Rinjani Research Articles

Ashitaba's instant chemical and sensory qualities (Angelica Keiskei)

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) is one of the introduced plants originating from Japan,precisely from the island of Hanchijojima which is not widely known in Indonesia. This plantis rich in beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, biotin, folic acid and vitamin C,and also contains several minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus,zinc and copper. can grow well on Mount Rinjani, East Lombok, West Nusa TenggaraProvince, which is located in Sembalum Village. This plant has potential as a medicinebecause the yellow sap contains chalcones such as xanthoangelols (Xas), 4-hydroxyderricin (4-HD) and isobavachalcone. The active substance contained inchalcone is useful for maintaining glucose homeostasis, increasing red blood cellproduction, increasing concentration power. Based on the description above, thisresearch raises the topic of making Ashitaba leaves into instant drinks in various typesand concentrations of sugar. The types of sugar used are brown sugar and granulatedsugar with concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%. carried out several tests of thecontent of instant ashitaba powder, namely testing water content, reducing sugarcontent and organoleptic tests for color, aroma, taste and texture. Data analysis wasperformed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, consisting oftypes of sugar (brown sugar and granulated sugar). From the test results, it was foundthat the lowest water content of 2.76% was found in the treatment of granulated sugarwith a concentration of 60% (G1W5), Reducing sugar levels showed that the treatmentof granulated sugar with a concentration of 20% (G1W1) had the highest levels of 8.33%and 3.61 mg. In organoleptic testing (color, taste, aroma and texture) the results showedthat the treatment using granulated sugar with a concentration of 60% (G1W5) had thequality of color, taste, aroma and texture favored by the panelists.

Hazard mapping in Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail, Mount Rinjani National Park

Hazard mapping in Sembalun-Senaru hiking trail, Mount Rinjani National Park

The development of PISA-like mathematics problem using Lombok Island contexts

The results of the PISA test for mathematical literacy in 2000–2018 and several previous studies show that students' critical thinking abilities in Indonesia are still relatively low. One of the reasons why students' critical thinking skills in Indonesia are low is because PISA-like problems have not been integrated evenly into mathematics learning. The aim of this research is to obtain a prototype of PISA-like mathematics problems in the context of Lombok Island that are oriented towards critical thinking skills that are valid, according to experts. This research is design research, which consists of 3 stages, namely analysis, design, and evaluation. The PISA-like problem that has been developed consists of twelve questions about space and shape, uncertainty, and data. Each set of questions consists of levels 1 to 6. Lombok Island contexts contained in the questions are Mount Rinjani, woven cloth with Subahnale and Alang motifs, the game of Dengkleng (Engklek), Gendang Beleq, and the Limbungan traditional house. At the evaluation stage, the validity of the development product is assessed by experts. The instrument used is a PISA-like problem validation sheet. The results of this research obtained a prototype of a PISA-like mathematics problem with a valid category, according to experts.

DETERMINAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI ALPUKAT DAN KONTRIBUSINYA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAHTANGGA PETANI DI KAWASAN GEOPARK RINJANI

Pringgasela District is one of the avocado producing areas in the Rinjani Geopark Area, East Lombok Regency. Located 19 km west of the city center of East Lombok Regency. The purpose of this research is to (1) analyze the factors that influence the income of avocado farmers in Pringgasela District. (2) analyze the contribution of avocado farming income to farmer household income in Pringgasela District; The method used in this research is a quantitative-descriptive method. The unit of analysis used in this research is farmers who cultivate avocados in Pringgasela District, East Lombok Regency in 2024. The primary data collection method was carried out through direct observation using a questionnaire for 41 farmers as respondents. The technique for collecting respondent data was carried out by accidental sampling. The research results show that: factors that influence the income of avocado farmers are the amount of production, production costs and the age of avocado farmers. The contribution of avocado farming to farmer household income is 10.48%. Avocado cultivation in the Mount Rinjani geopark area pays attention to sustainability aspects by not using chemical fertilizers in farming activities.

