Motorcycle Riders Research Articles

Decision of Queuing Models and Layout Design at a Gas Station

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the accuracy of the queuing models and the application of layout design at the gas station in Ngasinan Wonosobo, Indonesia. Fuel service providers are encouraged to optimize service space as the number of motorized vehicle customers grows. The focus of attention in gas station management is not only on the queuing model, but also on the layout design that is acceptable and adequate for customers, particularly motorcycle riders who use Pertalite. This study will look at how to simulate a realistic gas station queue and provide a user-friendly layout design for anyone interested in gas stations.Methodology: The object of this study was a motorcyclist who was doing Pertalite refueling. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative data, so this study is classified as mixed methods. Purposive sampling was utilized as the sampling method in this study, which is a non-probability sampling strategy. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and analysis of the Multi-channel-Single phase (M/M/S) queuing model.Finding: The findings of this study indicate that long queues can interfere with the activities of other facility users for other customers at the gas station. This study identifies the need for a neat layout design for motorcycle queues by utilizing the service-scape gas station.Conclusion: Although the queue system performs well in the afternoon, the results of the queuing analysis show that the total length of vehicles in the system does not exceed the length of the line, ensuring that the queue does not obstruct other vehicle paths. Recommendations and study findings are explored as a queuing model and layout design in the future.

A Preliminary Assessment of Rider/Driver Gaze Behaviour in Slovenian Urban Areas

Motorcycle riders are an increasing group of road users. The intrinsic characteristics of powered two wheelers (PTW) allow them to be particularly flexible, both in urban and extra-urban environments. Nevertheless, crash statistics indicate that riders involved in road accidents are highly likely to suffer severe injuries, underlining the vulnerability of this group of road users. An element that can greatly affect the safety of PTW users is road design, as roads are usually designed for two-track vehicles (cars, buses, and lorries) and do not consider the needs of PTWs. Additionally, handling a motorcycle is quite different from driving a car; thus, the behaviour of riders is different to that of drivers. The aim of this paper is to compare how different road designs are perceived by riders and drivers and to preliminarily assess if riders’ behaviour and attention allocation are related. For the purpose of this research, an eye-tracking experiment was developed outdoors. Both drivers and riders travelled along a route comprising four different road designs and various road layouts, and the output was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although it was not possible to carry out a statistical analysis due to the limited number of participants, the results demonstrate that there is a difference in the gaze behaviour of drivers and riders, with the latter being far more focused on the left-hand side of the road and concentrating on defined elements of road design. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrated that a higher number of fixations is related to lower speeds. Finally, it was noted that both kinds of road users focus fairly well on the carriageway, leading to the conclusion that the indications given through road markings may be much more effective than vertical signalisation, which has rarely been observed.

The Assay of Potholes and Road Damage Detection

Road conditions with holes are a common cause of accidents in a traffic environment. For motorcycle riders, car drivers, and other vehicle drivers, this can be fatal. For driving comfort, transportation safety, and infrastructure integrity, road surface monitoring and maintenance are critical. As a result, by identifying pot holes on the highway, this article seeks to develop a road contour damage information system. In this work, we suggest an Android-based application for executing data collecting points for government entities such as the NHAI and municipalities, among others. To create the app, we trained a model to recognize whether or not an image has a pothole. If a pothole is detected, the image is saved on a server, where it can subsequently be retrieved by appropriate authorities for maintenance and analysis. Instead of using the classic paper pen method, government personnel can utilise this mobile app to collect data. We plan to limit the quantity of photographs a person can upload because data can be very large. The findings of this study are expected to play a significant role in guaranteeing safe driving in the future by effectively detecting poor road conditions.

