Movement Of Modules Research Articles

Efficient removal of organic matter and nitrogen from municipal wastewater in multi-module biochar filters for onsite wastewater treatment

ABSTRACT Biochar is a promising material for wastewater treatment. This study assessed multi-module biochar filters (MmBFs) as onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs), comprising movable modules filled with biochar to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen, phosphorus, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wastewater. The MmBF treats wastewater sequentially through six modules: three aerobic modules (M1-M3) for organic matter oxidation and nitrification, two anoxic modules (M4-M5) for denitrification, and an additional module (M6) for the removal of faecal bacteria using biochar and bark. The experiments ran for 381 days using three identical MmBF pilots with two distinct sampling periods, conducted under conditions relevant to OWTSs using municipal wastewater as influent. Water samples were taken from the influent, final effluent, and effluent of each module to evaluate the removal efficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and E. coli. During the second sampling period, the results showed a 95 ± 2.1% removal of COD, along with a substantial removal of total inorganic nitrogen (71 ± 6.6%). However, phosphate removal was limited (3.4 ± 30.4%). E. coli removal decreased from 2.63 ± 0.93 log10 removal in the first sampling period to 1.8 ± 0.73 log10 removal in the second sampling period. In summary, the MmBFs showed promising potential in treating organic matter, nitrogen, and E. coli, making it an alternative option for OWTS. However, further exploration is needed to assess long-term performance, micropollutant removal, and biological activities. Design enhancements, especially for phosphorus removal are necessary.

CH4 hydrate dissociation and CH4 leakage characteristics: Insights from laboratory investigation based on stratified environment reconstruction of natural gas hydrate reservoir

Submarine natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are one of the largest methane reservoirs on Earth, offering huge potential as an alternative energy source and serving as a crucial global carbon sink. However, the substantial risk of methane leakage during NGH development seriously threatens marine and global ecological and environmental safety, presenting a major challenge for commercial NGH exploitation. Focusing on the unknown leakage mechanisms, this study employed a new simulation device to construct a stratified environment and to investigate the characteristics of hydrate dissociation and methane leakage during depressurization production, under conditions of varied fracturing in overlying sediment. A movable module was used to dynamically isolate and connect the hydrate reservoir with the overlying layer. The results showed that the intrusion of overlying water decelerated the reservoir depressurization rate, leading to a mass of hydrate reformation. The invasion locations and flow paths of the overlying water were influenced by the fracture scale of the overlying sediment. Benefiting from the additional sensible heat and reservoir space occupation of the overlying water in the later production stages, the methane recovery ratio in the fracture-containing systems were not significantly affected. However, the leakage methane increased as fracture channels enlarged, reaching up to 9.90 % of the total methane content in the hydrate reservoir. The leakage mechanism primarily involved local overpressure, buoyancy effects, and diffusion. The research, for the first time, experimentally revealed the response relationship between methane leakage and hydrate dissociation, providing foundational data and theoretical support for the safe and efficient NGH development.

Contrapuntal Direction and the Diagnosis of Compositional Relationships in Fifteenth-Century Masses

Contrapuntal direction—the principle that certain progressions may only occur through the motion of the contrapuntal voice towards a stable tenor—is a previously unrecognized implication of the teaching of the theorist and composer Johannes Tinctoris. Although Tinctoris’s interval successions are commonly the same whichever voice is the tenor, Tinctoris omits a small number of oblique progressions where the tenor would move. Although I will not investigate possible reasons for this omission, examples will show that when the missing progressions occur in repertoire, these can be explained by a reappraisal of the contrapuntal functions of the voices. The results extend Julie Cumming’s concept of the “movable module” and demonstrate its presence in music of the 1460s and 1470s. This principle emerges directly from a computer-assisted attempt to connect Tinctoris’s counterpoint with late-fifteenth century composition. Through its ability to recognise tenor function within a voice pair, to identify instances where the tenor function may have moved, or to mark voices that do not form a contrapuntal pair, directional analysis is able both to identify faulty analytical assumptions around voice pairing and to act as a validator of general theories of fifteenth-century compositional structure.

