Rinjani Research Articles

ANALISIS WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY PADA EKOWISATA TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG RINJANI

Mount Rinjani National Park (MNRP) in the West Nusa Tenggara Province, popular as one of ectourism destinations for both international and domestic tourist. The number of tourist increases every year. However, MRNP was facing various problems including forest destruction which then becomes critical degraded lands, watersheds damaged, decreased of river water, garbage found at every ecotourism area due to lack of awareness and concern on the ecotourism resources value. This study aimed to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) for MRNP ecotourism and determine the factors that affect it. The method was using contingent valuation method (CVM) to determine the value of ecotourism WTP and regression to determine the influenced factors to the value of WTP. The results showed that the mean of WTP was US $54.13 for international tourist, with MRNP ecotourism economic value and estimated revenue from entrance ticket of US $1,208,790/ year or Rp 14.50 billion/ year. While the mean of WTP for domestic tourist was Rp 40,650 with MRNP ecotourism economic value and estimated revenue from entrance fee were Rp 883,202,550. Factors that influenced the WTP both international and domestic tourists were education, income, family members, active in environmental organizations and knowledge on ecotourism.

PERAN PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN DALAM PELAKSANAAN MODEL DESA KONSERVASI DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG RINJANI

Development of Conservation Village Model (CVM) was expected to enhance the empowerment of communities around the protected area at the Mount Rinjani National Park (MRNP). However, in practice the program did not work optimally. Report on CVM program at MRNP illustrated that the collaboration of CVM management was failed to reach the objective of the program. The objective from this study was to provide an overview regarding the implementation of CVM collaboration at MRNP. This study focused on two villages, Pesanggrahan village and Santong village. The study was carried out from May to July 2016, Data collections were using purposive sampling technique, then analyzed descriptively on the interests and influences of each actor as well as their views on the implementation of CVM. The results showed that the collaborative process undertaken in the development of CVM did not work optimally. MRNP Management Office acted as the central actor in the implementation of CVM,both from the planning to the implementation of the program in the field. Thus, it is necessary to develop a greater collaboration processes which are clear, structured and accountable in encourage the involvement of stakeholders to optimize the implementation of CVM in MRNP.

Species Richness and Birds Conservation Priority in Mount Rinjani Areas, Lombok

<p>Mount Rinjani area on the island of Lombok is unique in bioecology. It provides habitats for many species of birds, especially birds of Wallacea. Several studies on birds in this area have been done, but the conservation priority of these birds has not been determined. Based on this condition, the purpose of this research is to determine the priority of birds conservation in mount Rinjani areas. Exploration about the spesies of birds was started from Senaru Village to Segara Anak Lake. Abundance of each bird species was estimated using point count. Data analysis to determine the conservation priority used indicators that consist of endemicity, population status, species threatened and species management. The results showed that the birds species in mount Rinjani areas are composed of 32 species belonging to 20 families. Bird species that have high abundance were <em>Amandava amandava </em>(15.94%), <em>Zosterops Montanus</em> (15.70%), and <em>Parus major</em> (11.32%), while <em>Ptilinopus melanospila</em> and <em>Anthus novaeseelandiae</em> were in low abundance (0.23%). Analysis birds conservation priority in mount Rinjani areas indicates that <em>Otus jolandae</em> has the highest score (65) and should be the first priority for the conservation, while <em>Philemon buceroides</em> and <em>Gallus varius</em> with the same score (60) are the second priority.<em> </em></p><p><strong>How to Cite</strong></p><p>Hadiprayitno, G., Mertha, I. G., & Ilhamdi, M. L. (2016). Species Richness and Birds Conservation Priority in Mount Rinjani Areas. <em>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education</em>, 8(3), 270-277. </p>

PERENCANAAN PAKET WISATA SPIRITUAL DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG RINJANI

Rinjani Mountain area has some potential physical and non-physical is very unique as lakes, caves, and many others. In connection with the potential for physical and non-physical possessed the area of Mount Rinjani, in this study raised a variety of issues that can be used as a spiritual travel package including : (1) What are the potential physical and non-physical-owned area of Mount Rinjani, West Nusa Tenggara. (2) How to plan a spiritual tour packages in the area of Mount Rinjani, West Nusa Tenggara. This study was conducted to determine the physical and non-physical potential contained in the area of Mount Rinjani, then packed into a spiritual tour packages. Data collection techniques used through observation, interviews, documentation and literature.Data analysis techniques used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. Results from this research that the area of Mount Rinjani has eleven potential that can be packed into three spiritual package.(a) Spiritual packages Senanga Danau Segara Anak,(b) Spiritual Package Senaru Pancor Emas,(c) Spiritual package Sembalun Puncak Rinjani.

