Mounting System Research Articles

Open-top multisample dual-view light-sheet microscope for live imaging of large multicellular systems

Multicellular systems grow over the course of weeks from single cells to tissues or even full organisms, making live imaging challenging. To bridge spatiotemporal scales, we present an open-top dual-view and dual-illumination light-sheet microscope dedicated to live imaging of large specimens at single-cell resolution. The configuration of objectives together with a customizable multiwell mounting system combines dual view with high-throughput multiposition imaging. We use this microscope to image a wide variety of samples and highlight its capabilities to gain quantitative single-cell information in large specimens such as mature intestinal organoids and gastruloids.

Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System Optimization Based on Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining

The meticulously engineered powertrain mounting system of hybrid electric vehicles plays a critical role in minimizing vehicle vibrations and noise, thereby enhancing the longevity of vital powertrain components. However, developing and designing such a system demands substantial time and financial investments due to intricate analysis and modeling requirements. To tackle this challenge, this study integrates data mining technology into the design and optimization processes of the powertrain mount system. The research focuses on the powertrain mounting system of a transverse four-cylinder hybrid electric vehicle, employing the CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology to establish a data-mining prediction model for mounting stiffness. This model utilizes three data mining algorithms—Multi-SVR, MRTs, and MLPR—to assess their predictive accuracy concerning mounting system stiffness estimation. A comparative analysis reveals that the MRTs algorithm outperforms others as the most effective prediction model. The proposed predictive model elucidates the quantifiable correlation between vibration isolation performance and installation stiffness, overcoming complexities associated with traditional modeling approaches. Applying this model in powertrain mounting system design showcases the efficacy of the CRISP-DM-based approach, significantly enhancing design efficiency without compromising prediction accuracy.

Research on vibration isolation optimization design technology for the articulated link mount of turbofan engine

As an important structure connecting the aircraft and the engine, the turbofan engine mount often adopts a hinged multi-link mechanism, and its dynamic performance directly affects the transmission of engine vibrations to the fuselage. To study and improve the vibration isolation performance of this type of mount system, this paper proposes an optimization strategy based on modal design ideas, which takes the minimum distance between the natural frequencies of the mount system and the excitation frequency as the optimization objective, seeks the parameter solution that maximizes the optimization objective, and uses genetic algorithms to carry out optimization analysis. The results show that through optimization analysis, the effective vibration isolation range of the system is increased by approximately 125% near the excitation frequency of the low-pressure rotor; at the excitation frequency of the low-pressure rotor, the system transfer rate is reduced by approximately 58.4%; after optimization, due to the overall frequency deviation of the installation section system from the excitation frequency, the impact of small perturbations of the main parameters on its transfer rate is generally lower, with a maximum decrease of approximately 17.3%, greatly improving the robustness of the system.

Influence of Exhaust Aftertreatment System on Powertrain Vibration Behavior

<div>NVH refinement of commercial vehicles is the key attribute for customer acceptance. Engine and road irregularities are the two major factors responsible for the same. During powertrain isolators’ design alone, the mass and inertia of the powertrain are usually considered, but in practical scenarios, a directly coupled subsystem also disturbs the boundary conditions for design. Due to the upgradation in emission norms, the exhaust aftertreatment system of modern automotive vehicles becomes heavier and more complex. This system is further coupled to the powertrain through a flexible joint or fixed joint, which results in the disturbance of the performance of the isolators.</div> <div>Therefore, to address this, the isolators design study is done by considering a multi-body dynamics model of vehicles with 16 DOF and 22 DOF problems, which is capable to simulate static and dynamic real-life events of vehicles. Design indicators are thoroughly analyzed and validated through the rigid body modes and real field events of the vehicle. As most of the research is done for four-point mounting powertrain systems by considering 6 DOF or 12 DOF in commercial vehicles but a novel approach with a 22 DOF model is proposed in this study to predict the impact of the inclusion of the exhaust aftertreatment system on torque roll axis and rigid body modes decoupling.</div> <div>The results of the proposed system show that the rigid body mode decoupling of the powertrain system improved and consequently the overall NVH performance of the vehicle in real life is further improved. Therefore, it is suggested from the study that ignoring the inclusion of the exhaust aftertreatment system in the powertrain mounting system design reduces the NVH performance of the vehicle, hence it is recommended to include it in the early phase of design.</div>