Utilization of Facebook as a Promotional Media for Mount Rinjani National Park

Facebook is one of the largest social media platforms in the world, by offering various features that can be used for the promotion of products or services from a company. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze promotional strategies carried out by Gunung Rinjani National Park through the use of Facebook social media. This type of research is qualitative, with qualitative descriptive analysis methods. Data collection was carried out through direct observation and taking data from Facebook social media accounts belonging to Mount Rinjani National Park, the data taken included photos and videos posted on Facebook. The results showed that Gunung Rinjani National Park implements effective and efficient promotion strategies through the use of social media such as Facebook. This destination implements various promotional strategies such as, sharing interesting visual content, holding competitions, organizing educational activities, and disseminating information

Diversity of bird in Timbanuh Hiking Track, Gunung Rinjani National Park, Lombok, Indonesia

Timbanuh Hiking Track is one of the hiking tracks in Gunung Rinjani National Park. This track has four types of potential habitats for birds. This research aims to map bird diversity and their distribution along the Timbanuh Hiking Track. Data collection uses the point count method. Observations were carried out eight times, with a repetition period of two weeks. Bird diversity was analyzed using the Shannon Wiener Diversity Index. Scatterplots are used to map the distribution of birds along hiking track. The results show that on the Timbanuh Hiking Track there are 46 species of birds belonging to 29 families, with a high species diversity index of 3.52. The distribution of bird species is closely related to the four types of habitats on the track. There are four species of birds that are protected based on Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation Number P.106 of 2018, as well as two species with Near Threatened status according to IUCN. The high diversity of birds, the existence of protected bird species, and the threatened status of birds mean that conservation efforts need to be increased by developing bird habitats along hiking track.

Identifikasi Jenis Zooplankton di Sepanjang Perairan Sungai Jangkok Kota Mataram

Zooplankton is animal plankton, which plays a role as primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems and as a link in the aquatic food chain. The Jangkok River is one of the large rivers on Lombok Island. This river flows from the western slopes of Mount Rinjani through the Narmada area of ​​West Lombok Regency to downstream at Ampenan Beach. Many river flows provide functions and benefits for the continuity of life of the surrounding community. This research aims to identify zooplankton in the waters of the Jangkok River, Mataram City. This type of research is exploratory descriptive. Research procedures include taking zooplankton water samples horizontally and vertically. Data collection techniques use observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses the zooplankton abundance index. The research results show that there are 4 types of Zooplankton consisting of 4 species that have been discovered including Harpacticoid copepod, Parathemisto abyssorum, Cyclops bicuspidatus and Diaptomus sp.

Implementation of conservation partnership to improving the role of local community in the management of Mount Rinjani National Park, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Implementation of conservation partnership to improving the role of local community in the management of Mount Rinjani National Park, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Unraveling the Seismic Signal Anomaly at Mount Rinjani Station: In-Depth Exploration with the Detrended Fluctuation (DFA) Analysis Method in Connection with the 2018 Big Earthquake on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara

We analyzed the seismic signals of the Mount Rinjani station to identify possible seismic anomalies before a series of major earthquakes on Lombok Island in 2018. We observe anomalies before earthquake events Mw >= 5.90. This research applies the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method to investigate possible earthquake precursors associated with the analyzed earthquake. The results showed a relationship between scaling seismic signals (α) that exceeds the threshold of α values during the analysis period, and there is a deviation of the root mean square fluctuations in the corresponding scaling that should be rising but constant. The value of α with constant root mean square fluctuations occurs one to three days before the preliminary earthquake Mw 6.40 (28/07/2018) UTC and eight to 10 days before the main earthquake Mw 6.90 (05/08/2018). The Mw 6.90 earthquake had the most magnitude and could significantly contribute to the appearance of seismic anomalies.

Morphological Characters of Plant Species of the Zingiberaceae Tribe in Joben Resort Gunung Rinjani National Park, East Lombok

Zingiberaceae is a family of aromatic herbaceous plants, pseudostem, and rhizomes. Members of this species are found in the low-high lands (2000 meters above sea level), in areas with very high rainfall, and in humid places. Resort Joben is located in the south of Mount Rinjani so the water source is quite abundant and the humid forest conditions are a place to grow various species of Zingiberaceae. This study aims to determine the species and distribution of Zingiberaceae in the Joben Resort, Rinjani Mount National Park, East Lombok. Sampling used the cruising method with five cruising lines, each line has a wide range of 20 meters. Morphological characters identify using the reference book Vascular Plant Systematics, and the kinship relationship dendrogram was created using past 4.09 software. Samples were collected and documented as herbarium, then identified their morphological characters and species. The results of the study found six species of Zingiberaceae which belong to three sub-family, namely Zingiberoideae: Curcuma zanthorrhiza and Hedychium coronarium; Alpinioideae: Amomum dealbatum, Etlingera spinulosa and Etlingera rubroloba, and Costoideae: Costus spiralis.

