Sports Movement Research Articles

Workshop on Classroom Action Research Preparation for High School Teachers and Vocational Secondary Schools

The risk of injury can occur in all types of sports and is often experienced by athletes. Sports Injury is an injury to the muscular and skeletal system caused by sports activities. First Aid is emergency assistance to accident victims (sick) quickly and precisely at the scene before being evacuated to an expert person. In general, the management of sports injuries uses the principle of RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) which is always applied at the beginning of the injury before further handling. Exercising excessively and ignoring the correct rules of exercise, even bring injury that endangers himself. This wrong activity is due to heating does not meet the requirements, excessive fatigue, especially in the muscles, and wrong in doing sports movements. The most common injury cases, usually too ambitious to complete training targets or want to improve the training phase. A good coach will always pay attention to the state of the athlete from all aspects, one of which is from the physical state of the athlete. This means that the trainer knows how to manage the athlete not to get injured, and if he has an injury quickly know how to help, especially for minor injuries. However, not all coaches understand how the injury and how it helps for athletes. That is why there is a need for training in sports injuries and how to help for coaches who are expected to be used by athletes.

Validation of a new inertial measurement unit system based on different dynamic movements for future in-field applications

ABSTRACT Using inertial measurement units (IMUs) in monitoring and analysing sport movements has become popular in sports research since it avoids the laboratory limitation. However, the accuracy of modern IMU-systems (hardware combined with software) needs to be validated using gold-standard systems as baseline. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of the aktos-t IMU-system for in-field biomechanical research by comparing its outputs in various tasks (repetitive movements, gait and jumping) undertaken by 14 participants, with those of an optoelectronic system. The results showed that the accuracy of aktos-t varies according to the task performed. The accuracy of pelvis, hip and knee joints ranged between acceptable (root mean squared error (RMSE) < 5°) and tolerable (RMSE < 10°) in gait, while the upper limb joints showed inaccuracy (RMSE > 10°) and imprecision (coefficient of repeatability > 10°) during the repetitive movement test. Jump impact appeared not to influence the IMU outcomes (p > 0.05). The main sources of error could be related to the IMU-alignment during the reference T-pose. Finally, the study provides researchers the means for evaluating the accuracy of aktos-t (hardware, software and biomechanical model) as sufficiently precise for its application in their in-field investigations.

Methods for quantitative evaluation of force and technique in competitive sport climbing

Increasing media attention of and progress in competitive climbing demand for novel solution in sport analysis to accompany and contribute to the evolution of climbing. We present a holistic approach to acquire movements in sport climbing. Knowledge on force and corresponding body motion helps to understand technique, performance and might even lead to injury prevention during training. Our system allows detection of peaks in force on each climbing hand and foot hold while recording the associated body position and motion. To achieve this, we equipped each hold with a three-axis force sensor and combined this with a three-dimensional markerless motion capture system based on a depth camera. Existing methods to determine finger strength and other parameters such as temperature are employed to ensure comparable and repeatable results. In addition, pre-assesement of athletes will be used to evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability among athletes.

Perceptual Anticipation in a Shoot/Don’t Shoot Task

Signal Detection Theory (SDT) has been applied to examine expertise-related differences in perceptual judgments of deceptive and non-deceptive movements in sport (e.g., handball, soccer). Deceptive actions in sport-related tasks (i.e., faking in rugby, fake passes in basketball) affects anticipation performance in both novice and expert athletes (i.e., more incorrect responses in deceptive actions compared to incorrect responses in non-deceptive actions); however, experts still outperform novices when facing deceptive actions in sport-related tasks (Güldenpenning, Kunde, &amp; Weigelt, 2017). To date, this approach has not yet been applied to shoot/don’t shoot scenarios in law enforcement. To address this issue, we filmed actors pulling out either a weapon (i.e., gun) or a non-weapon (i.e., cell phone). We then edited the videos to create temporally-occluded stimuli. College students observed the videos and indicated whether the object was a weapon or a non-weapon. We conducted two experiments: across both we found that participants’ responses were more likely to be correct at later occlusion points, when the object was fully observable. We also found that when the object was fully observable, participants were more likely to identify the object as a gun rather than a cell phone. The results can inform the design of decision-making training for police.

