Motor Stator Windings Research Articles

Comparative Study of Three Stator Cooling Jackets for Electric Machine of Mild Hybrid Vehicle

Three stator cooling jacket concepts, including a new cooling jacket concept with parallel straight spiral channels, are evaluated for electric machine of mild hybrid electric car. Steady-state cooling jacket thermal flow analysis and transient-state full motor simulations with circumferential, axial, and spiral jacket concepts are carried out to predict their heat transfer performance and temperature distribution. A prototype motor has been made with the new jacket concept. Infrared thermography is performed to detect the transient temperature distribution of the motor stator windings and laminations for validation of the thermal flow analysis.

Detection Method of Inter-Turn Insulation Defects of Inverter-Fed Motors Under Induced Impulse Voltage

This articles describes a novel method and a sensor for detection of inter-turn defects in the insulation of form-wound stator windings of inverter-fed motors under induced impulse voltage.

RETRACTED: Research on motor control and simulation based on PID and Internet of Things system

A motor application consists of a Single Phase Induction Motor, and it has single-phase winding, which is winding on the stator of the motor and a winding placed on the rotor. A pulsating magnetic field is produced when a phase supply energizes the single-phase induction motor's stator winding shown below. In the existing method, DTC (Direct Torque Control) is based on converting alternating source and fed to the desired source motor low efficiency and high speed. So in this proposed method, Induction Motor Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and IOT (Internet of Thing) for Inverter based achieving an efficiency output voltage or with the lowest amount of ripple content, the high switching frequency. Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) is an emerging technique for controlling PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Inverter-Fed Induction Motor (IM) drives. The precise and quick inspection of the IM (Induction Motor) flux and torque without calling for complex control algorithms. In principle, moreover, it requires only the knowledge of the stator resistance. The application reviews an IM (Induction Motor) essential operation and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) inverter using the space vector theory. The IOT (Internet of Thing) control is a monitoring application of a Checking and controlling compliance and boundary is essential in many applications. The reliable functionality Policies available for equivalents and handles Observing different boundaries and three control.

Envelope Analysis on Vibration Signals for Stator Winding Fault Early Detection in 3-Phase Induction Motors

This paper brings up a novel method for detecting induction motor stator winding faults at an early stage. The contribution of the work comes from the delicate handling of motorvibration by applying envelope analysis, which makes it possible to capture electrical short-circuit signature in mechanical signals, even if the magnitude of the fault is fairly incipient. Conventional induction motor condition-based maintenance methods usually involve current and voltage measurements, which could be expensive to collect, and vibration-based analysis is often only capable of detecting the fault when it is already quite significant. In contrast, the solution presented in this study provides a refreshing perspective by applying time synchronous averaging to remove the discrete frequency component, and amplitude demodulation to further enhance the signal with the help of kurtogram. Experimental results on a three-phase induction motor show that the method is also able to distinguish different fault severity levels.

An Integrated Fault Isolation and Prognosis Method for Electric Drive Systems of Battery Electric Vehicles

The electric drive system is a key subsystem of battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Abnormalities in the electric drive system components may lead to performance degradation in the drive system and, more severely, loss of power in the vehicle. This article presents an integrated prognosis system for early detection and isolation of the electric drive system and component faults. The system first calculates multiple health features, known as health indicators derived from the available onboard sensor signals. Then, an integrated prognostic and fault isolation strategy is used to isolate the root cause of electric drive faults by monitoring the performance of the multiple health indicators. The prognostic system uses a hierarchical approach: it first determines if there is a degradation in the electric drive system by comparing the system achieved torque with the estimated torque and, then, goes further to check multiple component-level health indicators for the various components comprising an electric drive system, including motor stator winding, three-phase current sensors, and resolver. After a component has been detected to degrade to a certain level, the prognosis system sends out an alert before the severe performance reduction of the drive system occurs, thus protecting the customers from loss of propulsion and walk home situations.

Efficiency improvement of permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which are widely used in electric vehicles, have advantages such as high efficiency and power density. However, owing to the limitations in battery capacity, maximizing the efficiency of the motor drive system is essential to extend the driving range. In this paper, a variable voltage control strategy based on minimum loss is proposed, which not only reduces the loss of the inverter below the base speed, but also optimizes the electrical loss of the motor to improve the efficiency of the motor, inverter, and the whole drive system. Moreover the current harmonic of the motor stator winding is also reduced, which provides a guarantee for the stable operation of the drive system. First, the loss mechanism of the motor drive system is analyzed in detail, and an inverter loss model and a motor loss model considering iron loss are established. Then, the loss-minimization control and variable voltage control are analyzed to reveal the relationship between the inverter loss and supply voltage. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed strategy improved the efficiency of the inverter and motor by as much as 12.8% and 0.77%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of the strategy.