Eksplorasi Potensi Bacillus spp. sebagai Bakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman di Hutan Primer Resort Kembang Kuning

Kembang Kuning resort is one of the Mount Rinjani National Park Resorts that have high biodiversity, so it has the potential for plant growth-promoting bacteria. Bacillus sp. is one species of bacteria that has great potential as a plant growth-promoting bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and determine the ability of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen-fixing and anti-fungal activity of Bacillus spp. isolated from the Primary Forest of Kembang Kuning Resort, Gunung Rinjani National Park. This research is an exploratory study consisting of the isolation of Bacillus sp., phosphate solubilization test with spot inoculation method on Pikovskaya Agar media, qualitative nitrogen fixing test using Jensen's Nitrogen - Free media, and anti-fungal activity test against Fusarium sp. with dual culture method. There were 21 isolates of the genus Bacillus successfully isolated in this study. The phosphate solubilization test showed that 16 bacterial isolates could solubilize phosphate, where the highest phosphate solubilization index was produced by isolate P3.1 namely 0,52. A total of one isolate, namely isolate P3.1, can fix nitrogen on Jensen's Nitrogen-Free medium. In the anti-fungal test against Fusarium sp., three bacterial isolates were obtained that were able to inhibit the growth of Fusarium sp., where the highest antagonism was produced by isolate P2.8 which was 46,66%. Bacillus spp. isolated from Kembang Kuning Resort has potential as PGPB in terms of crop protection.

Development Analysis of Institutional Repository Website In the West Nusa Tenggara: Webometrics Study

The global proliferation of institutional repositories has garnered significant attention, particularly from research-intensive institutions. This trend is crucial for effectively storing, disseminating, and providing access to copious research and scientific output, benefiting both the academic community and society. In Indonesia's research history, repositories have been extensively explored, with a focus on comprehensive research across the country's repositories. This study specifically analyzes institutional repositories in eight West Nusa Tenggara universities. Its objective is a quantitative depiction of higher education institutional repositories in West Nusa Tenggara, utilizing webometrics indicators. This descriptive quantitative research employs a webometrics study with data collected through observation and documentation. The analysis relies on webometrics indicators: Size (S), Visibility (V), Rich File (R), Scholar (Sc), and Weighting. The study showed that Mataram University's institutional repository secured the top webometrics ranking, excelling in Size (S), Visibility (V), and Scholar (Sc). Muhammadiyah University of Mataram follows, securing second place, while Mataram State Islamic University (UIN) claims third. Gunung Rinjani University's institutional repository in East Lombok ranks last among the eight repositories analyzed.

Carbon Stock Environment of Mapping Vegetation in UMMAT Education Forest West Rinjani

Indonesia is a country that has a role as carbon sink which is very influential on climate change in the Southeast Asian region, on the island of Lombok there are clusters that stretch forest hills from West Rinjani to East Rinjani. This Forest Protected or Educational Forest which has been controlled has an area of ​​more than 90 hectares with based on Minister Environment and forest Republic Indonesia SK 405/MENLHK/Setjen/PLA.0/6/2016 in couple years ago are diversity of flora and several types of plants and trees. Land fires or forest areas in Mount Rinjani National Park on the eve of the 78th Indonesian independence along the Aik Berik hiking trail were caused by humans or due to negligence. The community thinks about the condition, the destruction as well as the benefits of Protected Forest/Edu Forest, residents have perceptions about carbon storage and the benefits of Protected forest as a carbon store as well as people’s perceptions about climate change that is happening. The Data was obtained systematically have marked 9 plots divers growth stage 20x20 m for tree shape, 10x10m for poles, 5x5m for saplings, 2x2m for seedlings, 1x1m for wet grass. The form of balance and harmony that is still protected by Muslims the bond between human and Allah, and their environment. The Universe of God’s gave gift to manage and maintain it, so that it remains sustainable and good. In the Al-Qur’an it is explicitly stated that all forms of damage that exist on this earth are the result of human activities in interacting with their environment. That the universe was created by Allah as a form of His love for humans. Allah created and this nature for the benefit of humans. Nature is made a verse or a sign of the existence and omnipotence of Allah. Realizing that the universe is God’s creation, then taking care of the earth and preserving it is part of the consequences of this monotheistic belief. The primary data used is hill mapping, settlements and watershed observations of perceptions about carbon storage to vegetation, while the purpose of the activity or research is to carry out an analysis of identifying community perceptions of carbon storage and forest vegetation in Batu Bolong Village.