Exploring the social acceptance of transforming urban arterials to multimodal corridors. The case of Panepistimiou Avenue in Athens

Urban communities should now build in specific measures, addressing multimodality and fair distribution of public space. The transformation of arterials into multimodal corridors can be a key strategy that will shape new futures. The social acceptance of “push” measure that aim to modify road space allocation have never been examined following quantitative research methods. This study aspires to fill this gap now, as it is inspired by the great debate opened in Athens, Greece about “pop-up” interventions implemented in Panepistimiou Avenue. To explore the social acceptance factors, a rating experiment is designed by developing hypothetical scenarios, which are evaluated by different road users, daily car drivers, motorcycle riders, public transport (PT) users, cyclists, and walkers. A 5-point Likert Scale is utilized, and the collected observations are processed using ordinal logistic regression methods. The main findings suggest that the majority of the participants opted for solutions that ensured a rather equal or balanced space distribution, regardless of their preferred transport mode. Car users were willing to exchange their space, and consequently experience higher travel times for the greater benefit of the city, while public transport users, daily cyclists and walkers recognize the importance to maintain a good level of service for car users too. A surprising finding from this study case is that any increase in a pedestrian area, which is already sufficiently wide, influences negatively social acceptance, while the installation of a cycle lane reports considerably high probability to be accepted from all user groups.

Incentives for mothers, health workers and \u201cboda\u2013boda\u201d riders to improve community-based referral process and deliveries in the rural community: a case of Busoga Region in Uganda

BackgroundThis study set out to investigate how incentives for mothers, health workers and boda–boda riders can improve the community-based referral process and deliveries in the rural community of Busoga region in Uganda. Both the monetary and non-monetary incentives have been instrumental in the improvement of deliveries at health centres.MethodsThe study was a 2 arm cluster non-randomized control trial study design; with intervention and control groups of mothers, health workers and boba–boda (commercial motor-cycle) riders from selected health centres and communities in Busoga region. Among the study interventions was the provision of incentives to mothers, health workers (midwives and VHTs) and boda–boda riders for a duration of 6 months. Monetary and non-monetary incentives were applied in this study, namely; provision of training, training allowances, refreshments during the training, payment of transport fares by mothers to boda–boda riders, free telephone calls through establishment of a pre-paid Closed Caller User Group (CUG) and provision of bonus airtime to all registered CUG participants and rewards to best performers. The study used a mixed methods design. Descriptive statistical analysis was computed using STATA version 14 for the quantitative data and thematic analysis for qualitative data.ResultsFindings revealed that incentives improved community-based referrals and health facility deliveries in the rural community of Busoga. The proportion of mothers who delivered from health centres and used boda–boda transport were 70.5% in the intervention arm and only 51.2% in the control arm. Of the mothers who delivered from the health centres, majority (69.4%) were transported by trained boda–boda riders while only 30.6% were transported by un-trained boda–boda riders. And of the mothers transported by the boda boda riders, 21.3% in the intervention arm reported that the riders responded to their calls within 20 min, an improvement from 4.3% before the intervention. Mothers who were responded to between 21–30 min increased from 31.4% to 69.6% in the intervention arm while in the control arm, it only increased from 37.1% to a dismal 40.3%. Interestingly, as the time interval increased, the number of boda–boda riders who delayed to respond to mothers’ calls reduced. In the intervention arm, only 6.2% of the mothers stated that boda–boda riders took as many as 31–60 min’ time interval to respond to their calls in post intervention compared to a whopping 54.9% in the pre intervention time. There was little change in the control arm from 53.2% in the pre intervention to 41.2% in the post intervention.ConclusionIncentives along the maternal health chain are key and the initiative of incentivising the categories of stakeholders (mothers, midwives, the VHTs and the boda–boda riders) has demonstrated that partnerships are very critical in achieving better maternal outcomes (health facility-based deliveries) as a result of proper referral processes.