PENGARUH FAKTOR PSIKOLOGI DAN SOSIAL BUDAYA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN WISATAWAN BERWISATA DI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG RINJANI

This study aimed to analyze the influence of psychological factors and socio-cultural factors ofthe tourists traveled decision on Mount Rinjani National Park. Respondent was done by usingpurposive sampling using a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents. The data analysistechnique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the analysis that has been done, it canbe concluded that psychological factors and socio-cultural factors a significant and positive influenceon the decision travelers traveled on Mount Rinjani National Park. This means that if psychologicalfactors and socio-cultural factors improved by the manager of the Mount Rinjani National Park, canimprove decision-traveled. While the dominant variable affecting traveled decision is socio-culturalfactors.Keywords: Psychological Factors, Socio-Cultural Factors, and Decision Travelling.

The effect of DEM resolution on the computation of the factor of safety using an infinite slope model

The quality of digital elevation models (DEMs) is essential for reliable landslide susceptibility assessments. In this paper, two DEMs derived from ASTER (ASTER GDEM v.2 with 30m horizontal resolution) and TerraSAR-X (GeoElevation10 with 10m horizontal resolution) data are compared to study the effects of resolution on the derived slope and wetness index parameters in the application of the infinite slope model for the computation of the factor of safety. Several slope stability scenarios representing different wetness conditions with 5, 10 and 100mm d−1 of steady-state recharge were calculated for the eastern flank of Mount Rinjani Volcano on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Each scenario was conducted by computing the static factor of safety with mean values of the bulk density, angle of internal friction, cohesion, and failure depth parameters, as well as for their normally distributed values by Monte Carlo simulation. All scenarios were applied to both DEMs. The scenarios were evaluated by calculating the success/prediction rate using the respective area under the curve (AUC) and an existing landslide inventory. Additionally, uncertainties in the estimated positions of landslides were taken into account.Depending on the particular scenario, the success rate of the GeoElevation10 model shows differences up to 3% compared to the ASTER GDEM model. This apparent improvement is mainly caused by the higher ground resolution in GeoElevation10. However, the success rate increases for the 10mm d−1 and decreases for the 100mm d−1 steady-state recharge conditions. Consequently, the more detailed flow direction in the GeoElevation10 DEM has the highest impact under conditions with lower water saturation. The slight improvement in the total model quality shows that the higher resolution of the DEM has a small impact on poorly parameterized models, in which the material properties are described by roughly estimated parameters. Therefore, the application of a high-resolution DEM to areas with a lack of data on the soil's physical properties is inefficient due to its low cost-benefit ratio. For quick analysis, the ASTER GDEM is of a suitable quality. To fully benefit from the high resolution of the DEMs, other parameters should be available in appropriate detail.

Source of the great A.D. 1257 mystery eruption unveiled, Samalas volcano, Rinjani Volcanic Complex, Indonesia

Polar ice core records attest to a colossal volcanic eruption that took place ca. A.D. 1257 or 1258, most probably in the tropics. Estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere of the past 7,000 y. Tree rings, medieval chronicles, and computational models corroborate the expected worldwide atmospheric and climatic effects of this eruption. However, until now there has been no convincing candidate for the mid-13th century "mystery eruption." Drawing upon compelling evidence from stratigraphic and geomorphic data, physical volcanology, radiocarbon dating, tephra geochemistry, and chronicles, we argue the source of this long-sought eruption is the Samalas volcano, adjacent to Mount Rinjani on Lombok Island, Indonesia. At least 40 km(3) (dense-rock equivalent) of tephra were deposited and the eruption column reached an altitude of up to 43 km. Three principal pumice fallout deposits mantle the region and thick pyroclastic flow deposits are found at the coast, 25 km from source. With an estimated magnitude of 7, this event ranks among the largest Holocene explosive eruptions. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal are consistent with a mid-13th century eruption. In addition, glass geochemistry of the associated pumice deposits matches that of shards found in both Arctic and Antarctic ice cores, providing compelling evidence to link the prominent A.D. 1258/1259 ice core sulfate spike to Samalas. We further constrain the timing of the mystery eruption based on tephra dispersal and historical records, suggesting it occurred between May and October A.D. 1257.

