Movable Feast Research Articles

Movable Feasts: A Reconnaissance of the Origins and Consequences of Fluctuations in Meal-Times with Special Attention to the Introduction of Luncheon and Afternoon Tea

Movable Feasts: A Reconnaissance of the Origins and Consequences of Fluctuations in Meal-Times with Special Attention to the Introduction of Luncheon and Afternoon Tea

Hemingway: The Writer as Artist.

In this fourth edition of the best-known critical study of Hemingway's work Carlos Baker has completely revised the two opening chapters, which deal with the young Hemingway's career in Paris, and has incorporated material uncovered after the publication of his book Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story. Professor Baker has also written two new chapters in which he discusses Hemingway's two posthumously published books, A Movable Feast and Islands in the Stream. CONTENTS: Introduction. I. The Slopes of Montparnasse. II. The Making of Americans. III. The Way It Was. IV. The Wastelanders. V. The Mountain and the Plain. VI. The First Forty-Five Stories. VII. The Spanish Earth. VIII. The Green Hills of Africa. IX. Depression at Key West. X. The Spanish Tragedy. XI. The River and the Trees. XII. The Ancient Mariner. XIII. The Death of the Lion. XIV. Looking Backward. XV. Islands in the Stream.

The Elusive Cause of Action

T HE drafting committee of the new Illinois Civil Practice Act found it almost impossible to avoid the use in several sections of the familiar term of action.' A suggestion that it be defined or described so as to convey a definite meaning caused some surprise. Many members of the committee assumed that everybody knew what a cause of action was, and that it needed no defining. One member observed that as courts and academic scholars had been unable to agree upon a meaning the committee should not become involved in an attempt to solve the problem. He suggested the impossibility of writing a statute that would not require some interpretation, and advised that the determination of the meaning of a cause of action again be left to the courts. The counsel prevailed. It is often possible for a drafting group to reach an agreement upon the use of language without agreement as to its meaning, the holders of divergent views each being hopeful that their meanings will be adopted eventually. Such compromises, though they leave problems unsolved, are inevitable. That such an important body should dodge description of a cause of action is or is not significant dependent upon whether the term an unsettled meaning, and, if it does, whether any miscarriages of justice result from leaving it unsettled. Whether it be the task of the draftsmen or of the courts, problems of consequence must be solved. 'Cause of action,' says a West Virginia court,2 has a well-defined legal meaning, and the Legislature could not, if it would, make a movable feast of it. The problem which evoked this confident and unique expression is interesting. The charter of Richmond provided that no action should be maintained against the city for damages due to negligence unless a sworn statement of the claimant, or of the administrator of a decedent whose death was due to the city's negligence, giving the nature of the claim and the time and place of the accident, was filed with the city attorney within sixty days after such cause of action shall have accrued. A demurrer was sustained to a declaration which set out an accident producing serious injury to plaintiff's intestate, which alleged

Lotharingia as a Center of Arabic and Scientific Influence in the Eleventh Century

Western European astronomers before the end of the tenth century were greatly handicapped in their work because of the lack of proper instruments for making observations. Up to that time their principal instruments were the Greek armillary sphere and the sun-dial. In reckoning the dates of Easter and the other movable feasts, and the lengths of years, months and days, they depended upon Easter cycles or tables which were founded upon those made at an earlier time by the Alexandrians. Although for quite some time before the tenth century they had realized that their calculations were not correct, they were unable to improve upon them because they had not yet received from the Arabs better astronomical theories and instruments. Towards the end of the tenth century knowledge of the Arabic astrolabe began to penetrate into the Latin West. From the manuscripts which have so far been discovered, this astrolabe must have been used first by Lotharingian geometers and astronomers. Professor J. W. THOMPSON in his article, ( The introduction of Arabic science into Lorraine in the tenth century (i), )) has already discussed the question of Arabic science in the Latin West. His conclusion may best be summed up by the following quotations; ((Arabic science was introduced into the schools of Lorraine and was cultivated there before GERBERT (2) )) and later, I am convinced that the schools of Lorraine in the last half of the tenth century were the seed-plot in which the seeds of Arabic science first germinated in Latin Europe, from which the