Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Research Articles

Developments in world motor vehicle production and the future of hydrogen use in the automotive industry

This article provides an overview of World motor vehicle production and hydrogen utilization technologies for current and future use in the Automotive Industry. Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe; however it is always combined with other elements. Still, the costs of hydrogen production from its combined elements remain high compared to other energy sources; it is extremely difficult to store onboard, the use of natural gas as a feedstock emits CO2, and there are many technical challenges to overcome with these systems. Many years of research and development, as well as changes to the energy infrastructure, may be required before hydrogen can have a significant impact on Earth energy use. In the very long term, electricity and hydrogen are likely to become the preferred complementary energy vectors. Hydrogen and the fuel cell are complementary and each enables the other. Nowadays, due to their low production costs, hydrogen engines are becoming more and more advantageous over fuel cells and are be-coming more widespread. Ammonia has the potential to be used as a hydrogen carrier, mainly due to its high hydrogen capacity. A significant effort would be needed to develop onboard ammonia cracker systems or direct ammonia fuel cells for vehicles.

Penerapan Algoritma Artificial Neural Network dan Economic Order Quantity dalam Memprediksi Persediaan Pengendalian BBM

Motor vehicle production in Indonesia increases every year along with increasing demand for fuel as a raw material. Generally, gas stations carry out the process of ordering fuel from Dempo on an irregular basis, the frequency of orders does not have a certain time, orders depend on sales transactions and the amount of fuel inventory available depends on the fuel in storage. Regarding prediction and control of fuel supplies, the risk at gas stations is that the volume of fuel received is different from that ordered. It is suspected that tank trucks carrying fuel during delivery from the depot to gas stations tend to experience evaporation in the tank (loses), so that the fuel quantity decreases. Requests for fuel filling are only based on monitoring without any special calculations resulting in stock being maintained and not covering consumer demand. This research is to analyze the Artificial Neural Network algorithm in predicting fuel, and determine inventory control using Economic Order Quantity. The research was conducted using data from November 2020 - October 2023. The data was processed using the ANN algorithm using Google Colab, and continued with EOQ using Microsoft Excel. The ANN parameters are 1 hidden layer with 100 units, Adam optimizer, learning rate 0.001, batch size 8 and epoch 200. Pertalite ANN test results are MSE 248852593.81 and MAE 12749.45, while Pertamax Turbo MSE 803842.94 and MAE 672, 74 provides predictions for November and December of 11,1436.82 L and 11,1960.83 L and Pertamax Turbo of 3,782.46 L and 3,660.70 L. Furthermore, in 2023 the fuel EOQ of Pertalite and Pertamax Turbo will be 8,445 L and 5,261 L, Safety Stock 3,516 L and 1,064 L, Maximum Inventory 6,042 L and 5,153 L, Re order point 2,403 L and 108 L, Order frequency 149 times and 6 times with Total Inventory Cost Rp. 178,830,302 and Rp. 7,700,459.

Investigation on the Effect of Blank Holder Force and Initial Blank Size on the Thinning Problem of the Fuel Tank Part Made from Aluminum Alloy Sheet 5754-O under Deep Drawing Process

Deep drawing process is a common sheet metal forming technique in motor vehicle manufacturing. There are three primary defects that could be occur in deep-drawn parts: tearing, wrinkling, and thinning. When the thinning is difficulty detected by visual inspection. As a result, this study aims to address the thinning issue in a fuel tank part made from an aluminum alloy sheet AA5754-O 1.5 mm thick under cold working deep drawing process, while the manufacturer's desired upper limit for thinning is 20%. Two influential parameters viz. blank holder force and initial size of blank, were investigated and optimized by using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) through PAM-STAMP simulation software with the validated material model was based on Hill’s 1948 anisotropic yield criterion with Swift hardening law. The mechanical parameters in the mentioned model were derived from the results of uniaxial tensile tests. In conclusion, both the hydraulic cushion's blank holder pressure and the initial size of the blank were found to influence the thinning of the part, either individually or in combination. Despite optimizing both parameters, they were unable to consistently achieve the desired limit.

