Mount Ciremai National Park Research Articles

Visitor Perceptions and Development Strategies for the Kanaga Hill Natural Tourism Object, Mount Ciremai National Park

The purpose of this study was to determine visitor perceptions and development strategies for the Kanaga Hill tourism object. The method used is purposive sampling while for data analysis using a Likert scale and SWOT analysis. The results of visitors' perceptions of the Kanaga Hill tourism object produce a good scale value while for the development strategy: Kanaga Hill tourism object provides opportunities for the community to grow a better economy. The use of Kanaga Hill tourist objects for educational and research facilities. Adequate accessibility for tourists who visit. Promotion that has been going well to attract tourists to visit. The perception of visitors to Kanaga Hill tourism object is good from three variables, while for the development strategy there are four alternatives SO strategies that can be used are Kanaga Hill tourism objects provide opportunities for the community to grow a better economy and the use of Kanaga Hill tourism objects for educational and research facilities. Accessibility is adequate for visiting touristsand Promotion that has gone well to attract tourists to visit.

Analysis of Soil Properties Variations on Various Slope Directions on the National Vegetation Ecosystem of Mount Ciremai, West Java

Mount Ciremai National Park has an area of ±15,500 ha with soil characteristics at various heights and varied slope directions. This study aims to determine the characteristics of soil properties in Gunung Ciremai National Park based on slope direction and its relationship with vegetation growth. The method used in this study is a systematic sampling method based on height intervals on four slopes with depths of 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm. The results showed 1). Soil pH in all four slopes with different heights in the acid-neutral category, 2). The soil texture is classified as sandy-loam and sandy-clay loam, 3). C-organic content is classified as low-very high, 4). The content of N-Total is classified as low-high. 5). P2O5 content is classified as very low-low, 6). K content is classified as low-very high, 7). Ca content is low-very high, and 8). Mg content is classified as low to high. Significant correlation tests of soil physical and chemical properties are found on several parameters such as C/N ratio, K, and Mg.

Prediction of essential oil content in C. sintoc Leaves based on the direction of vegetation slope in Mount Ciremai National Park using ANFIS Artificial Neural Network.

C. sintoc is a plant that has a high essential oil content. Essential oils have many health benefits. Mount Ciremai National Park is an area that has abundant vegetation, especially C. sintoc. The purpose of this study was to predict the volume of oil contained in the leaves of C. sintoc based on its growing location in Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC), West Java. Sampling was carried out in two stages, namely field samples and laboratory samples. Field samples with a single plot measuring 20 x 20 meters. Extraction of laboratory samples by steam distillation method. Data analysis using ANFIS method to predict the volume of essential oil. The results showed that the volume of essential oil in the leaves was largest on the western slope (1,96 ml), northern slope (2,01 ml), eastern slope (1,55 ml) and southern slope (1,37 ml) while the essential oil yield of extract oil in the leaves is found on the western slope (0,08%), northern slope (0,07 %), eastern slope (0,06 %) and southern slope (0,04), On the western slope (1,82 ml), northern slope (1,73 ml). The ANFIS analysis results showed a prediction accuracy of 90,99% with the highest tree productivity when C. sintoc BL grows at an altitude of 650-700 meters above sea level, tree diameter of 42 cm, height of 12 m, growing on sand-textured land and at a humidity of 75 and at a growing temperature range of 25-270C. The value of essential oil production volume is influenced by each variable such as tree diameter, tree height, soil texture, altitude, temperature and humidity.

Habitat and behavior of javan hawk-eagle (Nisaetus bartelsi) in SPTN 2 Majelengka Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java

The existence of the Javan hawk-eagle depends on the condition of the forest in its habitat. If the lowland forest is damaged, the Javan hawk-eagle will be pushed to the higher forest; This can affect the behavior of the Javan hawk-eagle because it is related to the availability of the game in each habitat type. This study aims to analyze the habitat conditions and behavior of the Javan hawk-eagle in Mount Ciremai National Park, using the checkered line method and focal animal sampling. Analysis of the Javan hawk-eagle habitat used a vegetation analysis approach and the level of use of habitat types. The results showed that the Javan hawk-eagle most often used natural forest habitat types (85.38%) at the Cipari site and plantation forests (83.14%) at the Bantar agung site. The dominant tree species in the natural forest are benda (Castanopsis argentea; 20.02%) and saninten (Artocarpus elasticus; 13.30%). Javan hawk-eagles choose trees to nest in kedondong trees (Spondias pinnata) and pine trees (Pinus merkusii ) in valleys between hills and close to water sources or rivers. Overall the behavior of the Javan hawk-eagle found is resting/perching, hunting, flying, and interacting. The most common behavior of Javan hawk-eagles found was resting/perching (80.16%) and interaction (45.88%).