New bell plate controlled multi-inertia channel magnetorheological fluid mount wide frequency vibration isolation control study

This paper introduces a novel type of magnetorheological fluid (MRF) mount designed to achieve wide-frequency vibration isolation for engines. While previous studies have explored vibration isolation using hydraulic mounts, there has been limited research on achieving wideband isolation with MRF mounts. Consequently, this paper presents an innovative MRF mount structure and investigates wideband vibration isolation control for engines. Initially, experiments with a multi-channel MRF damper validate the switchable operation of controllable channels. A novel controllable multi-inertia channel MRF mount system is proposed, aligning the working mode of controllable inertia channels with that of the MRF damper. The lumped parameter method is employed to derive the mathematical model of the MRF mount, and its high and low-frequency dynamic characteristics are thoroughly examined. Subsequently, a real-time multi-island genetic algorithm-optimized controller is developed to investigate wideband vibration isolation within the MRF mount system. The findings indicate that: (1) The MRF mount demonstrates adjustable low-frequency dynamic stiffness and loss angle within the frequency range of f = 0–50 Hz. In the frequency range of f = 50–100 Hz, the mount achieves its lowest dynamic stiffness value, effectively addressing the issue of high-frequency stiffening. (2) The real-time multi-island genetic optimized controller exhibits superior vibration isolation performance compared to traditional sky-hook control and hybrid sky-hook control methods, achieving optimal vibration isolation for the mount.

Optimization of Cabin Mounting System for Tractor using a Genetic Algorithm

Abstract Purpose To analyze the behavior of a tractor cabin mounting system, a six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) simulation model was developed, and a genetic algorithm was integrated into the model to optimize the design variables of the cabin mounting system. The performance and characteristics of the optimized cabin-mounting system were analyzed. Methods Eigenvalue analysis was performed using the developed model. Rigid-body mode decoupling theory was applied to optimize the design variables, and the energy decoupling method (EDM) was used to evaluate the degree of rigid-body mode decoupling. The design variables were optimized using NSGA-II genetic algorithm. Optimizations for two cases (Case #1: optimizing the stiffness and position of the mounts; Case#2: optimizing only the stiffness of the mounts) were conducted. Results energy decoupling rate (EDR) for Case #1 increased from 66.73% to 87.65%. As the position constraints relaxed, the mounts tended to move upwards and were widely distributed widely. EDR for Case #2 increased from 66.73% to 84.41%. In both cases, the mount stiffness decreased. Conclusions The EDR of the cabin mounting system was significantly improved due to optimization, and the rigid body mode frequencies were optimized within the target range.

Optimization of a commercial vehicle powertrain mounting system based on new rubber mounts

In order to improve the vibration isolation, environmental adaptability and development efficiency of rubber mounts, a novel rubber mount with adjustable parameters such as stiffness, support height and limit distance was proposed, and its structural composition and working principle were described. And then, a commercial vehicle was taken as the research object to conduct the calculation of mounts stiffness by employing the energy decoupling method and genetic algorithm. On the basis of the influence of cone angle, thickness and height on the ratio of axial-radial stiffness, the detailed structural design of the mounts was carried out, and the relationship between the preloading displacement and axial-radial stiffness was studied by the method of theoretical calculation and test, which made the process of the stiffness adjustment more specific and accurate. Finally, the vibration isolation performance test of the Powertrain Mounting System (PMS) before and after stiffness adjustment was completed. Results show that the adjusted PMS indicates better vibration isolation performance at idle speed and slow acceleration in place, and the new mounts can effectively improve the vibration performance of vehicle, environmental adaptability of mounts and product development efficiency.

Structural Design of Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic Mounting System

Structural Design of Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic Mounting System

High-throughput optimisations for 3D chemical imaging of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms.

