Motor Repair Research Articles

Factors influencing brain recovery from stroke via possible epigenetic changes.

Aim: To examine epigenetic changes leading to functional repair after damage to the central motor system.Data sources: A literature search was conducted using medical and health science electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus) up to July 2023.Study selection: Data were summarized for type of intervention, study design, findings including human and animal studies.Data extraction: Data were extracted and double-checked independently for methodological quality. By means of the influence of environmental (calorie restriction or physical exercise) and other factors, epigenetic instructions were found to increase levels of BDNF and enhance synaptic neurotransmission, possibly leading to larger scale changes in structural and functional assets, which may end up to cognitive and motor repair after stroke.

Modeling stock, material and environmental impacts of circular economy product policies. Trade-offs between early replacement and repair of electric motors

New modeling challenges are accompanying the shift in EU product policy toward an increased focus on circular economy aspects. Combined material flow analysis and life cycle assessment can play an important role in assessing the impact of such policies. A flexible model has been developed that is suitable for the ex-ante impact assessment of the material flows and environmental impacts of a range of circular economy product policies, extending an established approach. The model uses a layered approach, in which material and environmental impacts are derived from product flows via a product database that defines physical properties for product variants. Combined with a stock model, the impact of policy interventions on the whole market can be assessed over time and per life cycle stage. We apply this model in a theoretical case study on electric motors, which compares early replacement of inefficient motors and motor repair with a base case.

Role of Facial Nerve Reconstruction With Anastomosis and Polyglycolic Acid Tube in Accelerating Functional Recovery After Axotomy in the Rat Facial Nucleus.

Facial nerve injuries stem from trauma or tumor surgery, triggering neurodegeneration and neuronal cell death in the facial nucleus, consequently inducing irreversible nerve paralysis. Following facial nerve transection, glial cells are activated and undergo proliferation, facilitating motor neuron survival, repair, and regeneration. Clinical approaches, including nerve anastomosis and hypoglossal nerve grafting, require delicate microscopic techniques. Recent advancements involve nerve reconstruction using polyglycolic acid (PGA) tubes, which yield nerve function improvement. However, the central pathophysiological effects of these procedures remain unclear. Therefore, using PGA tubes, we evaluated neurodegeneration and microglial inflammatory response in rats after facial nerve transection. Facial nerve functions were evaluated using vibrissae and blink reflex scores. In the end-to-end anastomosis and PGA tube reconstruction groups, a partial improvement in facial motor function was observed, with increased nerve fiber survival in the former. Approximately 90% of neurons survived in both groups, wherein gliosis exhibited increased microglial activation compared to that in the transection group. These results indicate that PGA tube-assisted nerve reconstruction post-facial nerve transection, although inferior to end-to-end anastomosis, improved certain functions and prevented neuronal cell death. Furthermore, the prolonged inflammatory response in the facial nerve nucleus underscored the correlation between neuronal function and survival and microglia.

The effect of reward on motor learning: different stage, different effect.

Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance motor motivation and improve function. Numerous studies have examined the effects and attempted to explore potential mechanisms in various motor paradigms, yet they have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results and conclusions. A comprehensive review is necessary to summarize studies on the effects of rewards on motor learning and to deduce a central pattern from these existing studies. Therefore, in this review, we initially outline a framework of motor learning considering two major types, two major components, and three stages. Subsequently, we summarize the effects of rewards on different stages of motor learning within the mentioned framework and analyze the underlying mechanisms at the level of behavior or neural circuit. Reward accelerates learning speed and enhances the extent of learning during the acquisition and consolidation stages, possibly by regulating the balance between the direct and indirect pathways (activating more D1-MSN than D2-MSN) of the ventral striatum and by increasing motor dynamics and kinematics. However, the effect varies depending on several experimental conditions. During the retention stage, there is a consensus that reward enhances both short-term and long-term memory retention in both types of motor learning, attributed to the LTP learning mechanism mediated by the VTA-M1 dopaminergic projection. Reward is a promising enhancer to bolster waning confidence and motivation, thereby increasing the efficiency of motor learning and rehabilitation. Further exploration of the circuit and functional connections between reward and the motor loop may provide a novel target for neural modulation to promote motor behavior.

