Motorcycle Ownership Research Articles

Dynamic Interactions between Private Passenger Car and Motorcycle Ownership in Asia: A Cross-country Analysis

Dynamic Interactions between Private Passenger Car and Motorcycle Ownership in Asia: A Cross-country Analysis

Temporal trends and correlates of passive commuting to and from school in children from 9 provinces in China

Objective To examine trends and correlates of passive (inactive) commuting to school among Chinese children aged 6–18 years in nine provinces. Methods The trends analysis used school commuting data from the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 1997 (n = 2454), 2000 (n = 1978), 2004 (n = 1549) and 2006 (n = 1236). Generalized estimating equations examined trends after adjusting for age, sex and region, and also explored the correlates of passive commuting to school in urban and rural areas (n = 6935). Results An increase in passive commuting to school was noted (3.6% in 1997, 14.1% in 2006, P < 0.0001). Children attending schools not located in their local community were more likely to passively commute. In urban areas, maternal education was associated with increased passive commuting (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03–1.92). In rural areas, family income (AOR high/low = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.52–2.96), paternal education (AOR high/low = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.17–2.07), and motorcycle ownership (AOR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.19–2.07) were associated with passive commuting. Conclusion Passive commuting to school increased in China over a decade and was associated with family socioeconomic status, school location, and in rural children, with access to motorized vehicles.

A dynamic analysis of motorcycle ownership and usage: A panel data modeling approach

This study aims to develop motorcycle ownership and usage models with consideration of the state dependence and heterogeneity effects based on a large-scale questionnaire panel survey on vehicle owners. To account for the independence among alternatives and heterogeneity among individuals, the modeling structure of motorcycle ownership adopts disaggregate choice models considering the multinomial, nested, and mixed logit formulations. Three types of panel data regression models – ordinary, fixed, and random effects – are developed and compared for motorcycle usage. The estimation results show that motorcycle ownership in the previous year does exercise a significantly positive effect on the number of motorcycles owned by households in the current year, suggesting that the state dependence effect does exist in motorcycle ownership decisions. In addition, the fixed effects model is the preferred specification for modeling motorcycle usage, indicating strong evidence for existence of heterogeneity. Among various management strategies evaluated under different scenarios, increasing gas prices and parking fees will lead to larger reductions in total kilometers traveled.

Dynamic Interactions between Private Passenger Car and Motorcycle Ownership in Asia: A Cross-country Analysis

Dynamic Interactions between Private Passenger Car and Motorcycle Ownership in Asia: A Cross-country Analysis

Development and trends of China's automobile market: evidence from urban household ownership of cars, bicycles, motorcycles and motorbikes

This paper first examines the development, trends, and regional disparities of China’s automobile production and ownership, then presents a quantitative analysis of urban household ownership of cars, bicycles, motorcycles, and motorbikes (similar to European mopeds), and finally discusses the potential global impacts of China’s emerging automobile market. While the trend analysis of the most recently available time-series data indicates that both production and demand for automobiles, especially cars, in China have increased rapidly since the late 1990s and that China is likely to remain the world’s largest or second largest national automobile market, demand analysis using the urban household survey data by income groups from 1997 to 2008 suggests that the ownership of cars is most elastic with respect to real disposable income, followed by motorbikes and motorcycles, and that the ownership of bicycles has shown a negative but insignificant response to income changes.

A Study of the Use of Intoxicants among Rural Commercial Motorcyclists in Kwara State, Nigeria

This paper investigated the use of intoxicants among rural commercial motorcyclists (CMCs) in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 230 respondents, and data were collected with structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Means, percentages, Pearson correlation, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used in data analysis. Results showed that the CMCs were exclusively male; most of whom were lowly educated, had alternative occupation(s), and operated rented motorcycles. About 40% of respondents used 1-3 types of intoxicants at least once a day, while 20% were occasional users. Intoxicants Use Index (IUI) was computed for each respondent, based on expenditure on type(s), frequency, and history of intoxicant use. Educational level, commercial motorcycling experience, daily income, and working hours were significant correlates of IUI. ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean IUI of CMCs on the basis of ownership of motorcycle, while no significant difference was exhibited based on number of alternative occupation(s) of the CMCs. Stricter enforcement of traffic regulations concerning drug/alcohol use and organizing of periodic educational and counseling programmes for rural CMCs are imperative to reduce the havoc associated with use of intoxicants among commercial motorcyclists.