Chemical imaging of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms is a key technique for quality assurance and issue diagnosis. This technique can be further augmented using 3D chemical imaging via serial sections and image stacking. However, the additional collection time this entails means that 3D imaging is utilised for a very niche set of applications. Previous attempts have been made to optimize the process but have often compromised the quality of the resulting chemical images to achieve the gains in process time. In this study, several optimisation strategies are employed to increase the efficiency of 3D chemical image collection without sacrificing the quality of the final chemical images. The use of automated microscope macros and a kinematic mounting system allowed for rapid sample processing and efficient utilisation of equipment time. The automated macros allow the Raman microscope to collect mapping data continuously from multiple samples without the need for operator intervention steps. The kinematic mounting system allows rapid and accurate sample transfer and positioning between instruments. These optimisations resulted in a three times speed increase in collection time while keeping the same signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting chemical images. These optimisations will allow the rapid collection of statistically robust 3D chemical image data within a set time frame that is more amenable to an industrial workflow.

Critical Success Factors in the Technology Commercialization Process: A Comparative Case Study of International Licensing Alliances among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

In contemporary academia and industry, the commercialization of technology through licensing has emerged as a prevalent strategy. This paradigmatic shift has prompted numerous industrial firms to intensify their focus on technology commercialization as a mechanism to optimize the returns on their research and development investments, while concurrently leveraging their comprehensive technology portfolios. However, despite growing interest in this area, there exists a conspicuous gap in scholarly literature exploring how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can effectively and efficiently capitalize on this opportunity in a global context. The objective of the present study is to fill this void by offering an in-depth analysis of the key determinants that contribute to the successful commercialization of technology via licensing. Employing a qualitative research methodology, this paper presents a comparative case study that explores four separate international licensing alliances, each formed between the same licensor, specializing in solar mounting system engineering, and four different licensees, all engaged in the production and marketing of this specialized technology. Data were meticulously gathered through a triangulated approach that incorporated interviews with both licensor and licensees, extensive desk research, and on-site observations. Our empirical findings reveal that the critical success factors identified in existing literature are not uniformly significant. Specifically, four elements—relational dynamics, cultural considerations, human capital, and resource allocation—emerged as pivotal in ensuring the successful implementation of technology commercialization strategies. By elucidating these nuanced factors, this study contributes to both academic discourse and practical applications, thereby serving as a valuable resource for SMEs aiming to navigate the complexities of technology commercialization in international settings.

Uncertainty analysis of powertrain mounting systems with independent and correlated parameters based on multidimensional parallelepiped model

Uncertainty analysis of powertrain mounting systems with independent and correlated parameters based on multidimensional parallelepiped model

Modelling and analysis of rooftop PV as an energy optimization of flat roof and gable roof mounting system

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are designed for both communal and self-installation. PV systems are intended for both communal and standalone installations. Installation is required not only in industry and commerce, but also in the growth of energy potential at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani. The focus of this research is rooftop PV modelling and analysis at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani. Because the ground mounting system could not be done due to limited land, a rooftop solar power-producing system was created. Data gathering is done as part of unique research that takes into account numerous technological criteria for efficiency. System analysis conducted by modelling and simulation, which will make use of a variety of tools linked to this PV system. Data was gathered from similar studies while accounting for numerous technological variables such as modelling and efficiency. K2Base system was used to model flat roofs with concrete roof types and gable roofs with tile roof types. The mounting type, wind load, truss load, and ballast were all taken into account in the design. This article also calculates PV panel configurations and component capacities. There are many different panels that can be constructed from each model. With a maximum roof area of 837.52 m2, 33 to 350 PV panels may be used. The number of inverters is changed to provide outputs of 10 kW, 25 kW, and 50 kW based on the calculations' findings. With differences in autonomous days, the number of batteries obtained has an average of more than 200 batteries.