Effect of gasoline-ethanol blends on the performance of a four stroke engine using Ricardo Wave software

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of fuel blends containing ethanol and gasoline in spark ignition engines. The aim is to explore alternative fuels that can enhance performance while minimizing or eliminating adverse environmental impacts, particularly in the context of limited fossil fuel availability and the need for sustainable alternatives. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the Ricardo Wave software to evaluate the performance of fuel blends with varying ethanol content (represented as E0, E10, E25, E40, E55, E70, E85 and E100) in comparison to gasoline. The assessment involved different composition percentages and was conducted at various engine speeds (1,500, 3,000, 4,500 and 6,000 rpm). This methodology aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how different ethanol-gasoline blends perform under different conditions. Findings The study found that, across all fuel blends, the highest brake power (BP) and the highest brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were observed at 6,000 rpm. Additionally, it was noted that the presence of ethanol in gasoline fuel blends has the potential to increase both the BP and BSFC. These findings suggest that ethanol can positively impact the performance of spark-ignition engines, highlighting its potential as an alternative fuel. Originality/value This research contributes to the ongoing efforts in the automotive industry to find sustainable alternative fuels. The use of Ricardo Wave software for performance assessment and the comprehensive exploration of various ethanol-gasoline blends at different engine speeds add to the originality of the study. The emphasis on the potential of ethanol to enhance engine performance provides valuable insights for motor vehicle manufacturers and researchers working on alternative fuel solutions.

Экономические связи России с зарубежными странами в 1995–2020 годах: анализ межстрановых таблиц “затраты–выпуск” ОЭСР

The paper analyzes the dynamics of Russia’s structural economic relations with countries of the “unfriendly” and “friendly” (including “neutral”) spectrum in 1995–2020 according to data from intercountry input-output tables prepared by the OECD in 2023. The analysis focuses purely on “input” connections that involve the supply of imported intermediate production goods and final investment goods necessary for the production process at Russian enterprises. It is shown that import intensity of Russian final goods was not very high across industries (the remarkable exclusion is production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers), though input-output tables do not allow us to understand the quality and criticality of imports of industrial goods. In addition, the non-stop growth in the share of “friendly” countries is absolutely obvious. However, despite the steady decline in imports (by value added) from “unfriendly” countries in relation to imports from “friendly” countries, by 2021 the first category continued to remain prevalent in many cases, especially in machine building. The steady increase in the share of added value of “friendly” countries in the output of Russian products is apparently the result of such world processes as globalization, the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and other large developing countries, as well as the deindustrialization of Western economies. In the case of investment (capital) goods, for which Russia’s share was initially quite small, it seems that not only the global factors discussed above were at work, but also some targeted efforts of government at import substitution. It seems obvious that Russia currently faces a problem of restructuring its external economic connections and must adapt to changing global processes, maintaining a constructive approach to participation in the cross-country division of the production process, and taking into account geopolitical realities, develop new models of cooperation and integration.

Responding to Alternatives

This Article is the first to comprehensively analyze administrative agencies’ obligation to respond to alternatives to their chosen course of action. The obligation has been around at least since the Supreme Court’s decision in Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Ass’n of the United States, Inc. v. State Farm, and it has mattered in important cases. Most recently, the Supreme Court invoked the obligation as the primary ground on which to invalidate the Trump Administration’s rescission of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. The obligation to respond to alternatives is also frequently invoked in the lower courts and in the D.C. Circuit in particular. But courts lack a consistent framework for analyzing the obligation, providing agencies with little guidance regarding which alternatives require analysis as part of their decisionmaking process. And to the extent that the obligation allows courts a backdoor opportunity to flyspeck agencies’ policy analysis, it runs the risk of displacing agencies’ expert judgments for the courts’ own, often informed only by the parties’ briefing. This Article interrogates the obligation to respond to alternatives and proposes a more stable framework for its implementation. After rooting the obligation in agencies’ general obligation to give reasons for their actions and in the values associated with agency reason-giving, the Article turns to two questions. First, to which alternatives must agencies respond? And second, what counts as a response? In answering these questions, the Article draws on broader goals associated with administrative law, which include not only promoting the values associated with reason-giving but also respecting the need for agencies to perform their tasks effectively and within a relatively stable system of judicial review that recognizes their comparative expertise advantage over the courts. In addition, it seeks to develop a framework that fits with and helps to explain the results in most cases invoking the obligation to respond to alternatives. At the same time, the framework allows us to more clearly identify occasions where courts have reached incorrect results or been overbroad in their framing of the obligation to respond to alternatives.

