Period Of Movement Research Articles

Population genomics of Bacillus anthracis from an anthrax hyperendemic area reveals transmission processes across spatial scales and unexpected within-host diversity.

Genomic sequencing has revolutionized our understanding of bacterial disease epidemiology, but remains underutilized for zoonotic pathogens in remote endemic settings. Anthrax, caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis , remains a threat to human and animal health and rural livelihoods in low- and middle-income countries. While the global genomic diversity of B. anthracis has been well-characterized, there is limited information on how its populations are genetically structured at the scale at which transmission occurs, critical for understanding the pathogen’s evolution and transmission dynamics. Using a uniquely rich dataset, we quantified genome-wide SNPs among 73 B. anthracis isolates derived from 33 livestock carcasses sampled over 1 year throughout the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania, a region hyperendemic for anthrax. Genome-wide SNPs distinguished 22 unique B. anthracis genotypes (i.e. SNP profiles) within the study area. However, phylogeographical structure was lacking, as identical SNP profiles were found throughout the study area, likely the result of the long and variable periods of spore dormancy and long-distance livestock movements. Significantly, divergent genotypes were obtained from spatio-temporally linked cases and even individual carcasses. The high number of SNPs distinguishing isolates from the same host is unlikely to have arisen during infection, as supported by our simulation models. This points to an unexpectedly wide transmission bottleneck for B. anthracis , with an inoculum comprising multiple variants being the norm. Our work highlights that inferring transmission patterns of B. anthracis from genomic data will require analytical approaches that account for extended and variable environmental persistence, as well as co-infection.

High temporal resolution measurements of movement reveal novel early-life physiological decline in C. elegans.

Age-related physiological changes are most notable and best-studied late in life, while the nature of aging in early- or middle-aged individuals has not been explored as thoroughly. In C. elegans, many studies of movement vs. age generally focus on three distinct phases: sustained, youthful movement; onset of rapidly progressing impairment; and gross immobility. We investigated whether this first period of early-life adult movement is a sustained “healthy” level of high function followed by a discrete “movement catastrophe”—or whether there are early-life changes in movement that precede future physiological declines. To determine how movement varies during early adult life, we followed isolated individuals throughout life with a previously unachieved combination of duration and temporal resolution. By tracking individuals across the first six days of adulthood, we observed declines in movement starting as early as the first two days of adult life, as well as high interindividual variability in total daily movement. These findings suggest that movement is a highly dynamic behavior early in life, and that factors driving movement decline may begin acting as early as the first day of adulthood. Using simulation studies based on acquired data, we suggest that too-infrequent sampling in common movement assays limits observation of early-adult changes in motility, and we propose feasible strategies and a framework for designing assays with increased sensitivity for early movement declines.

A New Foundation for Freedom of Movement in an Age of Sovereign Control: The Liberal Jurisprudence of August Wilhelm Heffter

This article addresses how a once influential but now obscure jurist addressed a potential paradox in liberal thought—between democratic control over borders and transnational rights—as it arose in the mid-nineteenth-century, amid advocacy against authoritarianism and for free trade and movement, on the one hand, and the increasing calling into question of natural law theories that may have best facilitated free movement, on the other. While scholarship has increasingly shown how the boundaries between periods of natural law and positivist hegemony are difficult to distinguish, specific tensions in the mid-nineteenth-century called for an approach that preserved free movement in light of the growing appeal of empiricism and state sovereignty. In this context, August Wilhelm Heffter proposed that states were bound by higher law as a consequence of their free decision to enter international communities: these communities’ purpose, he wrote, bred customary laws facilitating interstate interaction. Heffter’s approximation of “natural” law in a more positivist context and his use of the period’s “customary” logic helps account for his influence not only in periods of free trade and movement’s ascendancy but also the survival of forms of his thought into periods of sovereigntist reaction against them. It therefore holds potential to address what scholarship has termed today’s “liberal paradox” between democracy and migration better than approaches that emphasize a more complete return to natural law.