Dynamic analysis and design of novel distributed lump-parameters mounting system for marine power devices

Marine power devices (MPD) are one of the dominant vibration and noise sources on board marine vessel. Its vibration can be attenuated effectively through floating raft mounting system. But this becomes unsuitable to implement due to a more stringent light-weighting request. In this paper, a novel distributed lump-parameters mounting system (NDLMS) for MPD is proposed consisting of two-stage mounting subsystem, attitude monitoring and controlling subsystem, and emergency protection subsystem. A theoretical model under multiple excitations is presented to estimate the vibration isolation effectiveness (VIE) using equivalent mobility matrix methods. To improve the VIE of NDLMS, distributed dynamic vibration absorbers (DDVA) are introduced. Compared with the equally weighted rigid mass blocks, DDVA has a qualitative improvement in the attenuation ability of the characteristic spectrum. Replacing part of the mass of mounting system with finely tuned DDVA can greatly reduce the vibration transmitted from vibratory MPD to the foundation. DDVA are validated to compensate for the vibration transmission loss by light-weighting. A scaled and a practical NDLMS prototypes are manufactured and tested. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of theoretical models and show that the performance of NDLMS satisfies the operation requirements of MPD.

The impact of platform mounting systems used in rope parks on tree vitality

Abstract Platforms mounted in rope parks cause injuries to trees. A new method for mounting platforms uses clamps, which are theoretically less damaging to trees. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the vitality of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in response to both old and new platform mounting systems. In the old system, wooden brackets are embedded in the cut fragments of tree trunks. The new system utilizes clamps that hug the trunks. A vitality assessment was carried out for control trees and trees with platforms on the basis of changes in the assimilation apparatus and the degree of thinning of the outer parts of the tree crowns. The visual assessments differentiated between four classes 0–3. We conducted the visual assessment of tree vitality four years after the installation of the platforms. The level of trunk circumference damaged at the platform attachment point was determined using photogrammetric measurements and laser scanning technology. The obtained results were compared to the vitality recorded for the control trees. Trees that initially had better vitality showed a clear decrease in vitality of ~0.5 class. Trees that initially had worse vitality showed a clear increase in vitality, ranging from 0.25 class for pines to 1 class for beeches. Pine and beech trees reacted differently to injuries caused by platform installations. Pine trees responded with a slight increase in vitality, while beech trees experienced a decrease of over a hundred percent. The reactions were more pronounced for the new type of platform. Although the new method of platform installation caused more damage to the surface of tree trunks, its impact on tree vitality was not significantly greater than that of the old system. Since the new system allows, in the long term, to change the position on the tree and adjust the clamping force to the trunk, it can be recommended for use in practice despite the overall slightly worse state of the trees when compared to trees with the old mounting system.

Integrated transmission vibration reduction technology based on the “isolating-reducing-optimizing” method

Hydro-mechanical transmission devices that can transfer power from the engine to the action mechanism are widely used in heavy-duty vehicles. It has many components, and the operating conditions are complex and changeable. Multi-source excitations and load disturbances easily aggravate vehicle vibrations, which has an adverse impression on the running quality of the whole vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out research on the vibration problems caused by multiple excitation sources. Thus, in this paper, a new vibration reduction method of “isolating-reducing-optimizing” for hydro-mechanical transmission devices is proposed to optimize such devices in multiple dimensions to improve their dynamic responses. This novel method optimized the coupling stiffness to isolate the vibration caused by the engine fluctuating torque. Moreover, the vibration energy decoupling method and optimization method are used to decouple the rigid body vibration of the mounting system, and gear profile modification method based on a dynamic model is used to attenuate the internal high frequency vibration caused by the gear meshing excitation. Finally, the steady-state conditions and cycle conditions vibration tests of the transmission system before and after optimization are carried out. The time and frequency domain vibration responses of the transmission system before and after optimization are compared to verify the effectiveness of the optimization method.

What is the net PV energy production in Switzerland and how can we maximize it?