Helmet wearing behavior where people often ride motorcycle in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents are a major global concern that affects all people regardless of their age, sex, wealth, and ethnicity. Injuries and deaths due to motorcycles are increasing, especially in developing countries. Wearing helmet is effective in reducing deaths and injuries caused by motorcycle accidents.ObjectivesTo assess the magnitude of helmet wearing behavior and its determinants among motorcycle riders in Sawula and Bulky towns, Gofa zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April, 15 to May 25, 2020, among 422 motorcycle drivers in Sawula and Bulky towns, where people often drive motorcycles. A stratified sampling technique was used to recruit sampled drivers in a face-to-face interview. Data were entered into EPI-data version 3.1 software and exported to SPSS version 23 software to manage analysis. Descriptive analyses such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were performed as necessary. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify the predictors of helmet wearing behavior. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the magnitude and strength of the association.ResultsA total of 403 motorcycle drivers participated in the study which gave a 95.5% response rate. Among 403 motorcycle riders, only 12.4% (95% CI, 9.2 to 15.6%) wore helmets while driving motorcycles. Having license [AOR 3.51(95% C.I 1.56–7.89)], driving distance >10Km [AOR 2.53(95% C.I 1.08–5.91)], History of exposure to accident [AOR 2.71(95% C.I 1.32–5.55)], driving experience of ≥10 years [AOR 2.98 (95% C.I 1.25–7.09)] and high perceived susceptibility to accident [AOR 3.10(95% C.I 1.29–7.46)] had statistically significant association with helmet wearing compared to their counterparts.ConclusionsThis study found that helmet-wearing behavior was very low. Having a license, driving distance, exposure to accidents, driving experience, and accident risk perception were determinants of helmet wearing behavior. These determinants imply the need for interventions that focus on behavioral change communications such as awareness creation campaigns and mandatory helmet wearing laws.

A Report of Post-Concussion Syndrome in Post-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Traumatic brain injury is the most common injury, especially in motorcycle riders who do not wear helmets or those who wear unsafe helmets. This injury can be fatal and result in death, but it can also be healed without any sequelae or with varying sequelae. The type of sequelae that commonly occurs after a traumatic brain injury is Post-Concussion Syndrome. Moreover, it has some symptoms such as headaches, impaired concentration, tiredness, anxiousness, dementia, and impaired cognitive function. Based on its onset, Post-Concussion Syndrome is classified into 3: acute (the symptoms appear less than one month after injury), subacute (the symptoms appear from 1 to 12 months), and chronic (the symptoms appear more than a year). The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of symptoms in cases of Post Concussion. Syndrome that occurs after 6 months after moderate head injury.The design of this study used a case report method in order to report cases in detail through interviews and direct observation on respondents. The results of Rivermead, Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Tests conducted 6 months after moderate traumatic brain injury, indicated that respondents experienced Post-Concussion Syndrome and Retrograde Amnesia. The conclusion of Post-Concussion Syndrome experienced by the respondents was subacute with several symptoms such as headache, dementia, impaired concentration, anxiousness, and memory loss of before injury.

Prevalence of alcohol among drivers, riders and pedestrians injured in road traffic crashes in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

The use of alcohol among road users injured in road traffic crashes and admitted to three major hospitals in Cameroon was studied. Alcohol use was measured using breathalyzers, and data on age, gender, education level, religion, type of road user, time of the crash, crash characteristics, and injury severity were recorded using a questionnaire. Of the 350 participants, 30.9% had blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) above 0.08% (legal limit for drivers); the proportion was highest among motorcycle riders (36.5%), followed by pedestrians (24.8%) and motor vehicle drivers (18.9%). The proportion with BAC above 0.08% was highest on weekend nights and among those who were most seriously injured. Those who reported being Muslims had a lower prevalence of alcohol. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed those associations. Many road traffic injuries could have been avoided if the patient had not consumed alcohol. Actions should therefore be taken to reduce the proportion of alcohol-impaired road users. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2022.2030365 .