Online thermal parameter identification for permanent magnet synchronous machines

Temperature monitoring of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is of great importance because high temperatures can significantly shorten the lifetimes of motor components. Accurate temperature predictions can be achieved using reduced-order lumped parameter thermal networks (LPTNs) with accurate thermal parameters. In this study, an online estimation method based on the recursive Kalman filter algorithm is introduced for online identification of the thermal resistances in a three-node LPTN representing motor stator iron, stator winding and permanent magnet. The identification procedure requires a rotor temperature measurement, which is provided by an accurate pulse-width modulation-based estimation method. The proposed methodology is experimentally validated and applied to real-time fault detection of the motor cooling system.

Frequency response analysis technique for induction motor short circuit faults detection

<p>The paper presents the description for diagnostic methods of induction motor's stator windings fault. The presented methods use Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) technique for detection of Winding Faults in Induction Motor . This method is previously reliable method for faults diagnosis and detection in many parts of transformers including transformer windings. In this paper, this method was used for motor windings faults detection. This paper presents the FRA response interpretation on internal short circuit (SC) fault at stator winding on three cases studies of different three-phase induction motors (TPIM), were analysed according to two status: healthy induction motor at normal winding status and same motor with windings shorted of main windings. A conclusion of this paper provides the interpretation of and validation the FRA response due to internal SC fault case by using NCEPRI algorithm, which is considered as one of certified statistical indicators. The proposed method in this paper had a useful result for detect and diagnosis of stator windings faults of TPIM. The applications of developed method can be used to detece the other machines types faults.</p>

Design of Unskewed Interior Permanent Magnet Traction Motor with Asymmetric Flux Barriers and Shifted Magnets for Electric Vehicles

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) are commonly used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Nissan Leaf electric vehicle (EV) uses skewed-rotor IPMSM as a traction motor. This motor is considered as a benchmark in this work. Although, skewing improves the torque quality of the motor by reducing the torque ripple, it reduces the average torque and increases the motor manufacturing complexity and cost. This article proposes improvements to the benchmark motor torque quality without skewing. The proposed motor uses the same stator winding and rotor magnet topologies of the benchmark motor with the same geometric constraints and magnet volume. Modifications are applied to the placement of the magnets in the rotor and the shape of the flux barriers to achieve the performance requirements. The design procedure of the proposed unskewed design is illustrated. Moreover, the electromagnetic performance of the proposed design is investigated. The design shows competitive performance in terms of the average torque, torque ripple, cogging torque, and efficiency compared to the benchmark motor. The mechanical integrity of the design is also verified. The proposed design is found to be a suitable alternative to the benchmark traction motor with a reduced rotor weight and without skewing.

Early detection and localization of stator inter-turn faults based on discrete wavelet energy ratio and neural networks in induction motor

This paper proposes an improved diagnosis method for early detection and localization of Inter-Turn Short Circuit (ITSC) faults in the stator winding of the induction motor (IM). The main advantages of the method are the simplicity, low cost, and accurate diagnosis of these types of faults such that it can detect and localize even a low number of shorted turns faults in the stator winding of the motor. This is achieved by using a novel indicator that is based on the Discrete Wavelet Energy Ratio (DWER) of three stator currents, with Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Three different models of typical neural networks, namely, Multi-Layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and Elman Neural Network (ENN) based on Bayesian Regularized (BR) training algorithm are proposed for ITSC classification based on fault feature extraction using discrete wavelet transform. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, several experimental tests were carried out under different operating conditions of the IM, which contains the healthy and the ITSC faults cases that have experimented under various loads and different numbers of shorted turns in the three phases of the motor. The obtained results proved that the DWER is an accurate and robust indicator to diagnose the ITSC fault, this is confirmed by ANN results which gave the best results with the Bayesian regularized Elman network model that has the highest performance with minimal error rate is 10−9.Consequently, the combination DWER-ENN has assured its ability to accurately detect high and even low numbers of the shorted turns and localize the defective phase even within various loads in the IM.

Identification and Classification of Stator Inter-Turn Faults in Induction Motor Using Wavelet Kernel Based Convolutional Neural Network

This paper presents an efficient technique for early diagnosis of simultaneous faults in different phases of stator winding of a three-phase induction motor due to turn-to-turn short circuit. A real-life motor has been designed and manufactured with fault emulation features in all the phases of stator winding. Phase currents are recorded by a data acquisition system for different fault conditions. Wavelet kernel-based convolutional neural network (WK-CNN) has been employed for identification and classification of the faults using the recorded current signatures. Various mother wavelets have been tested as convolution filters to extract salient features from the recorded current signatures followed by updating the weights of the filter at each epoch by a supervised learning algorithm. The reason to use a deep framework based on CNN is that it eliminates the requirement of feature extraction and classification algorithms separately. The proposed method also shows promising results when signals are contaminated by the noises, which is always a challenge in an industrial environment. Comparative results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique over the state-of-the-art methods.