Design automation system synchronization for cyber physical system with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling in industry 5.0

Recent innovations in determining power—including the Internet of Things, M2M, online services, computational AI, and ARM-based big little multicores for encased applications—have aided in developing industrial process automation. Advanced IP-enabled, the fifth edition of Industry guidelines, are being implemented via actuators, sensing devices, and processors in machinery automation. This allows for increased degrees of competence with less human participation. Because of these novel innovations, the SCPS (Smart et al.) will be pivotal in the next industrialization phase. Multiple integrated systems with varying software are interconnected in an SCPS to perform tasks such as calculation, interaction, supervision, and action. Based on our findings, we propose an inconsistent structure for SCPS that facilitates the execution of composite workflow dynamics via electrical, pneumatic, and hydrodynamic operations. By modeling system problems, instrument postponement, operator interruption, and translation interruption, the proposed design allows for the separation of all components of an operational change, including calculation, oversight, interactions, and activation. This allows us to disentangle these many components. Voltage frequency islands (VFI) with an elevated level of flexibility are used to allocate intellectually integrated components to the many different physical operations, with the amount of flexibility varying from procedure to procedure. All modeled process parameters are fine-tuned using the Variable Volt and Fundamental Shifting methods. In the coming era of manufacturing 5.0, where human involvement is also a part of the procedure in different industries like fuel, compost, paper goods, concrete, space travel, and motor vehicle manufacturing, the suggested layout would be best suited for implementation.

Predicting bankruptcy using artificial intelligence: The case of the engineering industry

Bankruptcy prediction is a powerful early-warning tool and plays a crucial role in various aspects of financial and business management. It is vital for safeguarding investments, maintaining financial stability, making informed credit decisions, and contributing to the overall health of the economy. This paper aims to develop bankruptcy prediction models for the Slovak engineering industry and to compare their effectiveness. Predictions are generated using the classical logistic regression (LR) method as well as artificial intelligence (AI) techniques (artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM)). Research sample consists of 825 businesses operating in the engineering industry (Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.; Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; Manufacture of other transport equipment). The selection of eight financial indicators is grounded in prior research and existing literature. The results show high accuracy for all used methods. The SVM outcomes indicate a level of accuracy on the test set that is nearly indistinguishable from that of the ANN model. The use of AI techniques demonstrates their effective predictive capabilities and holds a significant position within the realm of tools for forecasting bankruptcy.

Are there inextricable connections among automobile stocks, crude oil, steel, and the US dollar?

According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA), Automobile manufacturers use 40% of steel to make the body structure, 23% to make engines and gears, and 12% for suspensions. We untangled the perceived inextricable connections between crude oil, steel, the US dollar, and stocks of Toyota, Daimler, and Volkswagen as the automobile firms with the largest capitalization by using the time series daily data from 1998 to 2023. We used an augmented version of the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) connectedness approach, which is based on the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Auto-regression (TVP-VAR) approach as introduced by Antonakakis et al. (2020). Findings suggested that Volkswagen, Daimler, and Toyota are more affected by shocks in steel prices than by USD and oil price shocks, with a spillover of 9%, 11.72%, and 8.72% respectively from steel. The next transmitter is USD, which contributes 4.94%, 6.37% and 3.96% of shocks to Volkswagen, Daimler, and Toyota stocks, and the third variable is the oil price shocks, which contributes 4.25%, 5.41% and 3.50% of spillover effects to Volkswagen, Daimler, and Toyota stocks, respectively. This shows the heterogeneous responses of automobile stocks with the highest capitalization and sales to the error variances transmitted from steel, USD as well as oil. Most notably, overall steel is a net transmitter and USD as net receiver in TYP-VAR system for Toyota and Daimler and can therefore be used as a diversifier. Our findings are impactful for the shareholders as well as portfolio managers for risk reduction and efficient portfolio management.