Multilevel analysis of injury severity of elderly motorcycle riders: The role of regional transport development

Objective Research specifically focusing on the elderly segment of motorcycle riders remains largely scarce, which represents a serious lack in understanding given the fast-growing trend of aging societies around the world. This article examines factors affecting the injury severity of elderly motorcycle riders in Taiwan using a multilevel model consisting of both individual and municipality levels. In particular, this study emphasized the role of municipality-level factors closely related to the municipality characteristics and policy considerations in directing local governments’ policies and implementing crash-prevention strategies and measures. Methods A multilevel logistic regression model was specified and estimated by using crash data of elderly motorcycle riders across 20 municipalities in Taiwan between 2012 and 2018. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the municipality-level factors. Results Individual-level factors such as being male, old age, no valid license, drunk driving, not wearing a helmet, turning or overtaking others, early morning and evening riding, errors in traffic signaling, and exceeding the speed limit have significant effects on injury severity. The highlighted municipality-level factor, the transport development index, demonstrates its significant effect on mitigating injury severity across municipalities. Conclusions Apart from considering individual factors such as driver-related, vehicle-related and road-side-related variables, this paper shed light on the role of transport development level of a municipality in analyzing the injury severity of elderly motorcycle riders. Policy implications in directing local governments’ policies and implementing crash-prevention strategies and measures are discussed and provided.

Survey and Design Consistency Evaluation in Two-Lane Rural Road Segments

The present research proposes a time and cost-effective methodology to survey and perform a design consistency evaluation in two-lane rural road segments. The implementation of the proposed methodology carried out in Central Greece and more particularly along the national road Volos-Karditsa, from the local community Mikrothives up to the entrance of the Volos municipal unit. The road survey methodology, the process of creating the terrain model as well as the cross-check between the designed road with the requirements included in the Greek Road Design Guidelines Manual-Chapter X, are analytically presented. Similar checks are also performed for the sight distance throughout the road segments aiming to enable the rehabilitation of existing rural roads and enhance their safety level. The design of the road was followed by the execution of an experiment with the participation of a motorcycle rider aiming at the recording of his trajectory throughout the road which was then compared with its geometry. The experiment carried out by exploiting an instrumented vehicle and GPS technology. Several conclusions were drawn regarding the encroachment of the centerline and the deviation from the theoretical trajectory in the middle of the travelled way. Subsequently, the proposed methodology provides a reliable and simple solution of surveying and evaluating a 2-lane rural road in safety terms.

Risk factors of road traffic accidents in Rural and Urban areas of indonesia based on the national survey of year 2018.

Indonesia has a large population with a large number of motorised vehicles, so it cannot be separated from traffic accidents. This study aimed to determine and analyse the advanced level risk factors for road traffic accidents (RTA) in rural and urban areas based on data from the Basic Health Research 2018 (Riskesdas). This study used Riskesdas data sourced from the National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Indonesia, which was collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia using a cross-sectional method. The statistical data consisted of 59,423 respondents aged over 15 years old, who had experienced a road traffic injury and lived in rural or urban areas. The data variables analysis was socio-demographic, lifestyle, smoking status, alcohol consumption, mental disorders, nutritional status and use of helmets on motorcycle riders and passengers. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the most dominant risk factors related to RTA in rural and urban areas. The prevalence of RTA in urban areas was 34.1%, while in rural areas was 28.2%. The factors related to traffic accidents in respondents from urban areas (P < 0.005) were sex (1.342 [1.217-1.480]), age (1.111 [1.067-1.156]) and use of helmets on motorcycle riders and passengers (0.662 [0.566-0.771]). Meanwhile, risk factors for respondents from rural areas (P < 0.005) were mental disorders (0.842 [0.743-0.955]), age (1.095 [1.040-1.154]) and use of helmets on motorcycle riders and passengers (0.682 [0.585-0.796]). We found that the prevalence of RTA in urban areas was higher than in rural areas. The dominant risk factors related to RTA in Indonesia were age, sex, mental disorders and the use of helmets on motorcycle riders and passengers. This finding supports the importance of road safety education and the prevention of RTA needs to be done both in urban and rural areas.