Assessment of Fish Abundance, Biodiversity and Movement Periodicity Changes in a Large River over a 20-Year Period

A river is an ecosystem where fish fauna represents an important structural element. To re-establish connectivity, it is imperative to allow movement between functional habitats. Due to the hydromorphological complexity of large anthropized rivers and the lack of study techniques that can be used in such environments, relevant data with regard to fish ecology are scarce. On the River Meuse, Belgium, at a point 323 km upstream from the North Sea, the Lixhe hydroelectric dam is equipped with two fishways. Both were continuously monitored using capture traps for 20 consecutive years (from 1999 to 2018), representing 4151 monitoring events. The objectives of the present study were to describe the overall abundance and movement indicators of mainly holobiotic potamodromous fish species and to analyse their temporal evolution. We captured 388,631 individuals (n = 35 fish species) during the 20 years of fishway monitoring; 22.7% were adults (>75% of which were cyprinids), and 83.3% juveniles (>90% cyprinids). From 1999 to 2018, the results showed a drastic reduction in yearly captures for some native species as well as the apparent emergence of non-native (e.g., Silurus glanis) and reintroduced species (e.g., Salmo salar). The annual capture periodicities associated with environmental factors were clearly defined and were mostly related to the spring spawning migration of the adult stage. This long-term monitoring demonstrated how the fishways are used by the whole fish community and allowed a better understanding of their movement ecology in a large lowland anthropized river. The appearance of non-native species and the drastic decline in abundance of some common and widespread European fish should prompt river managers to adopt conservation measures.

Kittlitz’s Murrelet Seasonal Distribution and Post-breeding Migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean

Kittlitz’s Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) nest during summer in glaciated or recently deglaciated (post-Wisconsin) landscapes. They forage in adjacent marine waters, especially those influenced by glacial meltwater. Little is known of their movements and distribution outside the breeding season. To identify post-breeding migrations of murrelets, we attached satellite transmitters to birds (n = 47) captured at sea in the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands during May – July 2009 – 15 and tracked 27 birds that migrated from capture areas. Post-breeding murrelets migrated toward the Bering Sea, with short periods of movement (median 2 d) separated by short stopovers (median 1 d). Travel speeds averaged 79.4 km d-1 (83.5 SD, 449.1 maximum). Five Kittlitz’s Murrelets tagged in Prince William Sound in May migrated to the Bering Sea by August and four continued north to the Arctic Ocean, logging 2500 – 4000 km of travel. Many birds spent 2‒3 weeks with little movement along coasts of the Alaska Peninsula or eastern Bering Sea during late August through September, also the pre-basic molt period. Ship-based surveys, many of which were conducted concurrently with our telemetry studies, confirmed that substantial numbers of Kittlitz’s Murrelets migrate into the Arctic Ocean during autumn. They also revealed that some birds spend winter and spring in the Bering Sea in association with ice-edge, polynya, or marginal ice zone habitats before returning to summer breeding grounds. We conclude that this species is best characterized as a sub-Arctic and Arctic species, which has implications for future risk assessments and threat mitigation.

Integrating Biologging and Behavioral State Modeling to Identify Cryptic Behaviors and Post-capture Recovery Processes: New Insights From a Threatened Marine Apex Predator

Multisensor biologging provides a powerful tool for ecological research, enabling fine-scale observation of animals to directly link physiology and movement to behavior across ecological contexts. However, applied research into behavioral disturbance and recovery following human interventions (e.g., capture and translocation) has mostly relied on coarse location-based tracking or unidimensional approaches (e.g., dive profiles and activity/energetic metrics) that may not resolve behaviors and recovery processes. Biologging can improve insights into both disturbed and natural behavior, which is critical for management and conservation initiatives, although challenges remain in objectively identifying distinct behavioral modes from complex multisensor datasets. Using white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) released from a non-lethal catch-and-release shark bite mitigation program, we explored how combining multisensor biologging (video, depth, accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers), track reconstruction and behavioral state modeling using hidden Markov models (HMMs) can improve our understanding of behavioral processes and recovery. Biologging tags were deployed on eight white sharks, recording their continuous behaviors, movements, and environmental context (habitat, interactions with other organisms/objects) for periods of 10–87 h post-release. Dive profiles and tailbeat analysis (as a standard, activity-based method for assessing recovery) indicated an immediate “disturbed” period of offshore movement, displaying rapid tailbeats and an average tailbeat-derived recovery period of 9.7 h, with evidence of smaller individuals having longer recoveries. However, further integrating magnetometer-derived headings, track reconstruction and HMM modeling revealed a cryptic shift to diurnal clockwise-counterclockwise circling behavior, which we argue represents compelling new evidence for hypothesized unihemispheric sleep amongst elasmobranchs. By simultaneously providing critical information toward conservation-focused shark management and understudied aspects of shark behavior, our study highlights how integrating multisensor information through HMMs can improve our understanding of both post-release and natural behavior, especially in species that are difficult to observe directly.

Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove-Kalergi, Paneuropa und die Tschechoslowakei

Richard Nikolaus Coudenhove‐Kalergi was the founder of the Pan‐European Movement in the interwar period. The movement’s aim was the unification of European states to achieve peace. After World War I, Coudenhove became a citizen of the newly founded Czechoslovakia. Unsurprisingly, he attributed an important role to his new fatherland within Pan‐Europe. Coudenhove had tried to establish Pan‐Europe on the basis of the so‐called Little Entente. His connections to the Hradschin were excellent: Tomáš Masaryk, Edvard Beneš and Milan Hodža supported Pan‐Europe. The article discusses the rise and fall of the man and his movement with regard to the Czechoslovak connections.

RESULT OF BONE BLOCKING SURGERY IN COMBAT ATHLETES WITH ANTERIOR SHOULDER INSTABILITY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY.

ABSTRACTObjective:This study aims to understand the way fighting athletes respond to bone block surgery in the treatment for shoulder instability.Methods:Prospective clinical study with competitive fighters with shoulder instability who underwent bone block surgery from 2013 to 2016, followed by a postoperative rehabilitation protocol. For the evaluation, eight combat athletes with anterior shoulder instability were treated, with a total of nine shoulders, since one athlete underwent bilateral surgery. All patients signed the Free and Informed Consent Form. The evaluation protocol included medical consultation, radiography of the operated shoulder, degree of active and passive lateral rotation; degree of active and passive elevation; visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain; Athletic Shoulder Outcome Rating Scale (EROE; acronym in Portuguese) scores; Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES).Results:We observed a decrease in the range of passive and active movement in the recent postoperative period. In later postoperative, values were close to those in the preoperative period at the end of the follow-up. There was improvement in pain, and in all ASES, WOSI and EROE scores no complications were documented. As for returning to sport, two athletes did not return, one of them due to shoulder pain and the other due to retirement.Conclusion:Bone block surgery has shown good functional results in uncomplicated combat athletes. Level of Evidence IV, Prospective Case Series.

Intellectuals-enlighteners in the prose of O. Konyskyi and B. Grinchenko: the problem of their realization

The article deals with the prose works by two representatives of Ukrainian literature from the last quarter of the 19th century — Oleksandr Konyskyi and Borys Grinchenko. It emphasizes that a number of their works expand the genre-style possibilities of Ukrainian prose of their time, while simultaneously embodying their efforts within the limits of realistic artistic prose to model the desired idea of society. Aware of the limitations of their practical actions, the novelists count on the literature role of a serious mediator for the established communication between the “old” and “young” intellectuals, between the intellectuals and the people. The ideological prose was a way to promote Ukrainian culture and attract new forces to the cultural-enlightenment movement. The subject of research is the problematic-ideological basis of the works and their system of images. The object of research is the prose works by O. Konyskyi and B. Grinchenko, where the driving force of the plot and the main protagonists are representatives of various Ukrainian intellectuals, who used to be called "new people". The aim of the article is to trace the examples of these two authors’ works and how the ideas of the national movement and mood were changing among the Ukrainian public and cultural figures in the older and younger generations of Ukrainophiles. The stated aim includes solving the following tasks: to outline the different periods of the populist movement in Ukraine in the perception of its long-term and active participants; to analyse the approach to conceptualizing the image of the “new man” as a bearer of a new ideology and the popularization of the latter among the broad masses; to find out to what extent the dreams of the populists corresponded with reality. As the result of the analysis carried out using the approaches of biographical, historical-literary, and empirical research methods, it was possible to establish that the tasks faced by ideological prose at the beginning of the 70s of the 19th century did not lose their relevance in the last decade of the 19th century, since the internal policy of the government towards the Ukrainians essentially did not change. According to the authors, literature could program a certain social behaviour of a significant social group, however, for objective reasons, works from the life of the intellectuals were known to a small audience.

Sublethal pesticide exposure influences behaviour, but not condition in a widespread Australian lizard.