Arthropod Community Structure Indicating Soil Quality Recovery in the Organic Agroecosystem of Mount Ciremai National Park’s Buffer Zone

<a name="_Hlk128052096"></a><a name="_Hlk128036424"></a><span lang="EN-US">The</span><span lang="EN-US"> Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) buffer zone is designed to support conservation efforts. However, agriculture in this area is dominated by conventional farming that excessively uses synthetic fertilizers, which threatens soil quality. Introducing an organic fertilizer and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is expected to enhance soil quality recovery in this area. This study aimed to analyze the differences in soil arthropod communities between organic and conventional agriculture and a forest in the TNGC buffer zone to assess soil quality improvement generated by the application of the organic fertilizer and PGPR. Soil arthropods were collected with Berlese-Tullgren funnels and pitfall traps. Several associated environmental parameters, including soil pH, C-organic, temperature, and moisture, were also measured. Data were analyzed using ecological indices (i.e., richness, diversity, evenness, dominance, similarity) and soil biological quality (QBS-ar). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) was performed to examine the relation of arthropods with environmental parameters. In total, 957 individuals of soil arthropods belonging to four classes and 15 orders were recorded. Berlese-Tullgren and pitfall traps resulted in a similar tendency in most variables, with higher richness, diversity, and evenness values in the forest, followed by organic and conventional habitats. In addition, similarity and QBS-ar indicated that forest and organic communities were more similar than conventional community. C-organic, soil moisture and pH were considered the most deciding environmental parameters for arthropod assemblages. All measured variables in this study illustrated better soil quality in organic than in conventional agriculture. This study implicates the benefit of utilizing organic fertilizers and PGPR for soil quality restoration in agroecosystems.</span>

Composition and Structure of Vegetation of The Upstream Cisanggarung Watershed, Ciremai Mount National Park

Vegetation is one of the important biophysical components of ecosystems in landscape-based conservation area management. The purpose of the study was to identify the composition and structure of the vegetation in the Upper Cisanggarung watershed area of ​​the Mount Ciremai National Park. Data were collected through vegetation analysis using the double plot method with systematic sampling on various types of land cover. Data analysis was done by quantitative descriptive. The results showed that the composition of the number of species in the plantation forest land cover type was higher than the natural forest and shrub land cover types. The total number of species found in all research areas is 94 species. Based on the horizontal stand structure, all land cover types approach the shape of the inverted J distribution (negative exponential), with the horizontal stand graph of plantation forest being at the top position, followed by natural forest and at the bottom being shrubs. Furthermore, plantation forest cover has the highest species diversity index and species richness index at the growth rate of seedlings to poles compared to other land covers, while for the tree level the species diversity index and the highest richness index are owned by natural forests.

Model design of geothermal development plan in conservation forest: A case study in Mount Ciremai National Park

In 2019, Indonesia has installed about 2.13 GW of geothermal and made it the second largest country utilizing geothermal. However, the capacity is less than 10% of the total potential and far from the target of 9.3 GW in 2030. A challenge in geothermal development is the environmental issue where more than 50% of the potential is located in conservation and protected forests. Recently, a regulation has been issued allowing geothermal development in those areas. A study to design a model of the forest area management for geothermal development was carried out in the Mount Ciremai National Park by identifying inventorying and evaluating the changes in forest zone utilization. There are three approaches applied in the study: ecology, social, and technical designs. The forest area management model was developed through stages, i.e., clustering of forest utilization and analysis of ecosystem, social activity, and area management alternatives. It is recommended that areas should be avoided are the core zone of the national park, nature preserve, areas that are indicated as important flora and fauna habitats, primary forests, and steeply sloped areas. It is about 1,369 Ha of the area that can be used for geothermal development.

