Use Of Mouthrinses Research Articles

Effect of SnF2 Mouthrinse on Initial Bacterial Colonization of Tooth Enamel

Microbiologic quantitative methods and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the effect of stannous fluoride (100 ppm F-) mouthrinse on early plaque formation. An in vivo plaque model system was used on two individuals to test this experimental agent. Following SnF2 mouthrinsing, the total bacterial counts of two-day-old plaque on enamel cylinders were reduced up to 50.8 times or 98% and the streptococcal counts were decreased up to 48.4 times or 97.9%. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a marked decrease of bacteria on enamel with use of SnF2 mouthrinse. It appears that, in addition to reducing enamel solubility and other properties, SnF2 may also alter bacterial accumulations on teeth.

Residual Fluorine in the Mouth Following the Use of a Fluoride Mouth Rine

The present study was made for the purpose of reinvestigating the safty of fluoride mouth rinse, the possibility of caries-preventive effect and the rinsing method itself by determining the amount of fluoride that remains in the mouth after the use of fluoride mouth rinse.A total 80 children in the third grade of primary school (consisting of 44 boys and 36 girls) were selected as subjects. They were instructed to rinse with 10ml of the fluoride mouthrinsing solution (containing 500ppm of F-; pH 5.0, phosphoric acid-acidified NaF solution) that had been exactly measured for 30 seconds, and then rinse the mouth twice with 10ml of distilled water for 10 seconds at a time. The fluorine content of the portion of the agent that remained in the rinsing cup, the amount of fluorine that was spit out after use of the rinse, and the fluorine content of the rinsing distilled water were determined. For the determinations, an ORION ion meter (model 801) and fluoride ion activity electrodes were used.As a result, the sum of fluorine content of the portion of the rinsing agent that remained in the rinsing cup and the amount of fluorine that was spit out was 4.69±0.12mg in the boys and 4.58±0.12mg in the girls, corresponding to 93.79% in the boys and 91.52% in the girls of the amount of fluorine that had been given.Using the conventional rinsing method, the amount of residual fluorine in the mouth was 0.31±0.12mg (6.21%) in the boys and 0.42±0.12 (8.48%) in the girls. When the use of fluoride mouth rinse was followed by a rinsing with water, the retention of fluorine was 0.16±0.12mg (3.13%) in the boys and 0.27±0.12mg (5.46%) in the girls. In 65 children, corresponding to 81.3% of the total 80 children, the retention of fluorine after use of the conventional fluoride mouth rinse was less than 0.5mg.From these findings, it was proved again that the fluoride concentration and volume of rinsing solution is entirely safe provided the rinsing method is adequate, and fluoride mouth rinse is an effective fluoride application method for the prevention of dental caries.

Anticalculus and antiplaque activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate.

The effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate on the formation of artificial calculi, rat calculus, and dog plaque plus its ability to remove dog plaque were studied. Several chemically related agents were also evaluated for their anticalculus effects. The most effective anticalculus agent was 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate. At concentrations of 4 or 5%, swabbed over molar teeth, it was essentially equally effective in retarding the formation of rat calculus. Significant (1% level) reduction occurred with concentration as low as 3% in rats. When used so as to mimic mouthrinse use, 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate also significantly (5% level) reduced formation of calculus in rats. All rats showed normal behavioral and weight-gain patterns. Visual evaluation of oral tissues in the swabbing tests plus visual and histopathological evaluation of oral tissues in the mouthrinse procedure showed 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate had no irritating or toxic effects. In dogs, the teeth treated with 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate nine times during a five-day period had 93.7 to 98.4% less buccal plaque than vehicle-treated teeth. The antiplaque effect was considerable in both canines and fourth premolars. In older dogs, teeth treated with 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate 15 times during a ten-day period had 33 to 46.1% less plaque than when treated with the vehicle. The effect was considerable on canines but slight on fourth premolars. In older dogs after 24 treatments during a 15-day period, 4% 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate removed 25 to 57.5% of established plaque whereas the vehicle removed 2.5 to 22.5%. Again, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate was more effective on canine buccal plaque. These results show that 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate is an effective anticalculus and antiplaque agent that is nontoxic to animal oral tissue. The results also indicate that the dog is a suitable animal model for the evaluation of antiplaque agents.

Clearance of fluoride from the mouth after topical treatment or the use of a fluoride mouthrinse

The concentration of F in whole mixed saliva was measured with a F electrode at intervals after different topical treatments. The high levels observed immediately after the F exposure decreased rapidly in the beginning and at a slow rate as normal concentrations were approached. The time required for total elimination of excess F was about 1 week for a topical treatment with an acidulated fluoride phosphate solution containing 1.2 per cent F, 4–6 days for a similar treatment with an acidulated solution containing 0.5 per cent F, and more than 1 day for a rinse with 0.2 per cent NaF. The rate of clearance was affected by the rate of salivary flow during the first hour. The delayed clearance of F was attributed primarily to prolonged leaching of F from the teeth. In absence of F treatments salivary F levels were maintained at a constant level and were not altered by a threefold increase in rate of flow.