Motor Voltage Research Articles

Online Auto-Tuning Method in Field-Orientation-Controlled Induction Motor Driving Inertial Load

Feed-forward current control, which employs a single-pulse mode of inverters over a wide speed range, is applied in inertial load drive applications such as electric vehicles and electric railway vehicles. It is necessary to identify both primary and secondary motor parameters to realize sophisticated torque control in the feed-forward current control region, wherein the current controller cannot compensate for motor parameter errors. An online auto-tuning method that is based on the fundamental components of motor voltages during acceleration with an inertial load is proposed in this study. The convergence of the proposed auto-tuning is discussed, and a calculation method for correction gains is proposed to compensate for the motor parameters. The proposed method is verified via numerical simulation and experiments with a 750 W induction motor and an inertial load.

PV Based Electric Vehicles Applications With Regenerative Braking Using Bidirectional DC DC Converter

In this paper, PV Based Electric Vehicles Applications With Regenerative Braking Using Bidirectional DC DC Converter-directional DC/DC buck-boost converter with dual control strategy during regenerative braking is used for a two-wheeler application. Proposed system combining of two source one as PV array with MPPT and other as Battery which use to provide as input to bidirectional DC DC converter .During the normal and Good Solar Irradiation Conditions the PV array generated maximum voltage with the Help of MPPT. Therefore it play important role during motoring mode to supply power to motor but when Availability or less amount of solar irradiations output battery will supply power to motor. PV and battery not sufficient to provide power to motor some time. When the motor voltage less than the battery voltage proposed bidirectional converter having ability to charge the battery . using proposed control and converter parameter of motor speed ,armature current, torque analysed along with battery SOC, Current, Voltage.. This is done in order to make the system more reliable and realistic. The overall work analysed with help of MATLAB/Simulink.

Shading Effect on Flow Rate of Solar DC Water Pump

Partial shading (PS) has a negative impact not only on the shaded Photo Voltaic PV modules/arrays but also on the power generated by the partially shaded photovoltaic (PSPV) system. It decreases the output power of the (PV) system and adds to hot fleck issues, which may result in the thermal breakdown of shaded PV modules. Solar water pumping is based on a (PV) system that converts solar energy into electrical energy to power a DC motor. This paper includes a practical investigation on the DC pump performance, as well as the influence of (1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and completely) shading on the performance of the DC pump motor. The current study shows that by Using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, the motor voltage will be stabilized and not affected by the increase in the shading area.

TO DEVELOPMENT OF A MEASURING SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR CONTROL OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP UNITS

The article discusses solutions to create an algorithm for specifying the value of diagnostic parameters and instrumentation of measuring systems for the method of diagnostics of electric driven cantilever centrifugal pumping units by analyzing the spectra of motor current and voltage. The simulation model of the unit was used to establish a quantitative relationship between the amplitudes of the frequency components of the current and voltage of the motor supply line and the dependence of the phase shift between the fundamental harmonics of the current and voltage signals when varying the pressure developed by the pump centrifugal pumping units. An algorithm has been formed that assumes two approaches to refining the amplitude of the informative frequency component of the current spectrum, taken depending on the set of measured parameters. Arrangements of measuring systems for diagnostics of the centrifugal pumping units are proposed both with minimal possibilities for assessing the state of nodes by the spectrum of the current of one of the phases of the power line of the electric motor, and with the extended functionality of the spectral analysis of signals of currents and voltages of three phases of the motor and the possibility of refining the diagnostic parameters in conditions of their distortion by the frequency components of the mains voltage.