Economic value of carbon sequestration in conservation forests for geothermal power plant development areas

The government commits to reduce emissions in the energy sector by using new and renewable energy by targeting the development of geothermal power plants (GPP) of 7,241.5 MW in 2025. Approximately 58% of geothermal potential is in forest areas with a carbon absorption function. This study will calculate the potential loss of carbon stock and the economic valuation of the carbon sequestration function in forest areas. The location of study is Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP). The study was conducted on 4022.37 hectares which will be used as the location of the initial study and geothermal exploration area. The potential area of GPP location is divided into: avoid area, minimize area, restore area, and utilization area, considering the land slope level and zoning. The potential carbon stock lost due to the entry of the GPP project in MCNP is 168,311.99 tons of CO2, or 17.95% of the total potential carbon stock in the study area. The economic valuation of carbon stocks using the economic value of carbon is Rp. 5,049,359,810.00. This value is the cost of externalities as compensation for carbon loss from land conversion activity. It should include as input to the economic analysis of geothermal project development.

Association of dominant tree species in lowland forest of Mount Ciremai National Park

The vegetation of the Karangsari rehabilitation zone of Mount Ciremai National Park vegetation consists of several trees that grow together and interact with each other. This study aimed to determine species diversity and dominant tree associations in the rehabilitation zone of Karangsari Block, Mount Ciremai National Park. Field data collection using the checkered line method on a predetermined number of sampling plots. Furthermore, it was analyzed using the Important Value Index (IVI) to determine the dominant tree species and to determine the association relationship using a 2 x 2 contingency table. The study found 22 tree species with a diversity index value of 1.4. The dominant trees found in the study area were tusam (Pinus merkusii), saninten(Castanopsis argantea), anggrit (Nauclea sp), and avocado (Persea americana). There are six pairs of association relationships between dominant trees four pairs are positive and two are negative. This information is essentialfor future management of the use zone.

Keragaman Permudaan Pohon di Area Sumber Air Blok Seda, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai

Water availability in Mount Ciremai National Parks (MCNP) is influenced by sustainability of the vegetation. Therefore, tree regeneration around the water springs area needs to be investigated to maintain the sustainability of water springs ecosystem in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyzed and identify natural seedlings of tree regeneration around the water springs area Seda Block MCNP. The collections of vegetation and abiotic data was carried out on 9 sample plots measuring 3 m × 3 m which is purposively placed around water springs. Result show that vegetation in water springs dominate by seedlings Ficus sp., Ficus hemsleyana, and Trevesia sundaica. Shannon-Weiner diversity index in this location was moderate, but evenness and dominance index classified as high and low, respectively. Overall, seedling of trees dominated by orthodox seed-type and shade tolerant plant. The vegetation in this study dominated by plants categorized least concern (LC) based on IUCN red list. Microclimatic of study site affects 58.89% on abundance and distribution of tree seedlings. Therefore, the springs are in the Seda Block MCNP needs to be conserved and maintain its natural vegetation.
 Keywords: Mount Ciremai National Park, eco-hydrology, canonical correspondent analysis, conservation

Inventory and diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) at Kuningan Resort of Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province

The presence of dragonflies regarding the sensitivity of nymphs towards environmental changes is considered a bioindicator that can indicate changes in water quality and the environment. The purpose of this study is to take inventory of the species and the diversity of dragonflies at the Kuningan Resort, Mount Ciremai National Park in several representative aquatic habitats. The dragonfly inventory technique used a modified line transect method with observation plots that are not limited by a certain distance or area but by a set time of 15 minutes for each plot observation. The results of the inventory obtained 24 species of dragonflies from 8 families, as many as 591 dragonflies consisting of 58.2% of common dragonflies including of suborder Anisoptera consists of Aeshnidae, Gomphidae, Libellulidae and 41.8% of needle dragonflies including of suborder Zygoptera consist of Platystictidae, Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Euphaeidae, Coenagrionidae. The dragonfly diversity index (H’ = 1.94 – 2.32) (medium), the species richness index, or the values of Margalef’s diversity index (Dmg) ranged from 1.99 to 2.87 (low), the species evenness index ranges from 0.39 – 0.6)(low – medium).