Embryonic stem cells overexpressing high molecular weight FGF2 isoform enhance recovery of pre-ganglionic spinal root lesion in combination with fibrin biopolymer mediated root repair

BackgroundSpinal ventral root avulsion results in massive motoneuron degeneration with poor prognosis and high costs. In this study, we compared different isoforms of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), overexpressed in stably transfected Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), following motor root avulsion and repair with a heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB).MethodsIn the present work, hESCs bioengineered to overexpress 18, 23, and 31 kD isoforms of FGF2, were used in combination with reimplantation of the avulsed roots using HFB. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad Prism software with one-way or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests. Significance was set at *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001.ResultsFor the first set of experiments, rats underwent avulsion of the ventral roots with local administration of HFB and engraftment of hESCs expressing the above-mentioned FGF2 isoforms. Analysis of motoneuron survival, glial reaction, and synaptic coverage, two weeks after the lesion, indicated that therapy with hESCs overexpressing 31 kD FGF2 was the most effective. Consequently, the second set of experiments was performed with that isoform, so that ventral root avulsion was followed by direct spinal cord reimplantation. Motoneuron survival, glial reaction, synaptic coverage, and gene expression were analyzed 2 weeks post-lesion; while the functional recovery was evaluated by the walking track test and von Frey test for 12 weeks. We showed that engraftment of hESCs led to significant neuroprotection, coupled with immunomodulation, attenuation of astrogliosis, and preservation of inputs to the rescued motoneurons. Behaviorally, the 31 kD FGF2 - hESC therapy enhanced both motor and sensory recovery.ConclusionTransgenic hESCs were an effective delivery platform for neurotrophic factors, rescuing axotomized motoneurons and modulating glial response after proximal spinal cord root injury, while the 31 kD isoform of FGF2 showed superior regenerative properties over other isoforms in addition to the significant functional recovery.

The influence of service quality on customer satisfaction

This research aims to find out how much influence service quality has on customer satisfaction at the Dimas Jaya Motor (DJM) Workshop in Bandung City. Researchers are interested in researching the effect of service on customer satisfaction because they see the increasing number of customers at the Dimas Jaya Motor repair shop, so this cannot be separated from the service provided by the repair shop. This research uses quantitative methods, the data needed in this research is customer satisfaction data obtained using a questionnaire and tested using SPSS 26. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, there is an influence between service quality on customer satisfaction at the Dimas Jaya Motor (DJM) workshop. which is shown through the regression equation Y = 11.648 + 0.686 The correlation coefficient value between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction is 0.677, meaning that the relationship between Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction is in the strong category. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0.458 or equal to 45.8%. This figure means that the Service Quality variable (X) simultaneously influences the Customer Satisfaction variable (Y) by 45.8%. Meanwhile, the remainder (100% - 45.8% = 54.2%) is influenced by other variables outside this regression equation or variables that were not studied. The total number of respondents was 112 customers.

Four-Dimensional ACC Analysis

The article discusses the issues of planning and resource management in the process of testing software systems. The paper presents the ACC analysis method used at Google to optimize the distribution of efforts for testing different parts of the system. Extending the method by adding a fourth characteristic - actors (roles of system users) – allows for a more flexible assessment of action requirements and user skill levels. Illustrative examples of system attributes and components help understand the principles of the method. The work proposes a new approach to risk management and process improvement in testing software systems in a multidimensional space. The effectiveness of applying the enhanced ACC analysis method using a risk-oriented approach was demonstrated using the example of a control system for technological operations in the repair of electric motors, for which attributes, components, actors were identified, opportunities at their intersection were analyzed, and testing was conducted, which helped improve the system's quality.