Strategies to reduce road traffic injuries among motorcyclists in Dezful, Iran: stressing on legal and environmental factors.

:Background:Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have been eighth leading cause of death in the world and second leading one Iran in 2018. Every year, a large number of motorcycle RTIs lead to deaths and disabilities due to non-compliance with traffic rules and the traditional design of the streets and routes in Dezful, Iran. This study aims to pursue two goals: identifying the legal and environmental factors affecting motorcycle RTIs, and prioritizing effective strategies in reducing number of motorcycle RTIs in Dezful, Iran.Methods:A mixed method approach was used in this study. In the qualitative phase, focus group meetings using key informants were used to identify the effective factors and in the quantitative one a matrix was used for prioritizing effective strategies in preventing motorcycle RTIs.Results:45 basic codes related to legal factors and 8 basic codes of environmental factors were de-rived from the focus group meetings. Six main legal factors and 3 main environmental factors were prioritized as the most effective strategies to reduce motorcycle RTIs. The legal factors with the highest score were: making visible: obstacles, motorcycles and pedestrians and motor-cyclists using colors and stickers or glossy stickers, further monitoring and training of riders’ license issuance schools, seriousness in enforcing the laws and dealing legally and seriously with violators, continuous marking of roads and streets, random check of motorcycle riders' license, and construction of public parking lots in crowded zones. The environmental ones were: identifying places where traffic signs are covered with trees, and reporting through the 137 call center, identifying and reporting shoulderless and hazardous roads by municipality, and Identifying and reporting accident-causing potholes through the 137 call center. Conclusions:All organizations and stakeholders involved in reducing motorcycle RTIs, should take benefit from different recommendation - i.e. education & awareness, law enforcement and legal actions, environmental actions, collaborations, partnerships, and lobbying, and research.

Evasive Action Characteristics of Motorcycle Riders Towards Occluded-Surprise and Expected Pedestrians: A Pedestrian Mock-Up Study

Evasive Action Characteristics of Motorcycle Riders Towards Occluded-Surprise and Expected Pedestrians: A Pedestrian Mock-Up Study

Proposal of an Active Safety System for Motorcycle Riders Based on Structural Equation Modeling

Proposal of an Active Safety System for Motorcycle Riders Based on Structural Equation Modeling

WALKABILITY STUDY IN MEDAN CITY CENTER BASED ON PEDESTRIAN PERCEPTION: A CASE STUDY OF MERDEKA AND KESAWAN FIELDS

The rationale for this paper is the development of the pedestrian-friendly concept (walkable) widely in several countries in the world. Walkability is an important element in urban development which is closely related to urban design with health issues, climate change, urban economy and social values. Medan City Center is an area that becomes the movement of attraction and generation of public transportation which is followed by the movement of pedestrians. This study aims to determine the existing condition of the pedestrian path and the value of walkability in the Medan city center, precisely in the Merdeka Square and the Kesawan corridor. This study uses the global walkability index method with a quantitative descriptive approach that describes the walkability conditions in the center of Medan city. The results of the study for safety and security variables on pedestrian paths in the center of Medan city are still not able to provide the best service where security facilities in the form of kerebs and bollards have not been able to make motorcycle riders not take pedestrian paths and security from pedestrian crimes is still not able to ensure the level of security even though lighting facilities are available. Then for convenience and attractiveness regarding maintenance and cleanliness have been met where pedestrian facilities are complete and for cleanliness it is rarely seen scattered garbage. The walkability value in downtown Medan shows the number 69 which means waiting to be walkable.