Suitability Analysis of Kampung Pasundan Cisamaya in Mount Ciremai National Park Area as Healing Forest Site

Forests are ecosystems that are comfortable for human health. Spots from the forest ecosystem site suitable for healing forest must be identified. The research aims to analyze the suitability of Kampung Pasundan Cisamaya (KPC) for healing forest activities. The research method refers to the Draft Indonesian National Standard Number 9006:2021 concerning Forest tourism for health therapy (healing forest). The results showed that the KPC site is suitable for healing forest activities. Five reconnection activities with nature, namely invitation by air, invitation by vegetation, invitation by land, invitation by water, and release emotion, can be carried out well in several spots on KPC's healing forest track. Healing forest activities regularly and adequately has a positive impact on health.

Drone technology for identification of healing forest spot at Kampung Cisamaya Mount Ciremai National Park

Reconnecting people to nature through healing activities in the forest ecosystem is important. Various studies have shown that forest ecosystems dominated by tree vegetation have positive impacts on physical and psychological health. Not all locations in the forest ecosystem are suitable for healing forests (HF), but their suitability should be identified. Land slope, vegetation density, and easiness access to the site are some physical parameters of the land which are indicators for the development of HF site. Identification of suitable HF spots can be identified using drone technology and GIS. The research objective was the use of drones equipment in identifying potential sites for HF activities. The research site was Kampung Cisamaya in Mount Ciremai National Park. The type of drone used was the Phantom 4 Pro Obsidian equipped with a 20-megapixel RGB camera. The stages of research activities were data acquisition, processing, and analyzing from drone spatial data. Vegetation density was determined through GRVI (Green-Red Vegetation Index), while drone data analyzed the slope classification by DTM (Digital Terrain Model). The accessibility to the location was analyzed through data from the spatial map of the Kuningan Regency. The results found that the use of drones was effective in evaluating the suitability spots for HF activities. From this study can be concluded that the Cisamaya area was suitable for the development of HF activities due to physical parameters of flat to gentle slopes (0-15%), having dense vegetation, as well as the easiness access by people.

Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Vegetasi Tepi Hutan, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat

Mount Ciremai National Park has a high ecological function as a major catchment and water source areas. The objective of this research was to obtain information on floristic composition and structure in the edge forest of Seda Block, Mount Ciremai National Park. To carried out the research, the method used in the analysis vegetation was quadrat transect at an elevation of 602-614 m asl. The results showed that species composition dominated by the families of Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae, consisting of 3 stratas of heading A to C where strata A occupied by Elaeocarpus sp. (40 m) and Ficus involucrata (30 m). Ficus involucrata has the widest heading cover on the observation plot. The condition of the forest quantitative structure generally demonstrates good conditions by forming a reversed J curve, as well as a relatively moderate diversity of plant species and there are no species of plant that dominate the forest edges.

Diversity of insect pollinator on farmland near to mount Ciremai National Park

The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and abundance of insect pollinator and to determine the correlation of insect pollinator to the distance between farmland and the conservation area of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP). The method used is scan sampling. Traps were installed sequentially at intervals of 100m, with 5 observation points (100 m, 200 m, 300 m, 400 m, and 500 m) with 3 replications. There are 573 individual insects found, with a value of H '= 3.285 (moderate diversity). There are 94 individuals (relative abundance = 16.4%) were insect pollinator, consisting of 3 orders, 7 families, and 8 species. The pollinator species found were: Anopilus, Athyma perius, Campsomeris plumipes fossulana, Erynnis tages, Pison spinolae, Syrphus ribesii, Vanessa sp, and Xylocopa. The order of Hymenoptera was most found followed by the order of Lepidoptera and Diptera. The distance between farmland and the MCNP area has a positive correlation (r = 0.592) with the amount of pollinator, meaning that the amount of pollinator increases as the distance between farmland and the MCNP area increases. The distance between farmland and the MCNP area has a negative correlation (r = -0.576) with the amount of insect species, meaning that the distance the farmland to the MCNP area increasingly, more insect species are found.