The impact of green innovation initiatives on competitiveness and financial performance of the land transport industry

The transportation sector is one of the primary contributors to greenhouse gas emissions that have deteriorating effects on the state of the environment. The implementation of sustainable practices has become one of the most challenging tasks of organizations at present. This study examined the effect of implementing green innovation initiatives on a firm's competitiveness and financial performance of motor vehicle companies in the Philippines. Data were gathered through an online survey questionnaire with a total of 206 respondents composed of employees of various ranks working in companies engaged in the manufacture, distribution, retail, and service of motor vehicles. The theoretical framework presented a hierarchical latent variable model which was validated using the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The model fit, measurement, general construct fit, discriminant validity, and structural model parameters were examined and found to have acceptable values. The findings indicated that environmental regulations, market demand, government pressure, competitor pressure, corporate social responsibility, and employee conduct were the significant drivers of green innovation initiatives. The study also revealed that the implementation of green innovation initiatives positively affects the firm's competitiveness and financial performance. Motor vehicle companies and other types of organizations are encouraged to demonstrate not only their concern for society or community but also their concern for the environment to acquire better market leverage and financial position.

Financial and credit support of market-oriented management of transport engineering enterprises

Purpose. To determine the priorities of the financial and credit support of transport machine building taking into consideration the needs of the national economy, state of marketing environment, and requirements of corporate management. Methodology. The information basis of the study is represented by the statistic data formed according to the classification of economic activity types KVED-2010 in terms of section C “Processing industry”, divisions 29 “Production of motor vehicles, trailers, and semitrailers” and 30 “Production of other transport means”. The research methodology involves analysis of dynamics and structure of production volumes, net profit of the transport engineering enterprises, formalization of trends, evaluation of credit capacity of the industry, and marketing and financial diagnostics. Findings. Key trends in the development of the transport machine-building market within the period of 2012–2020 are generalized: reduction of total production volumes and identification of subindustries-drivers of its growth. Structural shifts in the national economy owing to the growing specific weight of the production of motor vehicles, trailers, semitrailers in terms of prevalence of other transport means (first of all, railway and air ones) are identified. The priorities of financial and credit support of the transport machine building are specified taking into account the needs of civil national economy (railway locomotives and rolling stock, motor vehicles, air- and spacecraft, accompanying facilities) and military economy (military vehicles). To evaluate the objects of credit support, it is proposed to use a concept of credit capacity of an enterprise as its ability of accumulating banking credits on its balances in terms of certain currencies, terms, designated purpose, interest rates etc. as well as their timely servicing and payment. Originality. The scientific and methodological foundations of determining the priorities of financial and credit programme of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated in the context of market-oriented corporate management, whose advantages are as follows (compared with the current ones): highlighting the time lags of production crisis and after-crisis renovation in the context of industries; determining structural shifts in the field of transport machine building, and identifying the economic activity types being leaders or outsiders in the sphere of financial and credit support of the expanded reproduction on this industry; defining polarization of business entities, being different in their size, according to the financial state and solvency with the focus on competitive advantages or crisis. Practical value. Proposals as for restructuring the activities of the transport engineering enterprises are substantiated basing on marketing diagnostics of the state of their internal and external environment, threats and possibilities in terms of war time, Ukraine’s getting a status of the member for the EU accession, and post-war renovation of the economy. In the framework of market-oriented management of the transport engineering enterprises, certain tendencies in the financial and credit support of their complex innovative development are substantiated.