Выбор задаваемых параметров для оценки соответствия восстановленных погружных электродвигателей требованиям на капитальный ремонт

The main characteristic of the performance of submersible electric motors after overhauls is their reliability. To assess the compliance of reliability indicators of restored submersible electric motors with technical requirements for overhauls, various types of tests are used. The most acceptable of them is the bench test method based on a sequential failure analysis of the studied electric motors. To implement it, the specified parameters should be set. In this study, based on the use of technical requirements for the manufacture and repair of submersible electric motors, the authors determined the specified average operating times for failure of new electric motors (before the first overhaul) and after it. Bench tests were carried out for two batches of submersible electric motors: overhauled and non-overhauled. In each batch, 20 electric motors were studied. The experiment determined the standard deviation of the mean time between failures (MTBF) of new electric motors, which amounted to 3.54 thousand hours, after the overhaul - 2.37 thousand hours. The coefficients of variation were 0.3 and 0.34, respectively. The study results determined the values of the set parameters of the mathematical model, enabling the use of the method of successive failure analysis. The values included the set average MTBF before the first overhaul - 16 thousand hours; the set average MTBF after the overhaul - 12.8 thousand hours; the risks of the repair provider and the customer - 0.05; the set mean square deviation of the MTBF of electric motors before the first overhaul - 4.8 thousand hours; the set mean square deviation of the MTBF after the first overhaul - 4.8 thousand hours; the set mean square deviation of the MTBF after the overhaul - 2.37 thousand hours.

Key sector analysis by IO networks: Evidence from Turkey

In this study, the key sectors of Turkey are determined using Input- Output (IO) network analysis. Different centrality measures are analyzed and compared. Accordingly, eigenvector, page rank, hub, and authority centralities are calculated. The effects of an economic shock are also analyzed using random walk centrality and counting betweenness. Findings indicate that the key sectors are ?Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles?, ?Transport, Storage and Communications?, ?Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry?, ?Construction?, ?Real Estate Activities?, and ?Textiles, Textile Products, Leather and Footwear?. Furthermore, the same sectors are determined to be vulnerable to economic shocks.

Google Earth Augments Viewing the Spectacle of Ruin in Selected ‘In-Between Places’ of Old Industrial Johannesburg

South Africa is said to have the worst social inequality in the world, and examples of this inequality can be seen in the shack settlements, backyard shacks and hijacked properties in many parts of the city of Johannesburg. These unsafe and neglected ‘interstitial places’ are where the poor live in inadequate housing, squeezed between factory buildings, railway lines and motorways in the city. One of the challenges of capturing visual information about these settlements in these difficult settings is getting access to the areas where photographs can be taken. In Johannesburg, many areas are no longer safe for outsiders to visit. These unsafe, informal and often well-hidden areas can be considered ‘interstitial’ in relation to other areas where middle-income earners live in decent houses in pleasant suburbs with amenities. It is these ‘unsafe’ areas that the author wished to explore as a source of images and impressions for creative works.&#x0D; This study takes an autoethnographic approach to exploring three neglected suburbs of Johannesburg, South Africa (Cleveland, Denver and Jeppestown), which all date from soon after the first discovery of gold in 1886. Through this work, the author hoped to make sense of observed changes within the city and the proliferation of informal, survivalist settlements seemingly arising without town planning interventions. Many open areas and dilapidated buildings are now occupied by low-income earners, perhaps because city governance has been overwhelmed by the thousands of work-seeking migrants arriving in the city on an ongoing basis.&#x0D; To explore the many visual indicators of poverty in these selected areas of Johannesburg, the author used Google Earth remote sensing images and Google Earth Street View to augment site visits. Google Earth is a valuable research tool, as one can quickly explore marginal areas that are not safe for outsiders to visit. One can also view activities that are not visible from the street – for example, illegal motor repair operations occurring behind high walls. Ethical issuesabound in these acts of anonymous looking at the poor and destitute and finding the picturesque in neglected buildings, dismal living conditions and slums, as well as the privacy and surveillance issues relating to those being observed. This essay will dwell on some of the benefits of the Google Earth virtual globe software, as well as the ethical discomfort that can result when observing people, poverty and informal living places – whether using remote sensing methods and driving around these areas with a camera, or using the images and perceptions gained for personal use as a source of inspiration for art making and fiction writing.

