric water environment. This superdiffusive rotation dynamics may elucidate the experimentally observed large fluctuation of the potential of zero charge on Pt and thereby the conventional Helmholtz layer model revised by including the contribution of interfacial water orientation. The surprising superdiffusive rotation of vicinal water next to noble metals will shed new light on the physicochemical processes and the activity of water molecules near metal electrodes or catalysts.

Soil compaction reversed the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on soil hydraulic properties

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) typically provide a wide range of nutritional benefits to their host plants, and their role in plant water uptake, although still controversial, is often cited as one of the hallmarks of this symbiosis. Less attention has been dedicated to other effects relating to water dynamics that the presence of AMF in soils may have. Evidence that AMF can affect soil hydraulic properties is only beginning to emerge. In one of our recent experiments with dwarf tomato plants, we serendipitously found that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Rhizophagus irregularis ‘PH5’) can slightly but significantly reduce water holding capacity (WHC) of the substrate (a sand–zeolite–soil mixture). This was further investigated in a subsequent experiment, but there we found exactly the opposite effect as mycorrhizal substrate retained more water than did the non-mycorrhizal substrate. Because the same substrate was used and other conditions were mostly comparable in the two experiments, we explain the contrasting results by different substrate compaction, most likely caused by different pot shapes. It seems that in compacted substrates, AMF may have no effect upon or even decrease the substrates’ WHC. On the other hand, the AMF hyphae interweaving the pores of less compacted substrates may increase the capillary movement of water throughout such substrates and cause slightly more water to remain in the pores after the free water has drained. We believe that this phenomenon is worthy of mycorrhizologists’ attention and merits further investigation as to the role of AMF in soil hydraulic properties.

How does the shape of the wing and hindlimb bones of aquatic birds relate to their locomotor abilities?

Aquatic birds represent diverse ecologies and locomotion types. Some became flightless or lost the ability for effective terrestrial locomotion, yet, certain species excel in water, on land, and in air, despite differing physical characteristics associated with each medium. In this exploratory study, we intend to quantitatively analyze the morphological variety of multiple limb bones of aquatic birds using 3D geometric morphometrics. Morphological variation is mainly driven by phylogeny, which also affects size and locomotion. However, the shape of the ulna, including the proportion and orientation of the epiphyses is influenced by size and aquatic propulsive techniques even when phylogeny is taken into consideration. Certain trends, possibly linked to functions, can be observed too in other bones, notably in cases where phylogenetic and functional signals are probably mixed when some taxa only englobe species with similar functional requirements: penguins exhibit the most distinctive wing bone morphologies, highly adapted to wing-propulsion; advanced foot-propellers exhibit femur morphology that reduces proximal mobility but supports stability; knee structures, like cnemial crests of varied sizes and orientations, are crucial for muscle attachments and efficient movement in water and on land; taxa relying on their feet in water but retaining terrestrial abilities share features enabling swimming and walking postures. Size-linked changes distinguish the wing bones of non-wing-propelled taxa. For hindlimbs, larger size relates to robust bones probably linked to terrestrial abilities, but robustness in femora can be connected to foot-propulsion. These results help us better understand birds' skeletal adaptation and can be useful inferring extinct species' ecology.

Harvesting Energy Via Water Movement and Surface Ionics in Microfibrous Ceramic Wools

Due to the push for carbon neutrality in various human activities, the development of methods for producing electricity without relying on chemical reaction processes or heat sources has become highly significant. Also, the challenge lies in achieving microwatt‐scale outputs due to the inherent conductivity of the materials and diverting electric currents. To address this challenge, our research has concentrated on utilizing nonconductive mediums for water‐based low‐cost microfibrous ceramic wools in conjunction with a NaCl aqueous solution for power generation. The main source of electricity originates from the directed movement of water molecules and surface ions through densely packed microfibrous ceramic wools due to the effect of dynamic electric double layer. This occurrence bears resemblance to the natural water transpiration in plants, thereby presenting a fresh and straightforward approach for producing electricity in an ecofriendly manner. The generator module demonstrated in this study, measuring 12 × 6 cm2, exhibited a noteworthy open‐circuit voltage of 0.35 V, coupled with a short‐circuit current of 0.51 mA. Such low‐cost ceramic wools are suitable for ubiquitous, permanent energy sources and hold potential for use as self‐powered sensors and systems, eliminating the requirement for external energy sources such as sunlight or heat.

Fluid Structure Interaction Analyses of Elevated Storage Tank under Seismic Load

Elevated storage tanks are used to store fresh and waste water, cereal, oil and petrochemical materials. Therefore they serve in a wide area of utilization in this day and age. Analysis of a half full with water elevated storage tank is performed in the scope of this study. The structure is composed of a steel circular storage tank and frame typed steel stager. The structure is under the effect of earthquake loads as well as operational ones. Numerical model is generated by Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) software including fluid and structure parts. The interaction of the parts is provided by Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) technique. While the structure constitutes the Lagrangian part, the fluid constitutes the Eulerian part. Interaction of Eulerian and Lagrangian parts are provided by general contact algorithms. Free surface movement of the water, maximum displacements and natural frequency values with related mode shapes of the structure are obtained after numerical analysis. Numerical results are verified by semi-analytical model, where the structure is modelled as single degree of freedom system. The accordance between results is numerically and visually obtained. The turbulent movement of water under the influence of an earthquake is modelled by utilizing the CEL technique. So, the effect of the dynamic pressure induced by the turbulence on the tank and the structural system has been taken into consideration.

Estimating Increased Transient Water Storage with Increases in Beaver Dam Activity

Dam building by beaver (Castor spp.) slows water movement through montane valleys, increasing transient water storage and the diversity of residence times. In some cases, water storage created by beaver dam construction is correlated to changes in streamflow magnitude and timing. However, the total amount of additional surface and groundwater storage that beaver dams may create (and, thus, their maximum potential impact on streamflow) has not been contextualized in the water balance of larger river basins. We estimate the potential transient water storage increases that could be created at 5, 25, 50, and 100% of maximum modeled beaver dam capacity in the Bear River basin, USA, by adapting the height above nearest drainage (HAND) algorithm to spatially estimate surface water storage. Surface water storage estimates were combined with the MODFLOW groundwater model to estimate potential increases in groundwater storage throughout the basin. We tested four scenarios to estimate potential transient water storage increases resulting from the construction of 1179 to 34,897 beaver dams, and estimated surface water storage to range from 57.5 to 72.8 m3 per dam and groundwater storage to range from 182.2 to 313.3 m3 per dam. Overall, we estimate that beaver dam construction could increase transient water storage by up to 10.38 million m3 in the Bear River basin. We further contextualize beaver dam-related water storage increases with streamflow, reservoir, and snowpack volumes.