Development of Mechanical Engineering in the Conditions of Globalization (Experience of EU Countries)

The study was carried out with the aim of evaluating and substantiating the key systemic problems of the functioning of the national engineering industry of various countries in the conditions of economic globalization. In order to achieve the goal, development trends and key relative indicators of Polish and German mechanical engineering were analyzed during and under the influence of increased economic globalization. It is analytically substantiated that during the period of economic globalization, absolute indicators increased, in particular the volume of production and the number of employees of the Polish mechanical engineering industry, but instead, its innovativeness and technology decreased significantly, and dependence on foreign enterprises increased. It was revealed that the German engineering industry, in particular the automobile industry, has undergone significant destructive changes under the influence of increased economic globalization. First of all, this is a tendency to decrease the number of cars, and a significant decrease in the share of innovative products in the volume of sold industrial products of the production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers. It is concluded that the identified destructive changes are the result of an irrational, one-sided perception of economic globalization by the main business entities of these countries. In particular, this is the failure to take into account the systemic effects of foreign enterprises and TNCs, excessive export-orientation of products, offshoring, auto-sourcing on the activities of mechanical engineering and the socio-economic development of countries in general.
 The obtained results of the study became the basis for the formation and analytical and theoretical-philosophical substantiation of the hypothesis that compliance with a high level of provision of production processes by national, not controlled from the outside, products of intermediate consumption and an optimal level of export-orientation of machine-building industries, along with a decrease in the level of monopolization in high-tech segments of the global economy, in the long term, will contribute to the satisfaction of the interests of both national economies (in particular, entrepreneurship and the social sphere), and TNCs.

A Multicriteria Method to Form Optional Preventive Maintenance Plans: A Case Study of a Large Fleet of Vehicles

Motor vehicles are composed of a large number of parts, and planning the maintenance activities of different parts is a crucial decision that affects system reliability, operation costs, and capacity requirements of service providers. We propose a systematic method to determine the critical parts that should be handled with extra preventive maintenance (PM) and prepare alternative PM plans with different levels of cost and capacity usage. Our method uses a multicriteria decision-making approach to determine the critical parts and conducts statistical reliability analysis with failure data and expert knowledge to create the maintenance plans. We use the proposed method in a case study to determine optional PM packages that would support regular PM practices in the after-sales service of a large motor vehicle manufacturer. The main aim of the case study is to increase the satisfaction of customers who are more sensitive to failures, such as carriers of food and medical supplies. The results show that the optional PM packages can decrease the cost of failures while obeying the capacity limitation of the company.

Decomposing the carbon footprints of multinational enterprises along global value chains

Significant environmental impacts of multinational enterprises (MNEs) are beyond firms and countries because of their cross-border production-sharing activities. In this paper, we trace MNEs’ carbon footprints (CFs) to the upstream along global value chains (GVCs) and analyze the driving factors that lead to changes in MNEs’ CFs through hierarchical structural decomposition analysis. Our findings show that the distribution of MNEs’ CFs is highly consistent with the distribution of their GVC production networks, where these CFs are mainly concentrated in advanced economies, and emerging markets and developing economies only account for a small but gradually increasing share. Further, MNEs’ CFs are mainly attributed to medium high/high-tech manufacturing, especially in emerging markets and developing economies, where over one-half of these firms’ CFs are generated in computer, electronics and optical products and motor vehicle production. Finally, we analyze the different impacts of changes in the emissions of domestic-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises in host countries and emissions generated abroad on MNEs’ CFs as well as the main driving factors leading to these changes in the US, Germany, China, India, Mexico and Singapore. Our findings provide support for MNEs’ whole global-value-chain emission control to realize global carbon neutrality and shed light on possible pathways for mitigating the domestic carbon emissions of economies that are deeply integrated into GVCs.