Ecotourism Hazard Mapping in Torean Trail, Mount Rinjani National Park, North Lombok District

Mount Rinjani is a mountain located in Mount Rinjani National Park and is popular as a hiking tourist destination. The Torean Trail is one of 6 hiking trails on Mount Rinjani that has potential ecotourism hazards, namely physical hazards, biological hazards, and human activity hazards. The purpose of the study was to identify and assess potential hazards in hiking activities on the Torean trail based on physical, biological and human activity aspects. The type of data collected is data on potential physical, biological and human activity hazards that may pose a risk, the incidence of accidents, and the location where the hazards are found. Data were collected through literature study, field observations, and interviews. There are 3 kinds of hazards found in the Toreab Trail, namely physical hazards, biological hazards, and human hazards. These hazards can threaten tourists when hiking through the Torean Trail.

The Role of the Sembalun Community Development Center in Increasing Ecological Awareness and Economic Development of the Sembalun Village Community

Humans, nature, animals, and plants are a unit that forms the life cycle. These four elements are a condition of balance for the survival of life. If one is disturbed, the other elements will also be shaken. Environmental problems that are happening are also caused by the very apprehensive economic conditions of the people. Because of poverty, nature is the only object seen as capable of liberating it from the myriad of economic problems increasingly entangling in life. If so, then the balance of nature for the next generation's life is no longer thought of. The increasingly brutal behavior of society causes various kinds of life problems to emerge. Therefore, in this study, researchers will discuss ecological awareness and economic development carried out by social institutions, namely the Sembalun Community Development Center, which is currently on the island of Lombok, to be precise in Sembalun village, a village around the slopes of Mount Rinjani. The method used in this study is qualitative, descriptive analysis. In this study, it can be seen that SCDC plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of nature and the socio-economic welfare of the community. Keywords: awareness, ecology, development

Determination of 1-D Seismic Velocity Model in Lombok Island

The interpretation of local geology structure can be done effectively by using an appropriate local seismic velocity model. It is suitable to implement in Lombok Island that the local fault activity near Mount Rinjani caused the 2019 East Lombok Earthquake. This study determines and updates the 1-D seismic velocity model using the VELEST by applying the Coupled Hypocenter-Velocity method. The 2010-2022 earthquake data from the catalog of BMKG is used for this study. A total of about 166 events (M ≥ 4) and 20 seismic stations in Lombok and surrounding areas are utilized in this study. The local model (Koulakov) and global (AK-135) are selected as the initial model. The double-difference method is also used to test both velocity models refining the hypocenter location. The results show that the updated Koulakov model has a high relevance in representing the crustal structure of Lombok Island according to the parameters of RMS value, uncertainties hypocenter, and seismic interpretation. It demonstrates not only the local geology condition but also a more reliable seismic velocity model in the region of Lombok Island. This model can be used as a reference for interpreting the better geological structure.

Analyzing residents’ preferences to ecotourism impacts using simple additive weighting: The case of Mount Rinjani National Park, Indonesia