Optimal Energy Control of Battery Hybrid System for Marine Vessels by Applying Neural Network Based on Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

This paper introduces an optimal energy control method whose rule-based control employs the equivalent consumption minimization strategy as the design standard to support a neural network technique. Using the proposed control method, the output command values for each power source based on the load of the ship and the state of charge of the battery satisfy the target of energy optimization. Based on the rules, the load of the ship and the state of charge of the battery were the input in the neural network, and the outputs of two generators were recorded as the output values of the neural network. To optimize the weights of the neural network and reduce the error between the predicted values and results, the Bayesian regularization method was employed, and a single hidden layer with 20 nodes, 2 input layers, and 2 output layers were considered. For the hidden layer, the tansigmoid function was applied, and for the activation functions of the output layers, linear functions were adopted considering the correlation between the input and output data used for training the neural network. The propulsion motor was fitted with a speed controller to ensure a stable speed, and a torque load was applied on the propulsion motor. To verify the accuracy of the neural network learning, a generator–battery hybrid system simulation was conducted using MATLAB Simulink, and the neural network learned values were compared with the generator output command values obtained based on the load of the ship and the battery state of charge. Additionally, it was confirmed that the generator command values were consistent with the neural network learned values, and the stability of the system was maintained by controlling the speed, voltage, and current control of the propulsion motor under various loads of the ship and different battery charge statuses.

Design of Motor Intelligent Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis System Based on LoRa

Aiming at the characteristics of low intelligence of the current motor cluster and superconducting electrical equipment monitoring system, high construction and maintenance costs of wired transmission methods. The wireless sensor network constructed by LoRa technology is applied to the motor operating state monitoring system, while the data transmission efficiency of the system is improved by optimizing the topology of the wireless sensor network (WSN) and processing the transmission data redundancy. The system uses STM32F407ZET6 as the main controller, builds an offline operating state library, and uses HMM model for training to achieve real-time acquisition and fault diagnosis of the status information of the cluster system motor's voltage, current, speed, and position. Practical application shows that the system is running well and can realize the acquisition of the motor's running status and fault diagnosis.

A numerical model of a linear compressor for household refrigerator

Linear compressor is more efficient than conventional reciprocating compressor due to the absence of a crank mechanism. It can also realize capacity modulation, compactness and oil-free operation. A comprehensive numerical model of a linear compressor consisting of a thermodynamic model describing the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, a mechanical dynamics model describing movement the piston and valves and an electrical model describing the interaction of the voltage, current and back electromotive force of the linear motor was established to predict the compressor performance and to help achieve inherent capacity modulation. Experiments were conducted to validate the model using a prototype moving magnet linear compressor and remarkable accuracy is obtained. The measured and predicted piston displacement, current and shaft force agree well with the maximum error less than 10%. The predicted power factor, power consumption, stroke, mass flow rate and CoP show mean absolute percentage errors of 0.8%, 13.3%, 3.9%, 9.2% and 9.0%, respectively. As predicted, the resonant frequency can lead to lowest power consumption as well as the highest power factor and motor efficiency. At pressure ratio of 3.0, when the piston stroke increases by 1 mm, the mass flow rate increases by 0.66 g/s while the cooling capacity increases by 77.2 W. This can indicate the possibility of inherent capacity modulation.

ВПЛИВ ПУЛЬСАЦІЙ НАПРУГИ ЖИВЛЕННЯ ЛІНІЙНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОДВИГУНА НА ПАРАМЕТРИ ПЕРЕХІДНОЇ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КОНТУРУ СТРУМУ БОРТОВОЇ АВІАЦІЙНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПОЗИЦІОНУВАННЯ

A comparison of the parameters of the transient characteristics of the module-optimized closed-loop transfer current of the positioning system without taking into account and taking into account the deep pulse-width modulation of the supply voltage of the linear motor. Their essential difference on speed, overregulation, static error is established. A method of optimization according to the criterion of current circuit speed is proposed, which allows to realize its transient characteristic during a finite number of switching intervals of the pulse-width converter. The synthesis of a digital current loop controller is performed, it allows to realize its transient characteristic without over-regulation during a finite number of switching intervals. The results obtained are based on the transfer function of a pulse-width converter, which is a link in the current loop. It is obtained for the case of deep pulse-width modulation based on the statistical linearization of piecewise-linear modulation characteristics of the channels of the pulse-width converter model. The modulation characteristics are obtained as a result of the expansion of the latitude-modular voltage for multiple values of the control coordinate in the Walsh-Fourier series. The number of Walsh functions taken into account depends on the approximation error and the cutoff frequency of the system. References 11, figures 3.