Catalysis in Automotive Industry. Mutual Development and Sate of the Art

Estimates and prospects of the catalytic technologies applied on-board for neutralization of automotive exhaust gases are reported. In the next decade, the expected aggregate production of motor vehicles will exceeds 1 billion units; 75 % of them will be equipped with internal combustion engines (ICE), which should have a system for neutralization of exhaust gases. The development of catalytic technologies for neutralization of automotive exhaust gases is mutually stimulated by stiffening the environmental protection standards and improving the ICE. For example, the European standards have moved from Euro-1 to Euro-6d. The introduction of Euro-7 standards in Europe and their analogs in some countries is planned for year 2025. The paper considers also various concepts of the systems for neutralization of exhaust gases intended for gasoline and diesel engines that comply with Euro-7 standards.

Risks of Leukemia in Various Industrial Groups in Korea: A Retrospective National Cohort Study

It is known that occupational exposure to specific agents is associated with leukemia. However, whether the occupational risks of leukemia differ among various industrial groups remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the occupational risks of leukemia among different worker groups by industry. Data for a total of 11,050,398 people from the National Health Insurance System's claim data from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. By cohort inclusion of workers whose industry had not changed for three years and with total workers as a control group, the risk for a specific industry group was expressed as an age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Among groups by industry, 'Manufacture of motor vehicles and engines for motor vehicles', 'Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories', and 'Personal care services' showed significantly higher SIRs. In division analysis, the 'Manufacture of other machinery and equipment' and 'Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities' divisions showed significantly higher SIRs than other divisions. We identified an increased risk of leukemia in workers of certain industries in Korea. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to create a policy to protect workers at risk of leukemia. Various additional studies are needed to protect workers by revealing more precise relationships between individual hazardous substances, processes, and leukemia.

Sensitivity of Economic Branches to Changes in Production Volumes

The paper aim is to verify industry sensitivity to changes in production volumes (sales). Sensitivity confirmation is not based on the data describing economic downturn but on permanent internal industry factors. Internal factors take into consideration cost dependency on changes in output quantity produced. Ex ante analysis would discover why some industries would be more vulnerable than the others when significant economic disruption occurs. It has a serious impact on industry performance and business competitiveness position. The examined sensitivity will be expressed by the indicator degree of operating leverage (DOL). The verified assumption should classify neutral industries as sectors with low sensitivity and cyclical branches as industries with high sensitivity. The research is based on the data of more than 1,000 enterprises belonging to four industry sectors. Cyclical industries are represented by CZ-NACE 29 Manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and CZ-NACE H Transportation and Storage. Neutral sectors are symbolized by CZ-NACE 10 Manufacture of food products, CZ-NACE 20 Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products. Research conclusions are not demonstrable because initial assumptions were not confirmed and significant differences between cyclical and neutral industry branches were not unexpectedly detected using DOL. It demonstrates that examined issue is more complex and the monitored economic environment does not stay stable even during a period of macroeconomic stability.

IZMEĐU TRANSFERA TEHNOLOGIJA I DOMAĆIH REŠENJA: IZGRADNJA MOTORNE INDUSTRIJE U JUGOSLAVIJI 1945−1952.