Habitat characteristics and population of leptophryne javanica in Curug Cisurian, Kopi Bojong, and Ciinjuk in Gunung Ciremai National Park

Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) has a high diversity of flora and fauna, one of which is Leptophryne javanica. Amphibians of the Ordo Anura are declared as new species. Habitat disturbance and destruction by natural and human activities is one of the main threats to the extinction of this species. The purpose of this study was to determine the habitat characteristics and populations of the Leptophryne javanica species in TNGC. The method used in this study is the analysis of vegetation as well as data collection on environmental physical conditions for habitats and capture mark re-capture for population data. Correlation analysis used is the rank sperman. Based on the results of research on vegetation at the tree and pole level that dominates is Nangsi (Villebrun rubescens ) while at the lower plant and seedling level is Balakacida (Barreria laevis ). Physical environmental parameters that significantly affect the species of Leptophryne javanica are water temperature with a value (-min) -0.953, this shows that the lower the water temperature at a certain level, the more the number of Leptophryne javanica populations will be found

Species composition and richness of viable seed bank after fire events in Mount Ciremai National Park and Kuningan Botanic Gardens, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Ekasari I, Sadono R, Marsono D, Witono JR. 2021. Species composition and richness of viable seed bank after fire events in Mount Ciremai National Park and Kuningan Botanic Gardens, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3437-3447. Forest fire is an environmental disaster that can decline ecosystem function and restoration efforts must be considered to restore forest ecosystems after fire events. Natural regeneration using existing soil seed banks is a promising approach in restoration due to its advantage in terms of minimizing cost. This study aimed to examine the species composition and richness of germinable seed banks in several post-fire sites in Mount Ciremai National Park (MNCP) and Kuningan Botanic Gardens (KGB), West Java, Indonesia. One hundred fifty-eight soil samples were collected from the study sites representing fire events (i.e., four post-fire sites and one non-fire site), and soil depths (i.e., upper, middle, and lower). The collection of soil samples and identification of seedlings emergence were conducted from September 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and correspondence analysis using SPSS Version 22. In total, 4626 emergence seedlings were recorded, belonging to 158 species and 58 families in which 41 families in the upper soil layer, 35 families in the middle soil layer, and 33 families in the lower soil layer. The results showed that Poaceae, Asteraceae, and Euphorbiaceae as the most dominant families. The upper soil layer of post-fire site 2018 had the highest species richness (R=11.98), while the lower soil layer of post-fire site 2012 had the lowest species richness (R=2.64). Our findings suggest that when carrying out restoration activities in post-fire areas, it is preferable to use native species that do not compete with species persisted in soil seed banks.

Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Husodo T. 2021. Morphological characteristics and habitat conditions of suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2591-2600. Indonesia is a country that has abundant biodiversity, especially the diversity of plant species. One of the plant species that widely distributed across Indonesia is Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, or locally known as suweg. This study aims to identify morphological characteristics of A. paeoniifolius and its habitat conditions around Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java Province, Indonesia. Several stages of the exploratory survey were randomly carried out followed by purposive intensive observations. The method used to collect and analyze data is qualitative methods combined with simple measurements of quantitative technique. The results showed that suweg in the studied areas had distinctive morphological characteristics, which are different from the rest of the species from Amorphophallus genus. The plant is found in 4 types of land, namely home gardens, gardens, rice fields, and pond edges, whether with open or closed canopy conditions. The density of suweg in the study area is generally low. The climatic and edaphic conditions of suweg habitat in several study areas showed that there are a lot of similarities of conditions with other references. There are also 156 species of plants found that grow around suweg, both in the category of cultivated and wild plants. This- study enriches the existing knowledge on the botanical and ecological information of A. paeoniifolius in the context of geographical area (i.e., Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia).

Composition of Vegetation Types and Structures in Gunung Ciremai National Park Forest

Mount Ciremai National Park forest that area had been encroached. Because of that condition, stand structure especially the species composition and vegetation structure need to be researched. The aim of this research was to identify plant species and analyze forest vegetation structure. This research was conducted between March–April 2018 in the 15.500 ha area with 0.02% sampling intensity. Data was collected using grid line method that consisted of 34 sample plots with the 10 m distance between the plots and 20 m between the lines. The numbers of identified plant species at the research location were 43 species, classified by 10 families and 24 genera. Cinnamomum sintoc has a high level of dominance species. The forest vegetation was consisting by the different growth phases. The tree phase has the highest density of 3672 species/ha, while the seedling phase was lowest density of 1060 species/ha. The forest crown stratification were consisting of A, B, C, D and E stratum. The highest number of plants were from C strata for 4651 trees and the least from A strata with 25 trees with the highest tree was 42 m. Could be concluded that the composition of Mount Ciremai National Park forest have so many number of species and complex structure vegetation forest.

Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl Agro No 1, Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281

Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.