FEATURES OF THE STARTING MODE OF THE VIBROCONTAINER WITH THE ELECTROMECHANICAL BALANCE DRIVE

The article proposes an approach to determining the patterns of electricity consumption by the vibrating conveyor motors in its start-up mode, and evaluating the influence of the characteristics of the unbalance mechanism on the operation of the vibrating electric drive of the bulk product conveyor. It is determined that in the starting mode the rotation speed of the rotor of the asynchronous motor of the unbalance drive changes unevenly, this leads to uneven load of the motors. The obtained digital data of measuring parameters (currents and voltages of vibroconveyor motors) were recorded using the ADC board E-14-140 and software environment Lgraph2. Experimental studies suggest that the starting currents of the motors are affected not only by the unbalance parameters but also by their initial position, in particular at the counter initial position of the unbalance centers, the peak value of the motor current differences is almost twice as large as at the agreed position. This can be taken into account when choosing the power of the electric motors of the vibrating conveyor, and its overload capacity. Based on the frequency analysis of the curves of the difference of the operating currents of the motors, it is established that the components with a frequency of 16.6 Hz have the greatest amplitude, those that change with the speed of rotation. There is also a constant component due to the deviation of the parameters of the vibrator. Analysis of the curve of the difference of the Mittevi values of motor currents showed that in the spectral characteristic, in addition to the component with a frequency of about 50 Hz, the frequencies 33.4 Hz and 66.6 Hz are most pronounced, which means that antiphase oscillations with a frequency of about 16.6 Hz are superimposed on the fundamental harmonic frequency. due to the rotation of imbalances.

Industrial Monitoring Using Internet of Things -A MQTT Paradigm

Abstract: Internet of things (IOT) has taken a very pervasive role in our technological advancement. Today we find development in medical, schools, industrial sectors using IOT to enhance their operations. IOT is used in medical to gather information about patient’s health records, in schools’ teachers are able to track attendance of students in the campus, in industries motor controls, maintenance, and predictive fault analysis are some of application. The architecture of IOT is setup in such a way that sensors and actuators are connected to the internet. The devices on which interface to internet are small embedded modules such as microcontroller which have limited resources and processing power at the edge. Hence an efficient and reliable communication protocol is needed which fulfills the design criteria. MQTT is implemented using client and broker network entities. In this paper a hardware system is developed which tracks and monitor the parameters like temperature, RPM, vibration, load current and voltage of induction motor. A Dashboard is developed which illustrates the various parameters on IOT cloud platform which can be accessed remotely. Keywords: MQTT-Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, edge computing, Industrial IOT.

A robust stator inter-turn fault detection in induction motor utilizing Kalman filter-based algorithm

Today, due to the widespread utilization of Induction Motors (IMs) in different industries, their condition monitoring is of great importance. Concentrating on the failures of IMs, it has been acknowledged that the stator inter-turn faults (SITFs) are the most frequent electrical failures. This paper puts forward an algorithm for SITF detection founded on Kalman Filter (KF). More specifically, the proposed algorithm employs KF to extract motor current signatures (MCS) and motor voltage signatures (MVS). Afterward, a statistical SITF index is used, based on the standard deviation of the extracted signatures. The proposed SITF index is technically robust against non-fault conditions including voltage quality problems and heavy load changes as well as has a significant performance in the presence of high measured noise-impregnated signals due to utilization of KF algorithm-based. Moreover, during source harmonic pollutions, the proposed algorithm has a very robust performance. Also, due to straightforward and low-computational mathematical basis, the proposed method is computationally efficient. The performance of the proposed method is validated with numerous simulation and experimental scenarios. The results indicate the proposed SITF index has robust performance, promising accuracy and good speed of convergence.