Pengaruh Modifikasi Belitan Stator Motor Induksi Satu Phasa Starting Kapasitor Pada Mesin Bor Meja Terhadap Arus dan Daya listrik serta Putaran Motor

A 1-phase 4-pole starting capacitor induction motor which is used as an activator of the table drilling machine has a more complicated construction because it has a centrifugal switch which is connected in series with the capacitor for its initial start and a high rotational speed of the stator field, which is 1500 rpm. While a 3-phase 6-pole induction motor has a much simpler construction because it does not require a centrifugal switch and a capacitor for its initial start with a low rotational speed of the stator field, which is 1000 rpm. This study discusses the effect of modifying the stator winding in a 1-phase 4-pole starting capacitor induction motor on the table drilling machine into a stator winding of 3-phase 6-pole induction motor on the rotation of the rotor. Modifications are carried out on the stator winding of a 1-phase induction motor by changing the number of phases, number of poles, type of winding, wire diameter and number of windings per groove. Modifications are carried out on the windings to obtain a 3-phase 6-pole 24-groove induction motor with 200 windings per groove, a wire diameter of 0.5 mm, and a winding type of spiral double layer. In our trials without a load on the induction motor the rotor rotation decreased by 33.71% from 1498 rpm to 993 rpm, and with a load decreased by 36% from 1450 rpm to 927 rpm.

Coupling loss at the end connections of REBCO stacks: 2D modelling and measurement

In high power density superconducting motors, superconducting tapes are usually stacked and connected together at terminals to improve the current capacity. When a parallel sinusoidal magnetic field is applied on this partially coupled stack, the coupling current is induced and causes additional coupling loss. Usually 3D modeling is needed to calculate the coupling loss but it takes too much computing resource and time. In this paper, a numerical 2D modeling by minimum electromagnetic entropy production (MEMEP) method is developed to speed up the calculation. The presented MEMEP model shows good accuracy and the capability to take the realistic resistance between tapes into account for coupling loss calculation with a high number of mesh element, which agrees to measurements.Thanks to the model, a systemic study of coupling loss on amplitude-dependence, frequency-dependence, resistance-dependence, and length-dependence, is presented and discussed. The results reveal the features of coupling loss which is very helpful devices with multi-tape conductors, such as the stator or rotor windings of motors.

Turn To Turn Short Circuit Classification In Induction Motor Stator Windings Caused By Isolation Failure Using Neural Network (NN) Method

Almost all industries use induction motors as production aids, this is due to several reasons, namely, the resulting rotational speed is constant, the induction motor does not have a brush so that the friction loss can be reduced, and easy maintenance. In this study is to detect damage to the stator winding caused by lamination of the windings so that a short circuit occurs in one phase, which is also called a turn fault. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is used to detect currents with a load of 0%, and 100% which will later be detected for classification on the Neural Network (NN). Categorizing the level of loading and the level of damage experienced by induction motors, namely turn to turn u1, turn to turn u1 and v1, and turn to turn u1, v1 and w1. The reading of the test results conducted on the Neural Network has good prediction results because the Mean Squared Error (MSE) produced does not exceed the specified 5% erracy level.

Lyapunov Exponent and Spectral Analysis for Chaos Detection in the Wounded Rotor Induction Motor with an Internal Fault

ABSTRACT The conventional method for finding the location of turn-to-turn stator fault on the stator winding of the induction motor is spectral analysis. Using the harmonics method, the current spectrum can show the location of the fault. In this paper, it is shown that the chaos phenomenon could occur when fault arises on the motor. The spectrum of chaotic system has a wide range of harmonics. Consequently, spectral analysis is confused in this state. For this reason, first inductances of an induction machine with a turn-to-turn fault in stator winding are determined by the winding function theory. Using the nonlinear control theory, a first-order Poincare's map of the induction machine is computed and a new extended Poincare's map is drawn for the induction machines. In addition, the characteristic multipliers and the largest Poincare's exponents are calculated with this map. The new map is capable of modeling electrical machines in nonlinear and unbalanced cases for stability, bifurcation, and chaos analysis. The characteristic multiplier and Poincare's exponents of the extended map show the condition of a system. Chaos phenomena are observable in the condition of machines with a fault. In such cases, spectral analysis shows that the machine's current spectrum is varied in each period by a continuous spectrum of chaotic systems; consequently, identification of the location of an internal fault is not easily possible with conventional methods such as the Fourier spectrum or harmonics identification on a machine's terminal current. The experimental results supported the chaotic manner of the faulty induction motor.