Legal bases of sports activity as an object of the theory of system organization

Today, the state of development of the sphere of physical culture and sports is characterized by the presence of organizational and legal problems at the level of functioning of all its components (physical education, professional or mass sport, etc.) on the way to solving socially significant social problems. The lack of an objective assessment of the current state of the public relations industry, which is covered by physical education and sports, taking into account the state policy of Ukraine’s integration with the international community, leads to the process of assimilation of this industry in favor of a stronger partnership, which is being formed. Purpose: to analyze the activities of physical education and sports organizations from the position of conceptual provisions of the theory of system organization. Material & Methods: analysis of literary sources; analysis of documents; system analysis; historicism method; a method of analogy of observed patterns; mathematical modeling method. Results: the problem of managing complex social systems in the context of the functioning of the sports law industry is considered. The theoretical foundations of self-organization of collective interdependent relations in the field of physical culture are substantiated from the position of conceptual provisions of the theory of system organization . Conclusions: it has been established that at the present stage of development of public sports associations, the international sports movement and international sports federations, successful managerial activity can only be based on the condition that it is built on the basis of systems theory. It is established that the process of formation of interdependent relationships is based on the general principles of interaction of the object in question and its environment. It is the interaction of the object and the environment as a whole that acts as one of the determining principles of effective management and the key to maintaining the equilibrium state of the system.

THE ROLE OF UNESCO IN THE FIGHT AGAINST DOPING

The article is devoted to the consideration of the role of UNESCO in modern anti-doping struggle. The purpose of the research is to assess the current role of UNESCO in combating doping in sport; an overview of the history of its creation in the context of the world antidoping struggle; to study current experience of UNESCO’s international cooperation with other international organizations involved in anti-doping activities; an analysis of the state of legal regulation of international cooperation in this field and the role of UNESCO in this settlement. It is necessary to identify those international instruments whose adoption has ensured the international legal prohibition of the use of doping in sporting competitions, and to determine what place and influence UNESCO’s legislative and other activities have in this respect. It is also necessary to outline the network of specialized international organizations active in the field of sports in general and anti-doping activities in particular, and to demarcate their powers with UNESCO.The extreme complexity and importance of the sporting field for the modern world is driving a growing number of violations of the rules established in this field. A large percentage of the total number of violations of sporting rules is the violation of the prohibition on doping in sports, when, in order to increase their chances of winning high-ranking awards, athletes are prepared to neglect any prohibitions, risking not only the principles of «fair sport» but also their own health. and even life. A large number of such violators are opposed by an extensive system of anti-doping organizations, the role of UNESCO among which is extremely important. Further improvement of the existing international anti-doping system requires a detailed study of UNESCO’s role in this activity, which will outline further scientific and practical prospects for improving its effectiveness and overcoming the problem of doping in modern sport.Research Methods (Methods): The methods of historicism, comparative and system analysis, as well as the method of formal logic, were used.Results obtained: UNESCO was far from sports and anti-doping issues at its inception in 1945, but has now become one of the leading United Nations institutions in the field of physical education and sport, as well as one of the largest intergovernmental organizations. a world that opposes the use of doping in professional sports. With the participation of UNESCO, several extremely important instruments have been adopted in this area. These include the 1964 Manifesto for Sport (jointly with the International Council on Physical Education and Sports – SICEP); The International Charter on Physical Education and Sports of 1978 (which became the basis for the adoption of many important documents by other international organizations, including the IOC Olympic Anti-Doping Code of 1988 and the 1989 Council of Europe Anti-Doping Convention); and, of course, the 2005 UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport. Each of these documents has forever become an integral part of the history of the formation of international sports law and the basis on which all modern international anti-doping struggle in the world of sports is based.UNESCO is currently a key partner of the World Anti-Doping Agency in the fight against doping in sport. UNESCO is responsible for the implementation of the International Convention on the Suppression of Doping in Sport and, in so doing, cooperates mainly with governments. WADA also works with sports movements (IOC, IPC, international sports federations, etc.), as well as with anti-doping organizations to ensure compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code.The practical value of the article: at present, the international system of combating doping in sports is experiencing a systemic crisis caused by inefficient methods of interaction between anti-doping organizations, corruption and the lack of large-scale global organizations that counteract the use of doping in the target doping. Research in this area draws the attention of the scientific community and practitioners in the field of anti-doping to the need to review the anti-doping methods used. It is necessary to change the vector of efforts to find stricter penalties for violations to find ways to encourage lawful behavior. We believe that it is UNESCO with its credibility and influence that can be a source of change that takes doping in sport to a whole new level.