Safe Transportation of Nuclear Fuel Assemblies by Means of Wheeled Robotic Platforms

Certain engineering problems concerning safety of the technological operations of the horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel within the enterprises’ sites were considered. Taking into account current trends in the introduction of robotic systems to reduce the impact of hazardous nuclear materials on personnel, the issue of automated control of the movement of the wheeled robotic platform, which can be used for horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel was studied. The major attention was paid to minimizing the transportation loads on nuclear fuel by means of decreasing the accelerations under its horizontal movement on the robotic wheeled transportation platform, which is a separate issue of the comprehensive safety problem of nuclear materials management.
 The research of horizontal movement safety of nuclear fuel by means of the robotic wheeled platforms was limited to defining transportation accelerations and was performed by computer simulations using mathematical models of dynamics and electro-mechanics. The mathematical model of the robotic transport wheeled platform loaded with nuclear fuel with the on-board accelerometer ensuring the required measurements necessary for an automated safe movement control system was built in the form of the Lagrange equations of the second kind and the electro-mechanics equations of the direct current electric motors. The issue of ensuring smooth running during the displacement of a wheeled platform loaded with nuclear fuel was investigated, since especially in this mode the maximum accelerations are observed, which can lead to nuclear fuel damage. Computer simulation was performed using free Scilab software with open program code. It was demonstrated that due to the proper choice of the time algorithm of the voltage of electric motors, it is possible to ensure a small acceleration during the displacement of a robotic wheeled transport platform loaded with nuclear fuel. The obtained result substantiated the possibility of safe horizontal transportation of nuclear fuel on robotic wheeled platforms within the territories of enterprises, which will significantly reduce the harmful impact of hazardous nuclear materials on industrial personnel.

Performance evaluation of a novel improved slime mould algorithm for direct current motor and automatic voltage regulator systems

This study deals with the controlling the speed of a direct current (DC) motor via a fractional order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controller and maintaining the terminal voltage level of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) via a proportional–integral–derivative plus second order derivative (PIDD2) controller. To adjust the parameters of those controllers, a novel improved slime mould algorithm (ISMA) is proposed. The latter is a novel metaheuristic algorithm developed in this work. The proposed algorithm aims to improve the original SMA in terms of exploration with the aid of a modified opposition-based learning scheme and in terms of exploitation with the aid of the Nelder–Mead simplex search method. A time domain objective function, which includes time response specifications of steady state error and maximum overshoot along with rise and settling times, is used as a performance index to design the FOPID controller-based DC motor system and PIDD2 controller-based AVR system. The performance of the proposed novel approaches for both systems are assessed through time and frequency domain simulations along with statistical tests which show the greater performance of the improved algorithm. Further to this, the efficacy of the proposed approaches for both systems is compared with other available and effective approaches in the literature. The extensive comparative results demonstrate the proposed method to be superior to those state-of-the-art approaches for both DC motor speed and AVR control systems.

Variable Speed Drives in Electric Elevator Systems: A Review

Due to the industrial development and the growing modernity, the elevator systems have become indispensable in many multi-story buildings. When electrical elevators are employed to transport people, riding comfort becomes a very important issue, especially when high-speed elevators are used in high-rise buildings. The elevator systems should provide a good stop accuracy and excellent levels of ride comfort. Passengers experience some problems that affect their comfort such as vibration and jerk that occur when travelling between elevator floors especially when starting and stopping the cabin. To minimize the effects of these problems, the cabin must be driven in such a way as to ensure smooth operation and smooth starting and stopping. Therefore, there is a need to control the voltage and frequency of the electric motor that drives the elevator cabin.This paper introduces a look at the different types of variable speed drives and how they’re used in electric elevator systems, discussing current systems as well as recent development in the field. Therefore, a variable-speed design that provides smooth movement is needed to include a smooth ride, accurate leveling, and a large number of start and stop operations First, some basic principles in driving systems, such as load curves and driving speed/torque, as well as their relationship to stability, are discussed; reference curve generation; speed curve profiling of the elevator system to achieve smooth transmission. The latest study in this topic reached the implementation of an elevator prototype driven by permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMSLM) loaded by 24kg. The motor was controlled by voltage frequency drive (VFD) programmed with offline S-curve to get a smooth start and smooth stop for the elevator cabin and constant travel speed with the least jerk possible, estimated by 88% compared the that without using the driver.