Investigating household vehicle ownership, mode choice and trip sharing decisions using a combined revealed preference/stated preference Nested Logit model: case study in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

This study proposes a Nested Logit model to investigate household travel behaviour in respect to vehicle ownership, mode choice and trip sharing decisions. The model is analysed using revealed preference (RP) and stated preference (SP) data since a combined estimation of RP/SP data is an effective method of expressing complex travel behaviour and forecasting travel demand for new transport services. In the proposed model, the nesting structure has two levels. The upper level shows car ownership, motorcycle ownership, and no vehicle-ownership choices, and the lower level shows the mode choice combinations for two-traveller households. Trip sharing is considered as one of the mode-choice options in the model. The proposed model is analysed using data from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The analysis conducted informs that Central Business District (CBD) travel, long distance travel, household income, job status, age of travellers and presence of school children in households are key aspects in household travel decisions. Based on these aspects, households make important decisions on vehicle ownership, mode choice and trip sharing. In addition, this study reveals commuters’ hidden preferences for modes that are not in existence, in particular the Mass Rapid Transit System in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region due to be fully implemented in 2010.

Integrated modeling of car/motorcycle ownership, type and usage for estimating energy consumption and emissions

Devising effective management strategies to relieve dependency on private vehicles, i.e. cars and motorcycles, depends on the ability to accurately and carefully examine the effects of corresponding strategies. Disaggregate choice models regarding the ownership, type and usage of cars and motorcycles are required to achieve this. Consequently, this study proposes integrated car and motorcycle models based on a large-scale questionnaire survey of Taiwanese owners of cars and motorcycles, respectively. Incorporating gas mileage and emission coefficients for different types of cars and motorcycles into the proposed models can enable the estimation and comparison of reductions in energy consumption and emissions under various management strategies. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrated models, scenarios involving 10% and 30% increases in gas prices are analyzed and compared. The results indicate that gas price elasticities of cars and motorcycles are low, ranging from 0.47 to 0.50 for cars and 0.11 for motorcycles. Additionally, a high ratio of discouraged car users shifting to use of motorcycles neutralizes the effects of increased gas price in reducing energy consumption and emissions. Pollution of CO and HC even slightly increased because motorcycles are much more polluting in terms of CO and HC. At last, the reductions of energy consumption and emissions under 10% and 30% increase (or decrease) in other manipulating variables are also estimated and compared. The countermeasures for reducing ownership and usage of cars and motorcycles are then recommended accordingly .

A MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE INFLUENCE OF HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS ON MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP: A Case Study in Denpasar City, Bali

This study investigates on household factors which influence motorcycle ownership in Denpasar city, Bali by using a multinomial logit model. The analyses show that the number of family members were about 0.83 and 2.6 times more likely to own, respectively, two and three motorcycles or more than one motorcycle. Total household income of less than one million rupiahs and between one and two million rupiahs were respectively 83.7 and 84.7 percents less likely to influence three motorcycles or more than one motorcycle ownership. Meanwhile, due to its high maneuverability on the congested road, a household was about 3.3 times more likely to own three motorcycles or more than one motorcycle. The probability analyses present that a double change in number of family member could influence one, two, and three motorcycles ownership or more by 19, 34, and 48 percents, respectively.

Mandatory helmet legislation and the print media in Viet Nam

With motorcycle ownership high and rising in Viet Nam, and motorcycle riders vulnerable to both fatal and non-fatal injury, the re-introduction of mandatory helmet legislation in 2007 has been a priority for the Vietnamese government. The paper uses a qualitative analysis of web-based versions of the eight most popular newspapers in Viet Nam to track reporting over four phases of the implementation of the legislation, identifying codes and constructing the dominant themes of the media coverage. The study documents the justification and promotion of the legislation, and the mechanisms for preparing for its implementation at a national and local level, developing solutions and encouraging the replication of successful strategies. It records opposition and obstacles to helmet use, and concerns raised around the quality of helmets purchased. In return, the press notes the response of the market in innovative solutions to these problems. With the successful implementation of the legislation, the functions of the print media in promulgating and promoting the legislation, together with the reporting of ongoing resistance to the process, serve to enable a dialogue between the State and population around expressed concerns. In highlighting quality control of helmets as a key issue, the media have identified a potential ongoing role in monitoring the state's initiative in reducing the road toll from traumatic brain injury in motorcyclists.