Dynamic Analysis of Series-Connected and Mechanically-Coupled Twin Synchronous Motor Drive

Series-connection of the stator windings of electric motors could serve a number of purposes, including load balancing between two synchronous motors. This paper modeled and analyzed a drive system of two separate three-phase synchronous motors whose stator windings are series- connected by a unique stator winding scheme, and whose shafts are mechanically coupled to a common load shaft through a speed reduction gear driven through the pinions of the respective motors. The mathematical model is developed in detail, and the system is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is observed that for the case of a balanced load on the respective shafts of the two motors, the dynamic behavior of the two motors are identical. It is further observed that with the particular stator winding arrangement giving rise to six-windings per motor unit, each motor is essentially a three-phase motor and may be operated direct on line (DOL).
 Keywords: Common load shaft; DOL; series-connected stator windings; synchronous motors, six-winding machine

To the choice of the MAGLEV system traction linear synchronous motorstator winding scheme

Aim: Analysis of electromagnetic processes in the linear synchronous traction motor of high-speed ground transport (MAGLEV) and the choice of stator winding connection schemejustification.
 Methods: An analytical study of theoretical relations.
 Results: The study found that a two-layer stator winding connection scheme is more preferable
 Conclusion: A system with a single-layer stator winding connection circuit is characterized by loading excitation solenoids with harmful forces, the inefficiency of their protection from the higher harmonics of the stator winding by choosing the geometry of its coil and solenoid, and the formation of additional colliding force during lateral displacement of the underframe. All these unadvisable effects are absent in a two-layer scheme.

Convolutional Neural Network-Based Stator Current Data-Driven Incipient Stator Fault Diagnosis of Inverter-Fed Induction Motor

In this paper, the idea of using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the detection and classification of induction motor stator winding faults is presented. The diagnosis inference of the stator inter-turn short-circuits is based on raw stator current data. It offers the possibility of using the diagnostic signal direct processing, which could replace well known analytical methods. Tests were carried out for various levels of stator failures. In order to assess the sensitivity of the applied CNN-based detector to motor operating conditions, the tests were carried out for variable load torques and for different values of supply voltage frequency. Experimental tests were conducted on a specially designed setup with the 3 kW induction motor of special construction, which allowed for the physical modelling of inter-turn short-circuits in each of the three phases of the machine. The on-line tests prove the possibility of using CNN in the real-time diagnostic system with the high accuracy of incipient stator winding fault detection and classification. The impact of the developed CNN structure and training method parameters on the fault diagnosis accuracy has also been tested.

Integrated Battery Charger for EV by Using Three-Phase Induction Motor Stator Windings as Filter

This article presents an on-board charger for the electric vehicles (EVs) by integrating the drive-train components into the charging process. The stator windings of three-phase induction motor (IM) can be used as a grid interfacing inductor with the constraint that the rotor should be in the stationary position during the charging mode. This article proposes the stator winding configurations of three-phase IM split into two equal parts at zero electrical degree for the on-board integrated battery charger. The effective filtering with these two three-phase windings combination, either in series or parallel while the rotor is in a stationary position, is analyzed. The equivalent inductance provided by the stator windings for filtering is increased by generating the pulsating magnetic field (PMF) in the motor. However, it results in the unbalanced impedances in filter causing odd harmonics in the grid current. This is resolved by using a modified double synchronous reference frame control algorithm, which maintains the balanced current operation with the unity power factor at the grid interface during the charging mode. This configuration is obtained by using the existing three-phase-based drive-train components, thereby providing the saving in space and reducing the weight of EV. Experimental results for the proposed winding configurations are presented with filter losses and system efficiency.

Transient envelope current analysis for inter-turn short-circuit detection in induction motor stator

Electrical machines are subject to faults which, depending on the type and importance of the plant, can cause material, economic and social damage. The reliability required for electric motors constantly grows due to the importance of their applications and technological advancement. One of these possible faults is an inter-turn short circuit of the stator winding. This is a very severe failure because its evolution to a worst fault is very fast. Thus, the initial detection of the inter-turn short circuit is of fundamental importance to avoid further damage to the motor. Steady-state analysis is not adequate when applied in some cases, such as unloaded machines, loads with oscillating torque and power with voltage fluctuations. The present work brings a new study of the transient current to analyze the beginning of inter-turn short circuits in the induction motor stator windings. The proposed methodology extracts the second component from the transient envelope of the motor starting current signals by principal component analysis. These components reflect the asymmetry caused by the initial short circuit and carry the desired fault information. By variance analysis it becomes possible to monitor the evolution of a short-circuit fault. Numerical and experimental signals are provided to validate the effectiveness of the novel technique.