Deep Reinforcement Learning Guided Cascade Control for Air Supply of Polymer Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

The power consumption of an electric air compressor becomes the major parasitic energy waste leading to the deterioration of net efficiency of the fuel cell system (FCS). Optimal control of the oxygen excess ratio (OER) is recognized as a feasible way to resolve the paradox of stack health and system efficiency. Herein, a novel cascade control scheme that leverages model predictive control (MPC), fuzzy Proportion Integral control (FPI), and deep reinforcement learning technique is proposed to regulate the OER for a 75 kW FCS. The master‐slave control structure is adopted, and a reference air mass flow rate and the motor voltage of the air compressor are taken as control targets, respectively. A deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is used as a parameter tuner for MPCProportion Integral (PI) controller. The results indicate that both MPCFPI and DDPGMPCPI can achieve better control performance indices in comparison to classic controller under step response and a typical driving cycle. The DDPG‐guided cascade controller is also capable of regulating the OER tracking error and the derivative of rotation speed of the air compressor, which reveals the potential for extending the longevity of the FCS.

Errors classification method for electric motor torque measurement

The use of high-precision measuring instruments for determining the torque of electric motors in such areas as medicine, motor transport, shipping, aviation requires the improvement of the metrological characteristics of measuring instruments. This, in turn, requires an accurate assessment of their error. Of particular importance is the measurement of power at high-speed installations, where in some cases conventional measurement systems are either unsuitable or have low accuracy. Thus, the use of high-speed turbomachines in aviation, transport, and rocketry creates an urgent need for the development of high-quality measuring instruments for conducting precise research. In turn, in the absence of means for accurately determining the error, attempts are made to predict them. This makes it possible to timely identify the influence of many factors on the accuracy of measuring instruments. The increase in the error arises, as a rule, through abrupt changes in the measurement conditions. Such errors are unpredictable, and their significance is difficult to predict. In the course of the study, the K-nearest neighbors method was used, to establish criteria for which a gross error may occur. The results obtained make it possible to establish threshold values at which the maximum deviation can be established under various conditions of the experiment. In a computational experiment using the K-nearest neighbors method, the following factors were investigated: vibration; temperature rise of measuring sensors; instabilities in the supply voltage of the electric motor, which affect the accuracy of the strain gauge and frequency converter. As a result, the maximum errors were obtained depending on the indicated influence factors. It has been experimentally confirmed that the K-nearest neighbors method can be used to classify deviations of the nominal value of the error of measuring instruments under various measurement conditions. A metrological stand has been developed for the experiment. It includes a strain gauge sensor for measuring torque and a photosensitive sensor for measuring the speed of the electric motor. Signal conversion from these sensors is implemented on the basis of the ESP8266 microcontroller

Design and Development of an In-Flight Actuator for Modeling Dynamic Compaction in a Geotechnical Centrifuge

Abstract The objective of this article is to present the design details and performance of an in-flight actuator for simulating dynamic compaction (DC) at enhanced gravities in a geotechnical centrifuge. The developed actuator is equipped with an automatized lifting and dropping mechanism to induce repeated impacts on the soil surface at high gravities, with prototype energies varying from 50 to 400 t-m. In addition, the developed actuator encompasses a wide range of tamper shapes, tamper diameter, and mass coupled with variable drop heights during centrifuge testing, thereby simulating both low-energy impacts and high-energy DC processes adopted in the field. The various components and working mechanism of the developed actuator are discussed, with particular emphasis on measures taken for ensuring vertical alignment of tamper and for minimizing Coriolis acceleration generated during flight. In this article, the results of four calibration tests and four centrifuge model tests of DC on a typical loose granular deposit are discussed, conducted in a 4.5-m radius large beam centrifuge facility available at IIT Bombay, India. The calibration results indicate that the impact frequency can be regulated remotely by controlling the motor voltage to enable monitoring of pore water pressure build-up in saturated soils during impact and its subsequent dissipation. The average time interval between successive impacts, in this case, is observed to be uniform and approximately 1.4–2.3 min in prototype dimensions. Further, the analysis of data captured by pore water pressure transducers and accelerometers, coupled with GeoPIV-based image analysis, was employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of DC in granular soils using the developed actuator for various tamper energies and saturation levels. The results are interpreted in terms of pore water pressure variations during impacts, crater formations, surface settlements, induced ground velocities and peak accelerations, and increases in relative density of the soil after DC.