The changing nature of motorcycling: Patterns of use and rider characteristics

Notable increases in motorcycling activities since the mid-1990s have been reported in a number of countries worldwide. Governments and enforcement agencies have begun to recognise that not only has this mode of transport been neglected in terms of safety interventions, but also that the reasons behind the increase in popularity are poorly understood. This paper reports the results of a survey distributed to a sample of the UK motorcycling population in order to discover the types of motorcycles they ride and the trips they engage in. From the data, three groups of riders were identified – new, long-term and returning riders. They were additionally stratified by the type of riding they engaged in (leisure or commuting). The results indicated that long-term and returning riders dominated ownership of the higher capacity motorcycles whilst new riders favoured low powered mopeds and scooters. Those riders who used their motorcycles for leisure trips were more likely to be long-term and returning motorcyclists. Using retrospective data, it was found that those motorcyclists who had taken up the activity in recent years, increased the engine size of their machines more quickly, compared to earlier cohorts. Motorcycles purchased today are much more likely to be purchased for reasons of styling and image compared to previous cohorts who relied on them as a form of transport. The overall conclusion is that there is evidence of a shift in the nature of motorcycling in that it has, for some, become a leisure activity, with the motorcycle being more of accessory than a means of transport.

INTER-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD CAR AND MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP BEHAVIORS: The Case in the Nagoya Metropolitan Area of Japan, 1981–2001

This study investigates household car and motorcycle ownership in the Nagoya metropolitan area of Japan. Bivariate ordered probit models of household vehicle ownership were developed using the data from the case study area at 3 time points: 1981, 1991, and 2001. The accessibility that is generally known to be correlated with vehicle ownership decisions is incorporated as an input for the proposed vehicle ownership model to investigate the potential relationship between them. The mode choice models for the area were first estimated to quantify the accessibility indexes that were later integrated into the vehicle ownership models. Inter-temporal comparison and temporal transferability analysis were conducted. Some of the major findings suggest that: 1) age and gender differences have become less important in modal choices and car ownership as motorization proceeds; 2) the accessibility seems to have a significant correlation with vehicle ownership; 3) car and motorcycle ownership may not be independent and may have a complementary relationship; and 4) the deep insights concerning the model selection are obtained from the viewpoints of the temporal transferability.

The motorcycle ownership behaviour in Hanoi city, Vietnam: How unique they are compared to other countries?

The motorcycle ownership behaviour in Hanoi city, Vietnam: How unique they are compared to other countries?

A study on the motorcycle ownership: a case study in Penang State, Malaysia

The fast growing rate of motorcycle ownership in Malaysia has become a serious problem in safety issues and management of traffic system in urban areas throughout Malaysia. To date, approximately 5.8 million motorcycles are on the roads in Malaysia and accidents rate involving motorcycles is high, almost half of the total road fatalities recorded. However, regardless of the high accident rate involving motorcycles, motorcycle ownership in Malaysia has increased rapidly from 0.13 motorcycles per person in year 1990 to 0.26 in year 2004. In this research, issues concerning motorcycle ownership were investigated. A stated preference survey was conducted in Penang state, Malaysia to determine the trend of motorcycle ownership. An attempt to develop a disaggregate choice model based on the data collected was also conducted. Development of this model will give an indication on the future trend of motorcycle ownership in Malaysia which is important in forecasting future travel demand.