Assessment of non-target impacts of pesticides used widely in agriculture and pest management rarely considers reptiles. Despite their integral role in all ecosystems, particularly arid ecosystems, reptiles are not included in risk assessments. Two pesticides used in agricultural pest management are fipronil and fenitrothion. Here, we used a field-based BACI design experiment in semi-arid Australia to investigate the impact of these pesticides on basic physiological and behavioural parameters of a common arid-zone lizard species, Pogona vitticeps. Fipronil and fenitrothion were applied at ecologically relevant doses via oral gavage. Before and after dosing, blood, physical activity and body condition parameters were assessed. We found that temperature significantly influenced lizard activity in the morning period of movement; however, fipronil-treated individuals moved at least 49% less than fenitrothion-treated and control lizards from 7days after dosing through to the end of the experiment. Physiological measures did not change significantly before or after exposure to both pesticides; however, other indicators showed evidence of exposure, which remained for the entirety of our monitoring period. On average, cholinesterase inhibition was still >30% compared with control lizards at the end of 4weeks, and fipronil sulfone blood residues remained at 0.219μg/ml. Our study provides novel insights into the impacts that common pesticides have on widespread lizard species. We show that an ecologically relevant low dose of fipronil alters the behaviour of P. vitticeps, which has the potential to impact longer-term survivability. Persistence of both pesticides in the blood of all treatment lizards throughout the experiment indicates they are unable to clear these toxins within a month of being exposed. This may be significant for compounding exposure and latent toxicity. These findings highlight the susceptibility that reptiles have to a selection of common pesticides and the inherent need for higher prominence in wildlife ecotoxicological research.

Emergence and transformation of the China’s “wholesale westernization” idea

In the early 20th century, Chinese society was in the process of searching for new directions of development and state building. The inability to reform was one of the reasons for the fall of the old government, and the experience of young people educated in the West and Japan became the basis for a broad cultural debate on the modernization of the country and society. Prominent figures of the May Fourth Movement period sought to change the country and theorized about the ways and directions of necessary transformations. The concepts of “modernization” and “westernization” were perceived as virtually synonymous, but the idea of “wholesale westernization” proposed by Chen Xujing and Hu Shi became an occasion to reconsider the importance of one’s own traditional achievements and the significance of national unity in the face of external threats. “Wholesale modernization” also touched upon the problem of cultural nihilism in intellectual circles of the time. While Lu Xun called for abandoning the reading of Chinese literature, abandoning the complex and inaccessible to the masses of the literary language, representatives of the Nationalist Party revived the compulsory study of literary canons. Westernization was perceived by part of society as a complete and unquestioning recognition of China as a backward country that needs experience and knowledge from the developed Western world. The uncompromising desire to reject the worst manifestations of traditional Chinese culture had patriotic motives, but received very little support from society. The war of resistance to the Japanese occupation left no room for continuing the dialogue around the idea of “wholesale westernization”. The poor formulation and untimeliness of the idea left it out of the attention of Chinese intellectual circles for a long time. The Chinese path of reform and development has again raised the issue of modernization and westernization, but in the new context these concepts acquire new meaning. At the end of the 20th century, there is a rethinking of following the example of Western countries – patriotic considerations of predecessors are seen as unrealistic and treacherous ideas. With the development of Chinese society and state, the idea of blindly copying someone else’s experience is increasingly losing its relevance.

In Modern Arabic Literature, 'Al -Ayyām' Biography of Dr. Taha Hussain, as a Model

It has been known about Arabic literature since antiquity, especially from pre-Islamic times, that it is fertile and possesses wonderful fields and treasures, whether in poetry or prose. Modern Arabic literature has spread recently in various studies and artistic and critical forms, which affected this fertile field, and raised its level in front of other foreign literature such as French and American literatures. And he presented it to the circle of great interests of critics, writers, and thinkers, and this is due to the emergence of the prose arts, which occupied the position that was occupied by the arts of poetry in the past, the most important of which are the novel, the story, the play, and the biography, so the biography became the most famous and influential among readers and the strongest expression in technical meanings. Taha Hussain was blind, but God granted him knowledge and insight. He achieved great success in his life. He was a great writer, critic, a great historian, and Egyptian translator. The book “Al-Ayyam” by Taha Hussein is considered the beginning of the biography of the Arab race and an ideal model for him. The book Al-Ayyam was written by the Dean of Literature in three parts, the first part is about childhood and the events that took place in it, and the second part is in the book (Al-Ayyam) in which Dr. Taha Hussein writes about his educational life at Al-Azhar and what he gained in this knowledge environment in Cairo.
 As for the third part of "The Days", Taha Hussein tells us about a new period in his life, the period of struggle for renewal and striving for openness, the period of movement and the transition to a new, different world, the world of Europe

