Mouse Bone Marrow Erythrocytes Research Articles

Induction of micronuclei in the mouse: Revised timing of the final stage of erythropoiesis

The early effects of X-rays, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, quinacrine dihydrochloride, cycloheximide, actinomycin D and hydroxyurea on the induction of micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow erythrocytes were studied. A significant increase in the incidence of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes was seen as early as 5 h after a single treatment with vincristine, 6 h after treatment with X-rays and 10 h after treatment with cyclophosphamide. The cell kinetics of the mouse erythropoietic system described by Cole et al. (1981) can be modified to fit these results. According to this revised model, the final mitosis takes place only 5 h before the expulsion of the nucleus.

The effect of hycanthone and maleic hydrazide on the frequency of micronuclei in the bone-marrow erythrocytes of mice

Male Swiss mice were assigned to 6 groups of either 3 or 4 animals each. 3 groups were given hycanthone methanesulfonate intraperitoneally, at 40, 80 or 120 mg/kg, respectively; the dose was repeated after an interval of about 24 h. At the same time 2 groups received maleic hydrazide at 100 or 200 mg/kg, and the remaining group was given dimethyl sulfoxide which was used as a solvent for both drugs. 6 h after the second injection, the mice were killed and bonemarrow preparations were made. Hycanthone induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes and suppressed the P/N ratio significantly. However, there was no dose-response relationship. Maleic hydrazide, on the other hand, failed to influence the incidence of micronuclei or the ratio of poly- to normo-chromatic erythrocytes.

X-ray-induced Micronuclei in the Bone-marrow Erythrocytes of Mice

X-ray-induced Micronuclei in the Bone-marrow Erythrocytes of Mice

Nitrosation in vitro and in vivo by sodium nitrite, and mutagenicity of nitrogenous pesticides

37 nitrogenous pepticides, belonging to the chemical groups of amides, carbamates and ureas, were nitrosated with sodium nitrite in vitro. The nitrosated compounds were tested for mutagenic activity in the bacterial spot test with Salmonella typhimurium his G 46. Those pesticides reacting positively in this test after nitrosation were then fed to mice in combination with sodium nitrite in order to assess the formation and mutagenicity of these nitroso compounds in vivo. With the already known exception of ethylenethiourea (ETU), no pesticide produced enhanced numbers of micronuclei in mouse bone-marrow erythrocytes when fed together with nitrite. Dose-response experiments with intraperitoneal injection of N-nitroso-ETU revealed an apparent no-effect level of about 15–18 mg/kg. The findings are correlated with the pesticide resides actually present in the environment.

Distribution and cytogenetic test of 2,4-d and 2,4,5-t phenoxyacetic acids in mouse blood tissues

The phenoxyacetic acids 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), extensively used as herbicides, were tested for cytogenetic effects by means of induced micronuclei in erythrocytes of mouse bone marrow. Because of the high experimental resolution power this is a particularly suitable test system for the detection of weak chromosome breaking activity in mammals. The cytogenetic tests were supplemented with chemical analyses of the concentration of the test substances reaching the target cells. The cytogenetic tests 24 h and 7 days after the treatment with 2,4-D or 4,5-T showed no detectable increase of micronuclei in the erythrocytes as compared to the controls. A weak toxic effect of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on the mitotic activity was indicated, however, as judged by the decrease of the percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes. Gas Chromatographie analysis of plasma and cell fractions from blood and bone marrow showed that less than 5% of the test substances present in the plasma appeared in the cells. The lack of penetration of the phenoxyacetic acids in the cells is in accordance with the rapid excretion of them known to occur in the mammalian body. Although the present experiment does not constitute a reliable measure of the mutagenic potential of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, in practice the lack of penetration of these substances into the cells indicates that they do not constitute any cytogenetic hazard to man.

Current Status of the Host-Mediated L5178Y System for Detecting Chemical Mutagens

Research ArticleOpen AccessCurrent status of the host-mediated L5178Y system for detecting chemical mutagens. S Y Lee S Y Lee Search for more papers by this author Published:1 December 1973https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7306145Cited by:6AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Mayer V (1982) Genetic effects of naphthylamines, Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology, 10.1016/0165-1110(82)90051-3, 99:3, (349-369), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1982. Chaubey R, Kavi B, Chauhan P and Sundaram K (1978) The effect of hycanthone and maleic hydrazide on the frequency of micronuclei in the bone-marrow erythrocytes of mice, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(78)90267-1, 57:2, (187-191), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978. Garay R and Lefever R (1978) A kinetic approach to the immunology of cancer: Stationary states properties of efffector-target cell reactions, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 10.1016/0022-5193(78)90150-9, 73:3, (417-438), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1978. Anderson D (1975) The selection and induction of 5-IODO-2-deoxyuridine and thymidine variants of P388 mouse lymphoma cells with agents which are used for selection, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(75)90217-1, 33:2-3, (399-405), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1975. Clive D (1974) Mutagenicity of thioxanthenes (hycanthone, lucanthone and four indazole derivatives) at the TK locus in cultured mammalian cells, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/S0027-5107(74)80028-X, 26:4, (307-318), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1974. Anderson D and Fox M (1974) The induction of thymidine- and IUdR-resistant variants in P388 mouse lymphoma cells by x-rays, UV and mono- and bi- functional alkylating agents, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(74)90223-1, 25:1, (107-122), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1974. Vol. 6December 1973Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 December 1973Published in print1 December 1973 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.

Current status of the host-mediated L5178Y system for detecting chemical mutagens.

Research ArticleOpen AccessCurrent status of the host-mediated L5178Y system for detecting chemical mutagens. S Y Lee S Y Lee Search for more papers by this author Published:1 December 1973https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7306145Cited by:6AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Mayer V (1982) Genetic effects of naphthylamines, Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology, 10.1016/0165-1110(82)90051-3, 99:3, (349-369), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1982. Chaubey R, Kavi B, Chauhan P and Sundaram K (1978) The effect of hycanthone and maleic hydrazide on the frequency of micronuclei in the bone-marrow erythrocytes of mice, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(78)90267-1, 57:2, (187-191), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1978. Garay R and Lefever R (1978) A kinetic approach to the immunology of cancer: Stationary states properties of efffector-target cell reactions, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 10.1016/0022-5193(78)90150-9, 73:3, (417-438), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1978. Anderson D (1975) The selection and induction of 5-IODO-2-deoxyuridine and thymidine variants of P388 mouse lymphoma cells with agents which are used for selection, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(75)90217-1, 33:2-3, (399-405), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1975. Clive D (1974) Mutagenicity of thioxanthenes (hycanthone, lucanthone and four indazole derivatives) at the TK locus in cultured mammalian cells, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/S0027-5107(74)80028-X, 26:4, (307-318), Online publication date: 1-Aug-1974. Anderson D and Fox M (1974) The induction of thymidine- and IUdR-resistant variants in P388 mouse lymphoma cells by x-rays, UV and mono- and bi- functional alkylating agents, Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 10.1016/0027-5107(74)90223-1, 25:1, (107-122), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1974. Vol. 6December 1973Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 December 1973Published in print1 December 1973 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact [email protected]. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.