Pengembangan Modul Service Advisor Talk Menggunakan Framework ERP Odoo 10 Pada PT. Tunas Dwipa Matra

PT. Tunas Dwipa Matra is the main dealer of HONDA motorcycles in Lampung which is engaged in the development of a network of sales, maintenance, repair and service of spare parts for HONDA motorcycles. A service advisor is someone who helps customers at a dealership to understand vehicle maintenance or repair options, answering customer questions before being scheduled with a technician. This study aims to help a service advisor to be able to access materials regarding understanding motor maintenance and repair as well as other program information. The method used in this study is an agile method with a scrum framework. Based on the research conducted, a service advisor talk menu is produced that can be used for workshop employees, especially a service advisor. Tests carried out in the study were Alpha Test, Beta Test, and Functional Test. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that the service advisor talk module can make it easier for a service advisor to get material and program information related to technical work.

Modified Efficiency Estimation Tool for Three-Phase Induction Motors

This article presents a modified version of novel algorithms the authors previously proposed to help North America electric motor service centers to evaluate their repaired, rewound, or any existing motors for efficiency. Due to the dependency of the algorithms on a large 60 Hz induction motor database to produce reliable and accurate results, a software was needed and developed to incorporate both the algorithms and the data to create a useful single affordable tool for the North America electric motor repair industry. To eliminate the need for the software, and allow an open-source implementation, the direct dependency of the efficiency algorithms on the motor test data are eliminated in this paper. This allows the two techniques presented here to be used directly by engineers in the motor repair industry in North America. To achieve this goal, modifications to the two original algorithms are required and proposed in this paper. The modifications include the implementation of a new stray-load loss formula and the IEEE Std 112 hot temperature formula. The modified algorithms are validated by testing 28 new and aged, small- and medium-sized induction motors in the range of 1-500 hp. The modified techniques demonstrate a high level of accuracy.

Implementation of Work Motivation in Improving Employee Performance at RCM Motor Workshops

RCM motor repair company is one of the companies engaged in the service sector. This business activity depends on human resources, with quality human resources of course being the mainstay in the RCM motorbike repair shop, therefore the company will be able to achieve its target goals quickly and precisely. This study aims to test and find out: The effectiveness of work motivation in improving employee performance at the RCM Motor Workshop. In their activities, employees always prioritize maximum results so as to create customer satisfaction. The leader also always advises and directs all employees to always make their work a comfortable place. Based on the goals to be achieved, humans are motivated by the needs they have and that can be their motivation to produce creativity and employee abilities that can grow from the will and motivation that employees aim for. The results of the study show that work motivation has high willpower so as to create increased employee performance, it also makes employees have good performance.

Altered static and dynamic spontaneous neural activity in patients with ischemic pontine stroke.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the abnormality both of static spontaneous brain activity and dynamic temporal variances following a pontine infarction. Forty-six patients with chronic left pontine infarction (LPI), thirty-two patients with chronic right pontine infarction (RPI), and fifty healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the study. The static amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (sALFF), static regional homogeneity (sReHo), dynamic ALFF (dALFF), and dynamic ReHo (dReHo) were employed to detect the alterations in brain activity induced by an infarction. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Flanker task were used to evaluate the verbal memory and visual attention function, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to reveal the potential capacity of these metrics to distinguish the patients from HCs. There were significant variations of these static and dynamic metrics in patients with chronic pontine infarction. The altered regions involved the supratentorial regions, including cortex and subcortical. Moreover, the altered metrics were significantly correlated with verbal memory and visual attention. In addition, these static and dynamic metrics also showed potential in distinguishing stroke patients with behavior deficits from HCs. The pontine infarction-induced cerebral activation changes are observed in both motor and cognitive systems, indicating the functional damage and reorganization across the global cerebral level in these patients with subtentorial infarction, and there is a reciprocal effect between motor and cognitive impairment and repair.