Method for system parameter identification and controller parameter tuning for super-twisting sliding mode control in proton exchange membrane fuel cell system

The super-twisting sliding mode control (ST-SMC) is widely used in fuel cell system control due to the simple control law and strong robustness. However, it requires an accurate system model. Generally, literature usually reduces the system order and directly gives the empirical value for the system and controller parameters or conducts coefficient identification of the fuel cell voltage model, lacking the specific identification method for system physical parameters and controller parameters. In this paper, a relatively complete control-oriented nine-state fuel cell system model was established, including the model of compressor flow using the artificial neural network method, and the improved voltage model. Then, the data-driven method for key parameter identification was proposed, including the fuel cell throttle factor and motor voltage changing rate considering time delay. In addition, the parameter tuning method for controller design was proposed as well. These two methods are of originality. After the model validation in the perspective of steady and transient performance, the comparison was carried out between the ST-SMC and PID controller. It is found that the throttle factor of the cathodic fuel cell inlet and the delay effect in terms of changing rate of motor voltage impact the system model, where the throttle factor is time-variant, and the delay is noticeable which differs with the step magnitude of the motor voltage. The parameter tuning and boundary estimation of ST-SMC are very specific, owing to the process of treating flow rate as a state, not speed, and are convenient to be generalized. The better ability in anti-flooding exhibits the importance of parameter identification. Although the study is conducted in a low-pressure system, the method proposed in this paper is universal and could be applied to other fuel cell controls for better system efficiency and reliability.

Pembuatan Prototipe Kursi Roda Inovatif Dengan Akses Suara Menggunakan Smartphone Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega 8A

This low power consumption microcontroller is able to execute instructions with a maximum speed of 16MIPS at a frequency of 16MHz and the ATmega8 is tested to work at a voltage between 4.5 - 5.5 V. Test results of motor drivers 1 and 2 working at a voltage of 4.99 prove that the driver circuit has worked according to its function, namely controlling the motor in 2 directions according to the input given. Motor speed can be controlled by adjusting the motor voltage, the higher the voltage, the faster the motor rotates. The voltage drop will slow down the motor to the desired speed, The sensor response if it encounters an obstacle in front of the wheelchair will stop 10 cm before hitting the object. Then the load test is added gradually from 0 to 451 grams. The wheelchair will appear to be starting to slow down at its maximum weight, making it less responsive to commands. After testing, it can be concluded that the tool works as desired, namely controlling the motion of the wheelchair with voice commands and it can be declared successful although there are still some weaknesses and shortcomings that must be improved.

Rotation Speed Control of the Rotary Valve in MWD Tools Based on Speed Feedforward Compensation

The rotary valve speed control, seriously affected by the nonlinear characteristic of rotary valve load torque, affects the generation of drilling fluid pressure phase shift keying (PSK) signal and its quality. The calculation model feedforward of the load torque acts on the speed control system and enables the motor voltage to change according to the law of calculation model, and the linearization correction of the speed system is performed. Additionally, the flow measurement is introduced into the calculation model of the load torque to track the load torque change with the flow, suppressing the influence of large changes in flow rate on open-loop control of rotary valve speed. The closed-loop proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control is formed by negative feedback of speed, and the PID parameter value rule is established based on the rapid decay control of transient component in the rotary valve speed step response, which speeds up the tracking of the rotary valve speed following the control voltage pulse and reduces the distortion of the drilling fluid pressure PSK signal, increasing the frequency of the drilling fluid pressure carrier and improving the transmission rate of downhole information. Simulink simulation indicates that the closed-loop PID control of rotary valve speed can track the change of control voltage pulse quickly and strongly suppress the interference influences from flow measurement error and load torque calculation model deviation.