Maximizing solar energy production in Switzerland is key to meet energy transition goals. Understanding in detail the current situation, and the potential for expansion is important to develop effective strategies. With this study, we want to contribute to federal and academic efforts to measure solar energy by estimating the net energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) installations when considering their embodied energy. We calculated the values of all energy produced by PV installations across Switzerland from 1991-2021 and subtracted the embodied energy used to manufacture the PV panels and their mounting system. We considered four different types: freestanding, attached-complex, attached-simple and integrated, with progressively decreasing values of embodied energy for the supporting structure. The results show that in 2022, 50% of PV installations were producing net energy, which accounts for an accumulated historical value of 1.000 GWh, implying that 6% of the historical PV generation is net energy. If mounting systems were minimized, the accumulated net energy would reach 23%, showing the importance of integrating PV panels in building elements. These findings suggest that policies to support the diffusion of photovoltaic panels should also ensure long term use of existing installations and consider the mounting systems’ embodied energy for new ones.

Analysis and Design of Rear Twin Electric Powertrain Mounting System in E-Up Boost

Abstract The paper focuses on analyzing and designing a mounting system for the modified rear powertrain of the E-up Boost. The initial section delves into the theoretical aspects, specifically examining the differing sources of vibration between internal combustion engines and electric powertrains. Following this, the subsequent section presents an in-depth analysis of the powertrain mounting system using ADAMS View. After the analysis is carried out, a robust mounting system is designed and verified through structural analysis.

Optimal placement criteria of actuators for hybrid mounting system on a non-aligned plate structure

Electric motors in electric and hybrid vehicles generate mid-frequency noise and vibration. These factors cause drivers to experience discomfort while traveling. Active mounting techniques have been extensively researched and developed to effectively address this issue. The optimal placement of an active mounting system is essential for enhancing NVH performance when an active mounting system is utilized. In order to propose optimal location criteria for active paths, this paper concentrates on developing an analytical model based on both dynamic and static analysis. The secondary forces along active trajectories are mathematically determined when a structure is subjected to an excitation force. These locations are considered optimal for the active mounting system if the secondary forces are comparatively minimal. Simulations and feasibility experiments are also conducted in order to validate the proposed method. In addition, the results are compared with the case of beam structure. It has been determined through this procedure that the active path’s control performance will be enhanced if it is positioned in the optimal location and less control force is required than in the case of beam.

Dynamic behavior analysis of systems with friction and hysteretic effects

This paper investigates the steady-state response of a nonlinear system that incorporates both a hysteretic element and frictional contact under harmonic excitation. While previous studies have separately explored hysteretic oscillators and frictional systems, the simultaneous consideration of both elements has received limited attention. In this study, an analytical solution for the steady-state response is proposed, employing the equivalent linearization approach. This method enables the determination of equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping coefficients for the linearized system, which are directly linked to the amplitude of the steady-state response. To validate the derived analytical solution, a numerical model is utilized, demonstrating the agreement between the analytical and numerical results. Moreover, this paper identifies noteworthy dynamic characteristics of the designed system, notably the occurrence of peak amplitude at excitation frequencies lower than the pre-yield natural frequency. Furthermore, the apex point can be adjusted by manipulating the nonlinear parameters. Building upon these observations, a new mounting system is examined, revealing distinctive behavior.

Enhanced Bifacial Gain with Optimized Mountings in Photovoltaic Systems

A new design of mounting system targets to reduce the backside shading of ground‐mounted fixed‐tilt bifacial photovoltaic (PV) systems and improve the bifacial gain has been deployed in a large‐scale bifacial PV plant and tested against conventional (nonoptimized) substructures to quantify experimentally, as well as by modeling the improved yield and bifacial gain of bifacial PV plants. This work examines the impact of design changes in purlins, beams, piles, and frames on the bifacial gain. The results show that the optimized mounting systems reduced the backside shading in bifacial PV systems and increased the yearly bifacial gain by at least 0.13% absolute, which is confirmed by simulations and experiments. Depending on the geometrical configuration, low ground coverage ratios, higher albedo, and higher clearance height can lead to a yearly bifacial gain improvement as high as 1% absolute. The quantification of bifacial gain improvement in this study is useful for future studies to determine the profitability of the new design, which comes with additional costs compared to nonoptimized mounting systems.