Under the more current paradigm of protected area management, which takes a more integrated approach to conservation and development opportunities, residents are now seen as co-managers of protected areas. Through the Social Representation Theory, Rational Choice Theory, and Social Identity Theory, this study aims to identify the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of ecotourism perceived by the residents and their priorities/preferences in Mount Rinjani National Park (MNRP). This study employed the qualitative method (phase 1) and the quantitative method (phase 2). Phase 1 collected primary data through focus group discussion (FGD). The FGD was conducted with 7 participants who were chosen using judgment sampling. Data in the FGD were transcribed and analyzed with content analysis. Results of the analysis in phase 1 were utilized as the basis for analysis in phase 2. Phase 2 collected the data from a survey. Due to the homogeneity of the population, 30 respondents were chosen as the sample using purposive sampling. Data of the survey were analyzed with simple additive weighting. The results showed that the highest preference of the residents was economic impacts, followed by the social-cultural and environmental impacts. From the perspective of Social Representation Theory, it can explain how different people understand and respond to social issues in a community. From the perspective of Rational Choice Theory and Social Identity Theory, although economic impacts rank first, social interest comes first instead of individual interest. Finally, the results of this study can be used as a guide for both the national government (MNRP) and local government (the Culture and Tourism Board) regard to how residents behave towards ecotourism development.

Local climate variability associated to sustainable agriculture at rain shadow areas of mount Rinjani and Tambora in West Nusa Tanggara

Climate is driven by solar energy received on the earth surface and local factor, such as mountains. The solar energy affects climate variables namely, temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind and rain. In addition, mountains perform rain shadow areas and affect variability of local climate. A descriptive research was conducted to study variability of those variables associated to direct normal solar irradiation (DNI), and its possible impact on sustainable agriculture at rain shadow areas of Mt. Rinjani in Lombok and Tambora in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara. The results show that the DNI was relative similar at both sides of the Mt. Rinjani which was 13.15±2.6 MJ m−2day−1 on average. While at Mt. Tambora, the DNI at rain shadow area (southern part) was higher than northern part which were 15.6±2.07 MJ.m−2.day−1 and 13.6±3.2 MJ m−2.day−1 respectively. The DNI was relatively high in low lands and it successively decreased through medium and high lands. ETo, air and soil surface temperature were relatively high at rain shadow areas. In conclusion, the intensity of DNI was not significantly affected by aspect factor of incoming light relative to the Mt Rinjani and Mt. Tambora. The mountains had affected the variability of local climate and performed rain shadow areas to the north from Mt Rinjani and to the south from Mt. Tambora, where there had established typical dry land agriculture of semi arid tropics.

A spatiotemporal prediction model for light pollution in conservation areas using remote sensing datasets

Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) significantly threatens protected areas from urbanization. As urbanization continues to grow, there is a need for forecasting future light pollution and ALAN for the protected areas in Indonesia. This study proposes a four-step computational model for forecasting spatial–temporal light pollution in nine protected areas in Indonesia via spatiotemporal modeling and linear models. The four steps for predicting spatial–temporal light pollution are (i) data collection, (ii) data pre-processing, (iii) model and prediction of population, and (iv) model and prediction of light pollution. Two critical data must be provided: population data from the review area and light pollution data generated by the Earth Observations Group (EOG) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). We are using nine conservation areas in Indonesia, including the Kuningan Botanical Gardens, Bosscha Observatory, Timau Kupang National Observatory, Sermo Reservoir, Mount Batur Geopark, Sewu Mountains Geopark, Mount Rinjani Geopark, Lake Toba Geopark, and Belitong Geopark. The developed model involves a linear model to predict ALAN with spatial–temporal modeling. We present long-term predictions for the next 20 years.

Revealing the rock heterogeneity in Sebau, Lombok Island by applying morphological and elemental composition analyses

Lombok Island is situated in east Indonesia. Its heterogeneity is very complex. It is one of the seismically and volcanically active regions in Indonesia. Several earthquakes occurred on Lombok Island in July-August 2018. Lombok Island is also known as the place of an active volcano (Mt. Rinjani) and geothermal resources in Indonesia. We applied the morphological and elemental composition analyses to know in more detail the rock heterogeneity in Lombok Island by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). In this study, we chose the Sebau hot springs as the study area and collected the rock sample in the study area in August 2022. The FESEM-EDS result shows that the crystalline structures of the rock sample have a compact, unconsolidated, and fine structure with some layers. The significant elements of the rock samples by applying XRF analysis are Si (36.91%) and Fe (30.787%). It is also supported by the XRD analysis that revealed the dominant compounds in the rock samples are pyrite (FeS2) and cristobalite (SiO2). Therefore, there is an indication of the study area is the surface manifestation of the past Mount Rinjani volcanic activity.