MODULAR MOBILE TRAINING AND TESTING COMPLEX

The materials of the article substantiate the need to create a modular mobile training and testing complex for the purpose of training of experimental-combat units (combat units, groups of scientific and technical support, representatives of manufacturing enterprises of robotic complexes (systems) to conduct tests of experimental or serial samples of robotic complexes (systems) in combat conditions.
 The experience of creating proving grounds and their further use allowed to shift the emphasis towards their mobility. The main idea that formed the basis of the modular mobile training and testing complex is the ability to perform tasks as assigned in any part of Ukraine in a completely autonomous mode.
 The purpose of the main parts of the complex is presented. It is specified which parts the complex consists of. It was found that they can be: mobile (move on their own car chassis); movable (move on platform means of road, air, rail and water transport); combined. It is allowed to add existing stationary structures (buildings) that meet the requirements of state building regulations to the composition of the elements of the complex.
 It has been investigated that the elements of the complex must ensure:
 
 official activity of a permanent staff in the number of at least 30 people (military servicemen, employees) and training of an alternating staff in the number of at least 30 people (those who train), in field conditions regardless of the season and time of day;
 conducting tests in field (proving ground) conditions;
 residence and daily life of personnel;
 storage and maintenance of aerial, ground and water based robotic complexes and systems.
 
 It is assumed that the modular mobile training and testing complex will be used in field conditions, at any time of the year and at any time of the day, and as we emphasized earlier, it should ensure autonomous functioning. It is not intended to be used in areas of hostilities.
 If necessary, the complex can be supplemented with other elements.
 It is proposed to make such a complex from movable modules. Each module can include: a common compartment (at least 90 % of the total internal volume); technical compartment (cabinet); power supply system; life support system. The development and implementation of other necessary components in mobile modules is allowed.
 Further scientific research in this field involves the development of a specification for each element, component, module and their agreement with the certification and codification body of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.

Rationale for the Design of the Stand for Dynamic Testing of Drive Wheels of Agricultural Transport and Technological Machines

Introduction. The development of agricultural production technical support implies the creation of new working tools and machines for soil treatment, and their improvement and research. This process is continuously associated with the use of soil channels and experimental facilities that help to determine the nature of interaction of working elements and wheeled drivers of agricultural machinery, including means of small-scale mechanization, with the soil. The purpose of this study is to provide the rationale for the design of the stand for testing the working elements of tillage units and wheels of transport and technological machines in the agro-industrial complex. Materials and Methods. In order to obtain reliable experimental data on the interaction of wheeled propellers of small-scale mechanization with the soil, the analysis of the basic design of the experimental stand to study the working elements of agricultural machinery was conducted. The requirements for the experimental stand were defined. The experimental-measuring complex “Soil Channel” was developed and manufactured on the basis of production facilities of the Prof. Leshchankin Chair of Mobile Power Tools and Agricultural Machinery of the Institute of Mechanics and Power Engineering of National Research Mordovia State University. Results. The analysis of ensuring the stability of translational motion of the experimental stand movable module is given, the technical solution to ensure the uniformity of its motion is substantiated and the choice of the electromagnetic powder brake type size is made. The kinematic diagram and a prototype of the movable module of the experimental stand for the investigation of the driving wheels of power tillers are developed. Discussion and Conclusion. Improvement of the soil channel design by introducing a removable module into it, will provide tests not only of active, traction and traction-driven working tools of tillage machines, but will also allow studying the nature of interaction of their driving wheels with the soil, carrying out simultaneous control of traction force and slipping. These data can be used for modernization of existing machines and working tools, and for developing new units.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ НАНОСПУТНИКА С РОТОРОМ-МАХОВИКОМ НА ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЕ В ПОДВИЖНОМ МОДУЛЕ

The paper investigates the chaotic dynamics of a composite nanosatellite with variable inertialmass parameters. The nanosatellite consists of two modules connected to each other by means of a system of elastic rods, a carrier body (nanosatellite body) and a movable module. The movable module can make angular deviations relative to the carrier body. A rotor is also installed in the movable module.