Narcolepsy with intermediate cerebrospinal level of hypocretin-1

To describe the phenotype of narcolepsy with intermediate cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 levels (CSF hcrt-1). From 1600 consecutive patients with narcolepsy from Bologna and Montpellier sleep centers, we selected patients with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 levels (110-200 pg/mL). Clinical, neurophysiological, and biological data were contrasted for the presence of cataplexy, human leukocyte haplotype (HLA)-DQB1*06:02, and median CSF hcrt-1 levels (149.34 pg/mL). Forty-five (55% males, aged 35 ± 17 years) patients (2.8% of all cases) were included. Thirty-three (73%) were HLA-DQB1*06:02, 29 (64%) reported cataplexy (21, 72.4% with typical features), and 5 (11%) had presumed secondary etiology. Cataplexy was associated with other core narcolepsy symptoms, increased sleep onset rapid eye movement periods, and nocturnal sleep disruption. Cataplexy and irrepressible daytime sleep were more frequent in HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive patients. Lower CSF hcrt-1 levels were associated with hallucinations. Narcolepsy with intermediate CSF hcrt-1 level is a rare condition with heterogeneous phenotype. HLA-DQB1*06:02 and lower CSF hcrt-1 were associated with typical narcolepsy features, calling for future research to distinguish incomplete from secondary narcolepsy forms.

Mechanosensitive Piezo1 in Periodontal Ligament Cells Promotes Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a process depending on the remodeling of periodontal tissues surrounding the roots. Orthodontic forces trigger the conversion of mechanical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals within periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, activating alveolar bone remodeling, and thereby, initiating OTM. Recently, the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 has been found to play pivotal roles in the different types of human cells by transforming external physical stimuli into intercellular chemical signals. However, the function of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells has rarely been reported. Herein, we established a rat OTM model to study the potential role of Piezo1 during the mechanotransduction process of PDL cells and investigate its effects on the tension side of alveolar bone remodeling. A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: the OTM + inhibitor (INH) group, the OTM group, and the control (CON) group. Nickel-titanium orthodontic springs were applied to trigger tooth movement. Mice were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after orthodontic movement for the radiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biological analyses. Our results revealed that the Piezo1 channel was activated by orthodontic force and mainly expressed in the PDL cells during the whole tooth movement period. The activation of the Piezo1 channel was essential for maintaining the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and facilitation of new alveolar bone formation on the tension side. Reduced osteogenesis-associated transcription factors such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Osterix (OSX), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were examined when the function of Piezo1 was inhibited. In summary, Piezo1 plays a critical role in mediating both the osteogenesis and osteoclastic activities on the tension side during OTM.

Is gold a hedge or safe haven against oil and currency market movements? A revisit using multifractal approach.

We investigate gold’s role as a hedge or safe haven against oil price and currency movements across calm and extreme market conditions. For the empirical analysis, we extend the intraday multifractal correlation measure developed by Madani et al. (Bankers, Markets & Investors, 163:2–13, 2020) to consider the dependence for calm and extreme movement periods across different time scales. Interestingly, we employ the rolling window method to examine the time-varying dependence between gold-oil and gold-currency in terms of calm and turmoil market conditions. Based on high frequency (5-min intervals) across the period 2017–2019, our analysis shows three interesting findings. First, gold acts as a weak (strong) hedge for oil (currency) market movements, across all agent types. Second, gold has strong safe-haven capability against extreme currency movements, and against only short time scales of oil price movements. Third, hedging strategies confirm the scale-dependent gold's role in reducing portfolio risk as a hedge or safe haven. Implications for investors, financial institutions, and policymakers are discussed.

Controlling factors of coalbed methane occurrence below redbeds in Xutuan mine: Caprock thickness below redbeds

Coalbed methane (CBM) occurrence is highly significant in gas drainage design and gas disaster prevention. The redbeds of Xutuan mine, red clastic sedimentary rocks, distributed in the southeastern region of the mine, generally make gas contents lower than normal area, which could make CBM occurrence more complicated and ambiguous to determine. To explore the CBM occurrence law and its controlling factors in the redbeds-covered area (RCA), this study constructed geological profiles based on geological exploration drillings, and then analyzed the geological evolution and the critical periods of gas emission in the RCA combining regional geological evolution and sedimentary history of the Guzhen Basin. Additionally, coal samples obtained from the RCA and the non-redbeds covered area (N-RCA) were analyzed through testing the proximate analysis, adsorption constant, and vitrinite reflectance. There are two critical gas emission periods, the Yanshan tectonic movement period when the Huaibei strata lifted and denuded and the deposition of the redbeds in the Guzhen Basin. During the two periods, the caprock below redbeds played a role in gas emissions. The differences in the proximate analysis, adsorption capacity, and metamorphosis between the coal samples from the two regions were relatively small, indicating that redbeds deposition had a minimal effect on the coal properties of the coal seams. Finally, the linear correlation between the in-situ gas contents and caprock thickness below redbeds was determined to be higher than that between the contents and buried depth, proving that the controlling factor of CBM occurrence is the caprock thickness below redbeds in the RCA.