PERILAKU EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI SEKITAR KAWASAN HUTAN GUNUNG RINJANI PULAU LOMBOK

<em>The objectives of this research are (1) to describe behavior of household economy; (2) to analyze factors affecting the behavior of household economy; and (3) to analyze income and outcome of households on basic equilibrium level and on actual equilibrium level. The results of the research showed that the community forest programs (HKm) given to the community living around the forests had opened job opportunities and income sources to the community living around Mount Rinjani Forest, and community incomes were far above basic equilibrium level. Factors which consistently and positively affected the economic behavior of community households were the area of HKm land occupied, the diversity of household works, the access of their villages to the center of economic activities and the area of land they utilized other than HKm land. On the other hand, household incomes from government subsidies (such as BLT and Raskin) and other sources outside the thriving labor tended to make household labors became lazier and poorer, which significantly and negatively affected working time and incomes of households.</em>

A New Owl Species of the Genus Otus (Aves: Strigidae) from Lombok, Indonesia

The avifauna of Indonesia is one of the richest in the world but the taxonomic status of many species remains poorly documented. The sole species of scops owl known from Lombok has long been assigned to the widespread Moluccan Scops Owl Otus magicus on the basis of superficial similarities in morphology. Field work in 2003 has shown that the territorial song of the scops owls inhabiting the foothills of Gunung Rinjani differs dramatically from that of O. magicus and is more similar to those of Rufescent Scops Owl O. rufescens and Singapore Scops Owl O. cnephaeus. Detailed comparisons of sound recordings and museum specimens with those of other scops owls in Wallacea and the Indo-Malayan region have confirmed the distinctiveness of the Lombok population. We describe Otus jolandae as a new species, the Rinjani Scops Owl. It is locally common at elevations from 25–1350 m. and occurs within Gunung Rinjani National Park. The new species is known from seven specimens collected by Alfred Everett in 1896. Otus jolandae represents the first endemic bird species from Lombok.

Planned land use for human settlement development

The quality of digital elevation models (DEMs) is essential for reliable landslide susceptibility assessments. In this paper, two DEMs derived from ASTER (ASTER GDEM v.2 with 30 m horizontal resolution) and TerraSAR-X (GeoElevation10 with 10 m horizontal resolution) data are compared to study the effects of resolution on the derived slope and wetness index parameters in the application of the infinite slope model for the computation of the factor of safety. Several slope stability scenarios representing different wetness conditions with 5, 10 and 100 mm d− 1 of steady-state recharge were calculated for the eastern flank of Mount Rinjani Volcano on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Each scenario was conducted by computing the static factor of safety with mean values of the bulk density, angle of internal friction, cohesion, and failure depth parameters, as well as for their normally distributed values by Monte Carlo simulation. All scenarios were applied to both DEMs. The scenarios were evaluated by calculating the success/prediction rate using the respective area under the curve (AUC) and an existing landslide inventory. Additionally, uncertainties in the estimated positions of landslides were taken into account.Depending on the particular scenario, the success rate of the GeoElevation10 model shows differences up to 3% compared to the ASTER GDEM model. This apparent improvement is mainly caused by the higher ground resolution in GeoElevation10. However, the success rate increases for the 10 mm d− 1 and decreases for the 100 mm d− 1 steady-state recharge conditions. Consequently, the more detailed flow direction in the GeoElevation10 DEM has the highest impact under conditions with lower water saturation. The slight improvement in the total model quality shows that the higher resolution of the DEM has a small impact on poorly parameterized models, in which the material properties are described by roughly estimated parameters. Therefore, the application of a high-resolution DEM to areas with a lack of data on the soil's physical properties is inefficient due to its low cost-benefit ratio. For quick analysis, the ASTER GDEM is of a suitable quality. To fully benefit from the high resolution of the DEMs, other parameters should be available in appropriate detail.