The relationship between the abundance of two rodents, the wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus and the Algerian mouse Mus spretus, and habitat characteristics were studied in Great Kabylia (Northern Algeria) at the end of the breeding season, when mice densities were at their highest level. Eleven habitat characteristics were recorded to describe 18 sampling sites. A linear multiple regression analysis revealed that the abundance of wood mice associated with rocks and stone blocks, and with low woody vegetation. Algerian mice were associated with a low cover of high woody vegetation, and with bare ground. Other habitat characteristics, such as modification of land by human activities, were also important and affected the abundance of these two species. These patterns are discussed in relation to the feeding habits and the anti-predatory behaviour of the species. The interspecific relationships of the two species are hypothesised.