KEY REQUIREMENTS FOR CREATING A NEW BUILDING TYPE CYBERHUB AS A RESULT OF THE CYBERSPORT DEVELOPMENT

The article talks about currently relevant issue – computer addiction. Author makes an attempt to start a conversation with a highly conservative society, that has no firm understanding of what cybersport is, and is not willing to let their children pursue this field. The themes are living in the age of rapid development of IT technologies; the definition of cybersport, general pros and cons of computer gaming; Ukraine's need to create cybereducation platforms and spread IT-savviness. While cybersport has its place at the majority of the countries, Ukrainians waste their time casually playing "tanchiki" (common slang for the game). Author argues that one of the reasons for this is the lack of specialized institutional affiliations, agencies, gaming platforms and arenas for development and demonstration of one's skills in the new sport type – cybersport.
 Author formulates the objective of the study as an attempt to determine the relevance of creating a cyberhub, built specifically not for entertainment but for educational purposes; putting together a list of the required zones of such space; creating an entire system which includes constructing multifunctional zones with the help of movable modules. The hub will include cybersport academies and tournament arenas, classrooms, conference and exhibition salons, showrooms and so on; programming the cyberhub inner climate and the protection from hacker cyberattacks will be done with the usage of the "smart-house" technologies. Author defines cyberdesign and its general principles and applies them to unigue aspects of the hub. The main goal for designing such a hub is to create an interior which translates the atmosphere of the past, present and future of gaming and entertainment. The important point is to avoid a post-apocalyptic impression, instead making a connection with the nature, and blending the styles of futuristic and eco-design, thus creating a new niche of space in the cyberculture.

Experimental Stand Movable Module for Determining the Traction-Linked Properties of Wheel Engines and the Results of Laboratory Researches for Determining the Traction Force of Two-Wheel Tractors

Introduction. Farmers make extensive use of two-wheel tractors equipped with traction and drive interchangeable units. Two-wheel tractors are required to move evenly with minimal slip of the drive wheels on the soil. The tractive force on the drive wheels of the tillage unit is the decisive power factor in this case. An objective traction force value can be measured only by carrying out experimental studies. Materials and Methods. To determine the traction force on the drive wheels of the twowheel tractor, the design of the experimental stand was proposed and substantiated (RF patent for useful model No. 188610 “Movable module of the test stand”), and a methodology for planning and conducting a multifactor experiment to determine the traction force was developed. Results. As a result of the laboratory tests the calculation dependencies of the tractive force on the drive wheels of the Neva MB23-MultiAGRO Pro two-wheel tractor were obtained. Soil conditions, design and technological parameters, operating modes of the two-wheel tractor, and rolling resistance forces were taken into account. Discussion and Conclusion. The use of the developed regression models of the traction force under the condition of ensuring uniform movement with the minimum permissible slipping of the driving wheels of the two-wheel tractor on the soil will allow obtaining the permissible values of the two-tractor motion speed and form the zones of its most effective functioning.

Reorienting nanosatellites to a predefined attitude using angular displacements of movable modules

The dynamics of the spatial motion of a nanosatellite with a movable module tilted relative to the main body is considered. Control laws are developed to implement attitude dynamics with suppressing the precession-nutational motion, as well to bringing the nanosatellite into a predefined spatial orientation.

Stabilization of the rotational motion of a composite nanosatellite with a mobile module mounted on a rotating platform

The paper considers the dynamics of the spatial motion of a composite nanosatellite with a movable module making an angular deviation relative to the carrier body. Control laws have been developed to stabilize the rotation of the nanosatellite relative to the longitudinal axis.

Nutational oscillations suppression in attitude dynamics of spacecraft by relative motion of its movable module

Attitude dynamics of a spacecraft with a movable module on retractable beams are considered. The movable module is attached to the main body of the spacecraft by retractable beams of variable length. The spacecraft main body contains a simple jet-engine with constant thrust. The retractable beams can tilt the movable module relatively the main part of the spacecraft, which shifts the position of the mass center. The control scheme of the nutation oscillations suppressing is constructed. This control scheme uses the impulses of the jet-engine on intervals of positive values of the equatorial component of the spacecraft angular velocity at the constant angular displacement of the movable unit. The main aim of this work is to develop the simplest control algorithm, which can be applied in cases of simple constructional forms of the small spacecraft with primitive equipment, including nano-satellites, that is economically profitable and can be used in more space missions.

Attitude dynamics of nanosatellite with a module on retractable beams

Attitude dynamics of nanosatellites with a module on retractable beams is considered. The movable module is attached to the main body of the nanosatellite with the help of retractable beams of variable length. The attitude control is fulfilling by the beams length changing that translates the position of the mass center and creates the torque from the jet-engine with constant fixation relative the main body. The movable module can represent the multifunctional element, e.g. telescope, radiometer etc. Such control scheme allows to use the functional module as the simple actuator of the control system. So in this case the control don’t need the presence of special executive bodies.