Safer Road Users: Investigating the Influence of Prime Road Markings on Motorcycle Rider Behaviour

Safer Road Users: Investigating the Influence of Prime Road Markings on Motorcycle Rider Behaviour

Stakeholders’ Perceptions on the Performance of Motorcycle Riding Business in Nyamagana District

This study sought to examine stakeholder practices in the Nyamagana district motorcycle riding business. This study used a case study research design with a sample size of 93. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were utilized to collect data, and SPSS was used to analyze it. The findings indicated activities such as using various advertising strategies, raising awareness, forming a motorbike driver's association, offering inexpensive service costs, holding seminars, and safety. The results of correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between promotion strategy (r (90) &gt; -.293 p.005), awareness about the use of motorcycle as a business (r (90) &gt;.154 p048), association of motorcycle drivers (r (90) &gt; -1.12p.295), affordable price (r (90) &gt;.098p.358), and seminar and safety education (r (90) &gt; -.307 p.003). Motorcycles are promoted by government authorities as an easy and quick way to get licensed and insured. There were other concerns including complicated registration, tax compliance, motorcycle driver theft, careless driving, poor personal cleanliness, inadequate passenger safety gear, and traffic issues. The report advocated clear mechanisms for motorcycle business operators to undertake their activities without interference by extraneous authorities, improved working conditions, and regular training and seminars for motorcycle drivers and operators.

Effect of Increase in the Price of Petroleum and Increase in the Sales of Electric Scooter

Abstract: Our paper is among the first to measure the potential effect of increase in the price of petroleum vs increase in the sales of electric scooter. With the prices of petrol inching closer to Rs 100 per liter, the demand for battery operated scooters is on the rise as people want to save on fuel cost. As a result, the sale of e-scooters has increased considerably in the city. buyers of two-wheelers are also evincing interest in purchasing e-scooters and making enquiries about vehicles in the local showrooms Okinawa, a large scooter manufacturer in India, recently reported a 30% sales jump in the last quarter alone. The company attributes this largely to the rise in gasoline prices. Without being tied to a pump, electric motorcycle riders are insulated from fluctuating gasoline prices, and can instead “fill up” on much less expensive electricity from any wall outlet.

The Effectiveness against Traffic Violations with Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE)

This study aims to determine and analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against traffic violations with Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) and to identify and analyze the obstacles in law enforcement against traffic violations with Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) and find out the solutions. This research is an empirical juridical research by combining legal materials (which are secondary data) with primary data obtained in the field. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) is still less effective in its implementation, judging from the data on violations that are still occurring, which are increasing compared to before the implementation of the ETLE system. Public awareness of compliance in driving on the road is still lacking and tends to ignore traffic signs because there are no police officers on the road. The factor for the ineffectiveness of implementing Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) is the lack of camera equipment installed on every road and every traffic light so that there is a lack of valid data to detect traffic violators and also there are still many violators found on the highway, especially motorcycle riders who do not drive in an orderly manner in the absence of police officers on duty on the road.

Determinant of Safety Riding Behavior of Motorcycle Riders

Traffic accidents are still a global problem today. Indonesia is one of the countries that has a high level of traffic accidents. The number of traffic accidents in Jambi City in 2020 was 327 accidents, while traffic accidents in Paal Merah District were 53 accidents. To prevent accidents, drivers must apply safety riding in driving. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with safety riding behavior on motorcyclists in Paal Merah sub-district. The study used a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in June 2021 on the Paal Merah sub-district highway located at the Paal Merah gas station in Jambi City. The research sample was motorcycle riders in Paal Merah District as many as 96 riders. The sampling technique was accidental sampling. The research instrument is a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi square test. A total of 53.1% of respondents have good safety riding behavior, 51.0% of respondents have good knowledge, 51.0% of respondents have good attitudes and 65.6% of respondents have good perceptions. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge (p=0.000), attitude (p=0.000) and perception (p=0.000) with safety riding behavior in Paal Merah District, Jambi City in 2021. It is expected that motorcycle riders always do safety riding when driving. even at close range and there is no inspection from the police.