Внесок товариства «Bukowiner Allgemeiner Sportklub» у розвиток фізкультурно-спортивного руху на Буковині

Вступ. Друга половина ХІХ – початок ХХ ст. – це час, коли на Буковині, коронному краї Австро- Угорської імперії, склалися політичні, економічні та соціальні умови для розвитку освіти, науки й культури, відбулося кількісне збільшення громадських товариств та урізноманітнення напрямів їхньої діяльності. Створено товариства, які повністю або частково розв’язували проблеми фізичного виховання дітей і молоді. Піонером спортивного руху в краї став «Bukowiner Allgemeiner Sportklub». Мета дослідження – про- аналізувати діяльність товариства «Bukowiner Allgemeiner Sportklub», визначити його внесок у розвиток фізкультурно-спортивного руху на Буковині на початку ХХ ст. Методи дослідження – вивчення літературних джерел, документальних й історичних матеріалів, теоретичний аналіз і синтез отриманих даних. У дослідженні використано матеріали фондів установ Австрії (із 1867 р. Австро-Угорщини) 1775–1918 рр. Державного архіву Чернівецької області. Результати дослідження. «Bukowiner Allgemeiner Sportklub» – громадське товариство, яке діяло на Буковині в 1910–1913 рр. Його діяльність була позбавлена політичних, національних, конфесійних упереджень та ґрунтувалася на принципах расової, класової й майнової рівності, а також на головних життєвих пріоритетах – тілесному та духовному здоров’ї. Клубом організовано гурток спортивних (рухливих) ігор для юнаків, секції з футболу, важкої атлетики, велоспорту, ковзанярського, лижного спорту; відкрито два льодові майданчики, спортивний майданчик у Чернівцях, спортивні гуртки в містах Радівці та Солка; налагоджено активну участь членів клубу в змаганнях із легкої атлетики, плавання, туризму. Висновки. За період існування клубу «Bukowiner Allgemeiner Sportklub» його членами налагоджено роботу спортивних секцій, організовано й проведено низку змагань, облаштовано спортивні споруди. До прогресивних починань можна віднести гнучку систему оплати членства в клубі, існування пільг, різноманіття надання спортивних послуг, широку кампанію з популяризації здорового способу життя. Отже, клуб був активним учасником фізкультурного руху на Буковині, а діяльність його членів поклала початок розвитку спорту в краї.

Relationship of execution time and accuracy in sports movement

Relationship of execution time and accuracy in sports movement

Plantar pressures differences between the flat, slice and topspin serves

Analysis of plantar pressure during sport movement performance can provide significant information to athletes and coaches regarding sport performance and plantar loads. In tennis, the serve is one of the most difficult and most important strokes. The purpose of this study was to examine the plantar pressure differences between the flat, slice and topspin serves with the “foot back” serving technique on greenest tennis surfaces of junior athletes aged 10 to 16. The results showed that the loads were higher on the rear (right) back foot of all the three serves. The Fmax was higher in foot toes for all types of serve and the peak pressure was higher in slice serve in the metatarsal forefoot region of the back right foot. The results showed that the technique applied, mainly to the footwork, varies between types of serves. So, each type of the three serves has different loads.

Estimation of Knee Joint Forces in Sport Movements Using Wearable Sensors and Machine Learning.

Knee joint forces (KJF) are biomechanical measures used to infer the load on knee joint structures. The purpose of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) that estimates KJF during sport movements, based on data obtained by wearable sensors. Thirteen participants were equipped with two inertial measurement units (IMUs) located on the right leg. Participants performed a variety of movements, including linear motions, changes of direction, and jumps. Biomechanical modelling was carried out to determine KJF. An ANN was trained to model the association between the IMU signals and the KJF time series. The ANN-predicted KJF yielded correlation coefficients that ranged from 0.60 to 0.94 (vertical KJF), 0.64 to 0.90 (anterior–posterior KJF) and 0.25 to 0.60 (medial–lateral KJF). The vertical KJF for moderate running showed the highest correlation (0.94 ± 0.33). The summed vertical KJF and peak vertical KJF differed between calculated and predicted KJF across all movements by an average of 5.7% ± 5.9% and 17.0% ± 13.6%, respectively. The vertical and anterior–posterior KJF values showed good agreement between ANN-predicted outcomes and reference KJF across most movements. This study supports the use of wearable sensors in combination with ANN for estimating joint reactions in sports applications.

PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOUT MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE USING COGNITIVE VISUALIZATION

Aim. The article deals with justifying the means of providing information about movement technique using cognitive visualization. Materials and methods. The following methods have been used for the study: the study and analysis of the psychological, pedagogical, and methodical literature; the synthesis of the advanced theory and practice of teaching movements; the synthesis of concepts and general provisions. Results. Cognitive visualization of educational information provides a better perception of complex knowledge. The principles of cognitive visualization can be effectively used in teaching movements to form in students a general idea about solving a movement task. The information about exercise technique in visual form implies the creation of such a mean which allows establishing key elements in the structure of the action studied (main positions, control movements, phases, cycles) and providing the students with information for a conscious and effective search for the most efficient movement. The effect of cognitive visualization is supposed to be achieved through the integration of the graphical elements into a video of the sports movement. One-hand throwing is used as an example of movement technique. Conclusion. Preparing the information about movement technique using cognitive visualization should be performed based on structured and visually treated information in dynamic form. The most optimal way of providing the knowledge on exercise technique is a video created with multimedia technologies.

Effect of different trunk postures on scapular muscle activities and kinematics during shoulder external rotation

Shoulder external rotation at abduction (ER) is a notable motion in overhead sports because it could cause strong stress to the elbow and shoulder joint. However, no study has comprehensively investigated the effect of different trunk postures during ER. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different trunk postures on scapular kinematics and muscle activities during ER. Fourteen healthy men performed active shoulder external rotation at 90° of abduction with the dominant arm in 15 trunk postures. At maximum shoulder external rotation in 15 trunk postures, including 4 flexion-extension, 6 trunk rotation, and 4 trunk side-bending postures, as well as upright posture as a control, scapular muscle activities and kinematics were recorded using surface electromyography and an electromagnetic tracking device, respectively. The data obtained in the flexion-extension, trunk rotation, and trunk side-bending postures were compared with those obtained in the upright posture. In the flexion-extension condition, scapular posterior tilt and external rotation significantly decreased, but the muscle activities of the lower trapezius and infraspinatus significantly increased in maximum trunk flexion. Moreover, scapular upward rotation and the activity of the serratus anterior significantly increased in maximum trunk extension. In the rotation condition, scapular posterior tilt and external rotation significantly decreased, but the activity of the serratus anterior significantly increased in the maximum contralateral trunk rotation posture. In the trunk side-bending condition, scapular posterior tilt and the external rotation angle significantly decreased. Trunk postures affected scapular kinematics and muscle activities during ER. Our results suggestthat different trunk postures activate the lower trapezius and serratus anterior, which induce scapular posterior tilt.

Muscular Pre-activation Can Boost the Maximal Explosive Eccentric Adaptive Force.

The improvement of power is an objective in training of athletes. In order to detect effective methods of exercise, basic research is required regarding the mechanisms of muscular activity. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not a muscular pre-activation prior to an external impulse-like force impact has an effect on the maximal explosive eccentric Adaptive Force (xpAFeccmax). This power capability combines different probable power enhancing mechanisms. To measure the xpAFeccmax an innovative pneumatic device was used. During measuring, the subject tries to hold an isometric position as long as possible. In the moment in which the subjects’ maximal isometric holding strength is exceeded, it merges into eccentric muscle action. This process is very close to motions in sports, where an adaptation of the neuromuscular system is required, e.g., force impacts caused by uneven surfaces during skiing. For investigating the effect of pre-activation on the xpAFeccmax of the quadriceps femoris muscle, n = 20 subjects had to pass three different pre-activation levels in a randomized order (level 1: 0.4 bar, level 2: 0.8 bar, level 3: 1.2 bar). After adjusting the standardized pre-pressure by pushing against the interface, an impulse-like load impacted on the distal tibia of the subject. During this, the xpAFeccmax was detected. The maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was also measured. The torque values of the xpAFeccmax were compared with regard to the pre-activation levels. The results show a significant positive relation between the pre-activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle and the xpAFeccmax (male: p = 0.000, η2= 0.683; female: p = 0.000, η2= 0.907). The average percentage increase of torque amounted +28.15 ± 25.4% between MVIC and xpAFeccmax with pre-pressure level 1, +12.09 ± 7.9% for the xpAFeccmax comparing pre-pressure levels 1 vs. 2 and +2.98 ± 4.2% comparing levels 2 and 3. A higher but not maximal muscular activation prior to a fast impacting eccentric load seems to produce an immediate increase of force outcome. Different possible physiological explanatory approaches and the use as a potential training method are discussed.