USP1/UAF1-Stabilized METTL3 Promotes Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury through m6A Modification of YAP1 mRNA.

RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in diverse biological processes. However, its role in spinal cord injury (SCI) is poorly understood. The m6A level increases in injured spinal cord, and METTL3, which is the core subunit of methyltransferase complex, is upregulated in reactive astrocytes and further stabilized by the USP1/UAF1 complex after SCI. The USP1/UAF1 complex specifically binds to and subsequently removes K48-linked ubiquitination of the METTL3 protein to maintain its stability after SCI. Moreover, conditional knockout of astrocytic METTL3 in both sexes of mice significantly suppressed reactive astrogliosis after SCI, thus resulting in widespread infiltration of inflammatory cells, aggravated neuronal loss, hampered axonal regeneration, and impaired functional recovery. Mechanistically, the YAP1 transcript was identified as a potential target of METTL3 in astrocytes. METTL3 could selectively methylate the 3'-UTR region of the YAP1 transcript, which subsequently maintains its stability in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner. In vivo, YAP1 overexpression by adeno-associated virus injection remarkably contributed to reactive astrogliosis and partly reversed the detrimental effects of METTL3 knockout on functional recovery after SCI. Furthermore, we found that the methyltransferase activity of METTL3 plays an essential role in reactive astrogliosis and motor repair, whereas METTL3 mutant without methyltransferase function failed to promote functional recovery after SCI. Our study reveals the previously unreported role of METTL3-mediated m6A modification in SCI and might provide a potential therapy for SCI.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Spinal cord injury is a devastating trauma of the CNS involving motor and sensory impairments. However, epigenetic modification in spinal cord injury is still unclear. Here, we propose an m6A regulation effect of astrocytic METTL3 following spinal cord injury, and we further characterize its underlying mechanism, which might provide promising strategies for spinal cord injury treatment.

Improving the efficiency and quality of the technological process of repairing traction motors by reducing production defects

Reliability and efficiency of the use of traction rolling stock are the determining parameters for the technical and economic development of railway transport. About 20% of the total costs of the railway industry are for maintenance and repair, since the technical condition of each unit of rolling stock is a fundamental element of traffic safety. According to research, more than 60% of malfunctions of technical facilities during operation are in direct correlation with locomotive failures that occurred due to poor quality of maintenance and repair. Aim: Consideration of the main problems related to the quality of factory repairs of traction collector electric motors, as well as the development of measures aimed at improving the quality of technological repair processes. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted through causal analysis and the theory of operations research. Results: The analysis of the work of each stage of repair of traction motors is carried out. Measures aimed at improving the quality of the technological process of repair have been developed. Conclusion: The main problems of poor quality of factory repair of collector traction motors are highlighted. The measures aimed at eliminating the listed negative factors and improving the quality of factory repairs are proposed.