THE EFFECT OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION ON STOCK RETURNS IN THE BANKING INDUSTRY LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE 2016-2019 PERIOD

The aim of this research was to determine the conditions of the application of risk management for commercial banks in Indonesia and to determine the effect of the application of risk management on banking stock price returns based on model 1, model 2, model 3 and determine the best model for stock price return estimation. In measuring the level of risk management implementation in banking, two approaches are used, namely trend analysis and empirical analysis. The following conclusions can be drawn: (1) In model 1, trends The movement of the NETIM variable in one year from period one (March) to period four (December) always goes up and down at the beginning of the year. next. The NONIM variable, the movement in the quarterly period at the beginning tends to be flat, starting to rise in the December 2016 period, while the movement from year to year is not very volatile. (2) In model 2, the trend of the movement of the AVERAGE variable during the 2016-2019 period tends to increase as indicated by the trend line . (3) In model 3, trends The movement of the PRIN1 and PRIN2 variables from year to year during the study period seems to fluctuate (4) Based on the results of the comparison of the four regression estimation models, it can be concluded that the first model is the best model in explain the variation of the movement of the return variable.

Subjective-objective sleepiness discrepancy in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Subjective-objective sleepiness discrepancy in adult-onset myotonic dystrophy type 1.

GJA1 Expression and Left Atrial Remodeling in the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). GJA1 gene encoding connexin43, a major protein in cardiac gap junctions, plays a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in cardiac arrhythmia. However, little is known regarding the role of GJA1 expression in the incidence of AF in patients with OSAS. All prospectively enrolled OSAS patients underwent polysomnography, electrocardiography, a 24-h Holter test, and echocardiography. Moderate-to-severe OSAS was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15. Exosomes were purified from the plasma of all OSAS patients and incubated in HL-1 cells to investigate the effect of exosomes from patients with and without AF on GJA1 expression. A total of 129 patients were recruited for this study; 26 were excluded due to an AHI < 15. Of the 103 enrolled patients, 21 had AF, and 82 did not. Multivariate analysis showed diabetes mellitus, lower sleep efficiency, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, and larger left atrial (LA) size were independent predictors of AF occurrence in OSAS patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for LA with a size ≥38.5 mm for predicting AF occurrence in OSAS patients was 0.795 (95% confidence interval [0.666, 0.925]); p < 0.001). GJA1 expression in HL-1 cells incubated with exosomes from OSAS patients with AF was lower than that with exosomes from patients without AF after controlling for age and sex and was negatively correlated with the AHI and oxygen desaturation index (ODI), especially during the non-rapid eye movement period (NREM) of OSAS patients with AF (all p < 0.05). LA size was an independent predictor of AF occurrence in OSAS patients. The AHI and ODI in the NREM period of OSAS patients with AF were negatively correlated with GJA1 expression in HL-1 cells, which offers a hint that GJA1 may play a crucial role in the development of AF in patients with OSAS.

Quantitative prediction of multi-period tectonic fractures based on integrated geological-geophysical and geomechanics data in deep carbonate reservoirs of Halahatang oilfield in northern Tarim Basin

Multi-period tectonic fractures are common in deep carbonate reservoirs. It's difficult to identify and has the characteristics of stochastic spatial distribution. The quantitative prediction of fractures is critical for unravelling their spatial distribution and for understanding tectonic evolution and stress field distribution. Focusing on the Halahatang oilfield in northern Tarim Basin, outcrop surveys, drilling cores, thin sections, well logs, and seismic data were comprehensively used to better determine the development characteristics, formation time, and spatial distribution of multi-period tectonic fractures based on finite element tectonic stress field simulation. The strike-slip fault system was characterised based on post-stack seismic structural interpretation. By simulating the tectonic stress field in three different tectonic movement periods, taking the fracture density as the evaluation parameter, the spatial distribution characteristics of multi-period fractures were quantified. The numerical simulation results indicated that the development of fractures is controlled by the strike-slip fault, and the Middle Caledonian period is the main formation period of these fractures. This method can accurately predict multi-period complex fractures and can also be applied to other deep carbonate reservoirs.