CAN WE DETERMINE FATIGUE IN GAIT BY ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL?

Motion analysis implies that sufficiently complex models of the human neuromusculoskeletal system can be used for the simulation and analysis of sports motions and, at least in principle, for the biomechanical optimization of the performance in the various sport disciplines. A new methodological assessment using the Fast Fourier Transform was created to compare the frequency patterns of the gait in terms of Phase space model as a mathematical space that represents all states of a system. In this respect, the n marker coordinates connected to a human body and the respective velocities establish a 2n-dimensional phase space and hence fully describe the movement. For example, the scalar product of the distance between shoulder and ankle was investigated using a Fast Fourier Transform (Muller, Vieten &amp; Kilani, 2012.) Using similar approach, can we provide enough information to identify a certain degree of fatigue in running based just on one parameter, say the distance between the left hip joint and the tip of the left foot as a function of time? Our subjects walked/run at their individual speed on a treadmill by holding at both sidebars to get comparable movement patterns. A motion analysis was investigated with three infrared cameras at a frequency of 100Hz by Lukotronic System (LUKOtronic Lutz-Kovacs-Electronics OEG, Innsbruck, Austria). Eleven reflected markers were placed at the backside of the subjects. The scalar product of the distance between shoulder and ankle was investigated using a Fast Fourier Transform. To amplify the higher harmonical frequencies, the distance data was differentiated with respect to time. To be independent of individual walking speed, the frequency data was normalized afterwards. The area under the first peak (fundamental frequency) and the nine following peaks (higher harmonical frequencies) were measured. Next step in the methodology is filtering; followed by calculating the first derivative and thereafter the plot of the phase space (Vieten, 2007). This paper demonstrates that beside the traditional descriptive" studies (standard equipment and a moderate amount of work expenditure) and the simulations approach (usually with lots of effort, lots of equipment) a third avenue the “dynamical system approach" (DSA) exists. DSA promises new and exciting views of new and old problems while the expenditure in equipment and time is also affordable for smaller research groups.

Normative Bridges and Barriers in the Framing of Emerging Sports Movements

Why have some small, emerging sports communities grown faster than others? To begin answering this question, the analysis presented here considers the case of disc golf, a flying disc sport that has grown rapidly since the early twenty-first century. This research conceptualizes the disc golf community as a new social movement and examines how the news media has influenced its development. Drawing on a large, diverse sample of local and national news materials, this study finds that the volume of disc golf news coverage is correlated with reliable measures of the sport’s growth. In addition, a content analysis of 2920 newspaper articles is used to identify the news frames that may promote, or attenuate disc golf’s “grow the sport movement.” The theoretical and methodological contributions of this study shed further light on the complex relationship between the news media and the evolution of small, non-normative sports movements.

Sport Activities Management in P.E Lesson for Physical Education Teachers (Obstacles, Solutions)

Sport Activities Management in P.E Lesson for Physical Education Teachers (Obstacles, Solutions)Abdallah Abdel Halim MohamedAssistant professor at department of curriculum, teaching methods, training and sport movement science. faculty of P.E, University of Sadat CitAbdallah Abdel Halim MohamedAssistant professor at department of curriculum, teaching methods, training and sport movement science. faculty of P.E, University of Sadat CiCorresponding authorPhone: 01002699588Email: drdrabdallah@yahoo.comAbstract:The aim of this research was to identify obstacles of Sports activities management during the implementation physical education teachers of P.E lessons. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey style on a sample of P.E teachers in the government preparatory schools. The percentages and obstacles to the management of school activities in the educational process facing the teachers of the public preparatory schools during the implementation of P.E classes, and the most appropriate solutions through which to overcome these obstacles from the point of view of teachers. Keywords: Sports activities, PE lesson, Obstacles.

Good governance in Sport: comparative law aspects

Following the major scandals that have recently stained the reputation of the world of professional sports, it has become clear that rules should be set out in order to ensure that sports organisations are governed in a proper and ethical manner. While the Sport Movement engaged in a major reform process, especially at the level of regional and international sports federations, States in Europe also consider it necessary to regulate in the field of sports governance in its micro-sense, namely the organisation and management within sports organisations. As a result, one is witnessing the emergence of a new trend among European States to include sports governance as a topic of Sports Governance in its macro sense, namely the relationship between the State and the Sport Movement. In doing so, States have adopted all kinds of measures. While examining different types of measures, ranging from compulsory codes of conduct or covenants on ethical sports to voluntary codes on good governance and selfevaluation tools, this paper will in particular focus on mandatory codes on sports governance, namely a measure designed to encourage good governance within sports organisations by making public funding conditional upon compliance with a defined set of sports governance requirements.