Modeling the Working Mode Choice, Ownership and Usage of Car and Motorcycle in Taiwan

In Asia, many developing countries are facing the issue whether to develop the motorcycle market as a transitional phase or to jump to the automobile market directly. In order to examine the issue, this study attempts to develop a mixed discrete/continuous demand model to analyze the characteristics of household's decision behavior associated with the mode to work, ownership and usage of cars, and ownership and usage of motorcycles. Empirical analyses indicate that it is not easy to suppress the ownership levels of motorized vehicles by adopting price mechanism or by improving the quality of public transportation. Thus, in order to prevent a great deal of problems resulting from mixing car and motorcycle flows, we suggest that it is better for developing countries not to approve the development of motorcycles as a transitional phase.

Age and contributing factors to unlicensed teen motorcycling

This study aims to examine the initial age when teenagers engage in unlicensed motorcycling in Taiwan and the factors contributing to their unlicensed behavior. Data were collected from the retrospective experience of a cohort of senior high school students and a Cox regression model was applied. The results indicated that an estimated 63.4% of the students had experienced riding before the legal age of 18 years. Contributing factors such as whether the students were in a vocational senior high school, male, and in households with higher motorcycle ownership rates led to an earlier riding age; in contrast, a higher degree of parental monitoring, fewer motorcycles in the household, living in Greater Taipei, and an increase in the bus density in the district delayed the ages of beginning motorcycling. The higher minimum licensing age of 18 in Taiwan has caused a debate about its effectiveness because of the high prevalence of unlicensed teenage riding. Measures such as parental monitoring, power- or speed-limited mopeds, training programs, and no duo-passengers should be carefully examined if a policy is to be made on lowering the age limit of motorcycling.

MODELING OF HOUSEHOLD MOTORCYCLE OWNERSHIP BEHAVIOUR IN HANOI CITY

The rapid increase of motorcycle ownership associated with inadequate public transport has largely contributed to increased traffic congestion, accidents and environmental pollution in Hanoi. A policy framework to improve public transport and control motorcycle ownership simultaneously has become necessary for solving the problems. Therefore, practitioners have shown interest in the household motorcycle ownership behavior and how households respond to transport policies. Objectives of this study are to develop dynamic discrete choice models expressing the ownership behavior and investigate household response to policy. First, a retrospective survey is conducted for collecting information of the household motorcycle transaction processes. Second, heterogeneity is analyzed using random coefficients logit model. State dependence is investigated using buy-smooth and lagged dependent variables. Finally, the results show the increases in number of workers or students, motorcycle price, income, and previous transactions significantly influence current transaction decisions. Sufficient high taxes imposed on motorcycle users could be effective in controlling the ownership.

Comparative analysis of household car and motorcycle ownership characteristics

This paper investigates the characteristics of motorcycle ownership and car ownership in three typical cities in Taiwan. In the paper, Poisson regression models are estimated for the cities using the household survey data. The motorcycle ownership characteristics are found significantly different among the cities. In general, there are substitution effects between car ownership and motorcycle ownership. High usage of public transportation in the city will cause motorcycle ownership reduce, when the city has better public transportation service. The income level has significant negative influence on motorcycle ownership. The motorcycle ownership will also be influenced by transportation supply level of the city. The research results illustrate a valuable experience in perspective to future development tendency of motorcycle ownership.

Recent Trends in Fatal Motorcycle Crashes: An Update

This report discusses 10-year trends in fatal motorcycle crashes in the United States. The report uses 4 national data sources on motorcycles to assess these trends, including the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (all fatal traffic crashes in the United States), the Motorcycle Industry Council (motorcycle ownership and sales), Federal Highway Administration (motorcycle registration and miles traveled), and the US Census Bureau population values. Although the report is descriptive, it presents some very disturbing data plus potential insight to better understand the findings. Language: en

Exploratory analysis of motorcycle holding time heterogeneity using a split-population duration model

This study integrated the samples taken in 2000 for motorcycle usage and their corresponding records registered in the Taiwan’s Vehicle Registration System to observe the survival process of motorcycle ownership. The specific heterogeneity of censored observations that failed to demonstrate actual ownership status in the registration system was corrected by employing a split-population duration model with a Weibull hazard function. The results indicated that around 11% of all observations would never experience an eventual registration termination and that the hazard rates of terminating motorcycle ownership grew at a slightly increasing rate as the holding time increased. Ways of enhancing the accuracy of the motorcycle registration system and accelerating the elimination mechanisms for old motorcycles should be carefully examined.