Environmental assessment of an integrated adaptive system for the improvement of indoor visual comfort of existing buildings

This research aims to propose and evaluate an integrated adaptive system consisting of individual movable modules for the improvement of indoor environmental conditions. The system was evaluated by means of a natural lighting analysis simulation using Ecotect v5.2 and Desktop Radiance v1.02. Daylighting performance indicators, i.e. daylight factor (DF) and uniformity daylight factor (UDF), were calculated for various geometrical configurations. The analysis suggests that the integration of the system in appropriate geometrical configurations maintains high percentages of the plan area exceeding 2% DF, while it drastically increases UDF above the threshold of 0.40. Moreover, an in-depth analysis of natural lighting levels was performed for south-facing spaces during different periods of the year and hours of the day. In the majority of the cases under study, the proposed system maintains a high percentage of the plan area with lighting levels above 500 lux, while it significantly decreases the percentage of area exceeding 3000 lux and thus minimizes the possibilities of glare issues. The research study confirms the positive contribution of the proposed system as a natural lighting regulation system, while it establishes the concept of prosthetic renovation as a renewable energy strategy for the improvement of indoor comfort of existing buildings.

Various Designs of Meander Inductor and their Influence on LC Resonant Displacement Sensor

This paper deals with various configurations of meander inductor and their influence on characteristics of passive LC displacement sensor. Passive techniques use LC resonator to measure the parameters of interest remotely without an on-board power supply. Developed LC sensor comprises a fixed meander inductor and a movable module of mender inductor - interdigital capacitor resonant circuit, thereby causing the sensor resonant frequency to be displacement - dependent. The inductor and sensor circuits have been fabricated in PCB technology. The main goal was to find the optimal position for measurement connection pads on fixed meander inductor PCB as well as position of connection line between mender inductor and interdigital capacitor on PCB board with LC circuit. Measurements were realized on Impedance Analyzer (HP4191A) in frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 MHz, with 100 kHz step for each configuration of meander inductor. As results of these measurements the best configuration and the best sensor sensitivity for both mender inductors was determined.

Синхронизация подвижных модулей распределенных радиолокационных комплексов

Синхронизация подвижных модулей распределенных радиолокационных комплексов

Mapping and hierarchical self-organizing neural networks for VLSI placement

We have developed mapping and hierarchical self-organizing neural networks for placement of very large scale integrated (VLST) circuits. In this paper, we introduce MHSO and MHSO2 as two versions of mapping and hierarchical self-organizing network (MHSO) algorithms. By using the MHSO, each module in the placement wins the competition with a probability density function that is defined according to different design styles, e.g., the gate arrays and standard cell circuits. The relation between a placement carrier and movable modules is met by the algorithm's ability to map an input space (somatosensory source) into an output space where the circuit modules are located, MHSO2 is designed for macro cell circuits. In this algorithm, the shape and dimension of each module is simultaneously considered together with the wire length by a hierarchical order. In comparison with other conventional placement approaches, the MHSO algorithms have shown their distinct advantages. The results for benchmark circuits so far obtained are quite comparable to simulated annealing (SA), but the computation time is about eight-ten times faster than with SA.

Minimizing channel density with movable terminals

We give algorithms to minimize density for VLSI channel-routing problems with terminals that are movable subject to certain constraints. The main cases considered are channels with linear-order constraints, channels with linear-order constraints and separation constraints, channels with movable modules containing fixed terminals, and channels with movable modules and terminals. In each case we improve previous results for running time and space by a factor ofL/lgn andL, respectively, whereL is the channel length andn is the number of terminals.

Optimal channel pin assignment

The authors study the channel pin assignment (CPA) problem subject to position constraints, order constraints, and separation constraints. The problem is to assign two sets of terminals to the top and the bottom of a channel to minimize channel density. It is shown that the problem is NP-hard in general and polynomial time-optimal algorithms are presented for a case where the relative orderings of the terminals on the top and the bottom of the channel are completely fixed. The problem of channel routing with movable modules is introduced, and it is shown that it is a special case of the CPA problem under the formulation, and can be solved optimally in polynomial time. How the algorithms can be incorporated into standard-cell and building-block layout systems is discussed. Experimental results indicate that substantial reduction in channel density can be obtained by allowing movable terminals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>