Relationships between Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratio and Variables Describing Countermovement and Drop Jumps.

The impact of the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio on sport movement performance has not been sufficiently described. However, it seems that in movements involving eccentric-concentric muscular contractions, a higher hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio should have a positive impact on human movement performance. The present study is aimed at identifying relationships between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables describing countermovement and drop jumps. The study was carried out in a group of 14 female soccer players. The tests were conducted using a Kistler force plate, an SG electrogoniometer, and the Biodex System 4 Pro dynamometer. Each player performed three countermovement jumps (CMJ) and three drop jumps (DJ) from heights of 15, 30, 45, and 60 cm. The peak torques of knee extensors and flexors were measured in isometric conditions and in isokinetic conditions at angular velocities of 30o/s, 60o/s, 90o/s, and 120o/s. Statistically significant relationships were found between the variables that describe CMJ, DJ 15, DJ 30, and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio at some, though not all, of the angular velocities measured. No significant relationships were found between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables that describe DJ 45 and DJ 60. The heights of CMJ, DJ 15, and DJ 30 were increased with higher hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratios. Analogous relationships were found between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and relative mechanical power during the take-off phase of the CMJ. Significant relationships between the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and variables that describe vertical jump are likely to be observed if adequate angular velocity is used in the measurement of muscle torque.

#SportToo: Implications of and Best Practice for the #MeToo Movement in Sport

The #MeToo movement has brought long needed attention to the epidemic of sexual assault and sexual violence. In the world of sports, the need to prevent and address such acts requires individuals with training in clinical, forensic and sport psychology. These professionals must have particular understanding of the dynamics of sexual violence within the athletic and sport culture. This paper serves to highlight context-specific approaches to pertinent identification and treatment issues. An overview of sexual abuse victim and perpetrator identification will be offered. In addition to the introduction of risk assessment and recommendation of comprehensive prevention programming, treatment needs in the athletic context will be explored. Group-level interventions currently being utilized will be reviewed, recommended topic areas to be covered in protocols will be enumerated and suggestions for systemic and cultural change in the sport domain will be offered.

Evaluating Segmental Contribution To Whole-body Center Of Mass Movement In Sub-maximal Overhand Throwing.

Recent advancements in wearable technology have allowed kinematic data collection in field-based settings, improving the ecological validity of research investigations. The wrench notation and quaternion algebra inverse dynamics technique does not require the integration of force platform data, therefore may allow field-based computation of joint kinetics for various sport movements, including overhand throwing. In order to apply this technique efficiently, it is important to understand segmental contributions to whole-body center of mass (CoM) movement. PURPOSE: Evaluate segmental contribution to the estimation of whole-body CoM movement both proximal and distal to the throwing elbow. METHODS: Three right-handed, male club baseball players performed forty trials of sub-maximal overhand throwing. Position data for each trial were acquired using a 3-d optical motion capture system and infrared reflective markers placed according to standard body segment parameter recommendations. From position data, segmental and whole-body CoM were computed for body mass positioned proximal and distal to the throwing elbow. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values were computed using time-series position data between each segment CoM and whole-body CoM. Two one-way ANOVAs were performed on RMSE values in the x (direction of throw), y (perpendicular to the throw), and z (vertical) directions. To evaluate the movement of mass proximal to the throwing elbow, twelve body segments were included as levels within a single segment factor. To evaluate the movement of mass distal to the throwing elbow, two segments were included as levels within a single segment factor. RESULTS: Main effects of segment were observed for RMSE in the x, y, and z directions (p = < 0.001 - 0.001). Trunk RMSE in the x, y, and z directions (x: 40.5 ± 7.4 mm, y: 28.9 ± 5.2 mm, z: 9.5 ± 4.0 mm) was significantly lower versus all other segments proximal to the throwing elbow (p = < 0.001 - 0.028). Right forearm RMSE in the x, y, and z directions (x: 28.9 ± 3.3 mm, y: 22.6 ± 2.3 mm, z: 31.7 ± 1.0 mm) was significantly lower versus the right hand (p = < 0.001 - 0.001). CONCLUSION: During an overhand throwing task, the results suggest that CoM movement of the trunk and throwing forearm pattern closely with the movement of whole-body CoM located proximal and distal to the throwing elbow.