This article aims to shed light on how the Yugoslav motor industry in the first post-war years sought to overcome the difficulties of mastering the technology of motor vehicle production on a modern industrial basis. During this period, gigantic efforts were made to get the country out of economic backwardness in the shortest possible time. The motor industry had one of the key roles on the path of modernization of the economy, and the state accordingly paid special attention to the construction of factories in this branch of industry. Reliance on pre-war pioneering moves of truck fabrication based on a license purchased in Czechoslovakia was the main capital with which began the process of emancipation of the domestic motor industry. Due to the impossibility to independently solve the issue of construction of all types of motor vehicles, help was sought abroad. Negotiations with the USSR and Hungary were started first, but even before the severance of all relations caused by the conflict between the Yugoslav and Soviet leadership, this attempt to establish cooperation failed. In the following years, after the failure in the East, the state concentrated all its efforts on establishing strong economic ties with the West. Thanks to favorable foreign policy circumstances, the reorientation of state policy had achieved great economic benefits for the further construction of the motor industry. Licenses for the fabrication of the “Ansaldo TCA/60” tractor were purchased, thus resolving the production of all heavy types of vehicles, as well as the production of oil-powered engines. By the early 1950s, cooperation had been established with several renowned companies from Germany, Italy and Switzerland, which provided opportunities for the Yugoslav engine industry to keep pace with the latest technological solutions. However, despite the transfer of technology that played a dominant role in raising the national car and tractor industry, domestic forces played a significant role in the production of the first air-cooled engine, a light wheeled tractor with a gasoline engine and the “Prvenac” truck. The Yugoslav example has shown that reliance on one’s own strength and international cooperation are two inextricably important factors in overcoming all the difficulties that come with the forced industrialization.

Supply chain transparency for sustainability – an intervention-based research approach

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all manufacturing sectors from basic products to luxury goods including the automobile industry. This has necessitated a new line of research on competency building, transparency, and sustainability in automotive supply chains. In this study, the authors examine the competencies required to improve the automotive supply chain routine operations to address the parts supply crisis from multitier suppliers in the post-COVID-19 environment. The authors also propose a list of competencies required in the automotive supply chains to deploy the transparency for sustainability (TfS) framework on a long-term basis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have adapted a cross-case study process using intervention-based research and a design science approach for use in this study and used multiple sources for data collection such as published literature, operational experience, and critical opinions of original equipment manufacturer representatives. The research design includes interviews with global OEMs practitioners as one of the relevant sources of information.FindingsThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on automotive manufacturing operations and global supply chains is unprecedented. The TfS framework cycle has been validated using the real-world semiconductor supply crisis which deals with multitier sustainable supply chain management (MTSSCM), and the authors found that there are competency gaps when compared with existing literature. The list of key competencies identified along with the formulation of design propositions to facilitate both the supply crisis and collaboration among automotive firms to enhance their business performance were also presented.Research limitations/implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the automobile sector significantly. This situation has created many opportunities and obstacles, but this paper only considers the automotive semi-conductor shortage situation, which may be resolved in the near future when there are more installed capacities. Therefore, it is unclear whether the proposed responses will result in long-term solutions. Further adjustments may be needed to revisit the TfS framework. The research paper only addresses the automotive side of the current supply crisis, but more sustainability issues may arise in the future, which need to be dealt with separately.Practical implicationsResearch findings may prove particularly interesting to global automotive vehicle manufacturers, suppliers and policy makers who are seeking to understand multitier supply networks to resolve the current challenges associated with the post-COVID-19 pandemic situation.Originality/valueIn addition to contributing to developing competency requirements, this study enhances the evolving research stream of MTSSCM by linking it to wider research applications of intervention-based research coupled with design science.

Эконометрический анализ влияния монетарной политики на отрасли российской промышленности

This paper presents the econometric analysis of the heterogenous effects of monetary policy on industrial output and producer prices in manufacturing sector in Russia. The estimation of the differences in the impulce responses to the interest rate shock is conducted using structural VAR-models, the analysis of key industrial characteristics, explaining differences through monetary transmission channes, is based on principal components and correlations. Our findings reveal the strongest response to monetary policy in such industries as manufacture of rubber and plastic products, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, manufacture of pulp and paper, manufacture of machinery nd equipment, manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment and manufacture of motor vehicles and equipment. Besides, in these industries the response is usually deffered to 2–3 months after the shock. Our findings also show that the impact of monetary shocks on output is particulary strong in industries producing capital goods and supplies for construction but particularly weak in industries with high concentration and high profits. That means that differences in industrial responses to monetary policy can be described by two key channels of monetary transmission — interest rate channel (due to high demand sensitivity to interest rate changes) and bank lending channel (due to important role of bank loans in fi rms’ financing).