Edge Solution for Real-Time Motor Fault Diagnosis Based on Efficient Convolutional Neural Network

Real-time motor fault diagnosis can detect motor faults on time and prompt the repair or replacement of faulty motors which minimizes the potential losses caused by motor faults. Deep learning (DL) methods have been intensively applied in motor fault diagnosis. Most DL algorithms need to be trained with sufficient computation resources on cloud or local servers. However, uploading the raw data and downloading the command instructions to the edge will cause inevitable time delays and security concerns. This paper develops a DL algorithm based on efficient convolutional neural networks (ECNN) that can be deployed on an edge computing node for real-time motor fault diagnosis and dynamic control. The effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness of the ECNN model have been validated by experiments, and the results indicate that the ECNN model can achieve 100 % accuracy in recognition of 10 types of motor conditions, with the inference time and memory usage less than 14 ms and 44 KiB, respectively. The comparison results demonstrate that the ECNN model yields higher accuracy than the classical shallow neural networks, and it also presents the advantages of smaller model volume, lower prediction time, and higher accuracy as compared with the DL models. The proposed method shows significant potential for practical application in real-time motor fault detection and control.

Choosing a strategy for technical operation of electrical equipment

Electric motors are rechargeable products. The important point in the system of maintenance and repair of electric motors is the choice of optimal maintenance strategy. At present the most widespread is the planned preventive maintenance strategy. However, condition based maintenance is gaining in importance. In this paper, the choice of the most optimal maintenance strategy out of the above-mentioned strategies is considered. For this purpose, expressions have been developed to determine the total costs associated with these maintenance strategies for electric motors. Based on these expressions, a relationship was proposed to establish the optimal maintenance strategy. For the convenience of selection, a monogram was developed to reduce the time for selecting the optimum motor maintenance strategy.

End-Ring Wear in Deep-Well Submersible Motor Pumps

Wear of end ring is to date an unreported and uninvestigated failure that very frequently takes place in deep-well submersible motor pumps. This article first analyses the particularities of these induction motors, especially their unusual rotor manufacturing process. Failure mechanism related to the end-ring wear is described, showing several examples of damaged rotors in a motor repair shop. Then, the difficulties of its diagnosis through conventional rotor asymmetry indicators are described, caused by the subtlety of this fault and the very easy appearance of false negatives. The end-ring wear detection through a multicomponent approach is researched through simulation, laboratory results, and the diagnosis of two-field motors showing that new fault alarm levels need to be defined. To perform this last step and for the first time in the technical literature, two induction motors working in a deep borehole have been continuously monitored (one measure every six operating hours) for almost one year.

Comparative Study of Fat and Oil Contaminants in the localities of the Grijalva river basin in the years 2019 and 2020 in Surface Waters of Frontera, Centla, Tabasco

At a global level, rivers serve as receptors for large amounts of waste generated by human activities such as agriculture, industrial activity and domestic activities, on the other hand, they are an important source of water supply for both agricultural, industrial and domestic. Therefore, in recent years, receptors have been affected by pollutants, in the case of Contamination by fats and oils is a problem caused by activities such as: the existence of outboard motor repair shops, boat landings, discharges of water from houses-rooms, gas stations, public markets, yards, among others. The effects of these pollutants affect the public health of the population living outside the Grijalva basin, with the respiratory and skin conditions when in direct contact with these chemicals, even causing various types of cancer. For all of the above, the development of this research project was motivated, which will allow knowing the levels of contamination of fats and oils in the years 2019 and 2020 in the study area, being Arroyo Polo 1st and 3rd sections of Frontera, Centla, Tabasco, based on the comparison of the maximum permissible limits (LMP) of the NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996. To evaluate the behavior and projection of the data, the Minitab version 18 software was used, where the analyzed data of the years 2019 and 2020 were taken to be able to indicate if there is a significant increase in later years. A trend towards an increase in contaminating fats and oils was observed. In the first sampling, the average concentrations of fats and oil were 5.23 mg/L. In the second sampling, the concentration of fats and oils was the lowest of 5.02 mg/L and the highest concentration was 6.23 mg/L. of the third and fifth sampling point, it is observed in both cases that there is a tendency towards an increase in contaminants. At the fourth sampling point, It is observed that there is a tendency towards the decrease of this contaminant. In both samples, the concentrations of fats and oils are below what is established by NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, since said norm establishes the maximum permissible limit of 25 mg/L per month.