Comparative Study of Fat and Oil Contaminants in the localities of the Grijalva river basin in the years 2019 and 2020 in Surface Waters of Frontera, Centla, Tabasco

Abstract

At a global level, rivers serve as receptors for large amounts of waste generated by human activities such as agriculture, industrial activity and domestic activities, on the other hand, they are an important source of water supply for both agricultural, industrial and domestic. Therefore, in recent years, receptors have been affected by pollutants, in the case of Contamination by fats and oils is a problem caused by activities such as: the existence of outboard motor repair shops, boat landings, discharges of water from houses-rooms, gas stations, public markets, yards, among others. The effects of these pollutants affect the public health of the population living outside the Grijalva basin, with the respiratory and skin conditions when in direct contact with these chemicals, even causing various types of cancer. For all of the above, the development of this research project was motivated, which will allow knowing the levels of contamination of fats and oils in the years 2019 and 2020 in the study area, being Arroyo Polo 1st and 3rd sections of Frontera, Centla, Tabasco, based on the comparison of the maximum permissible limits (LMP) of the NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996. To evaluate the behavior and projection of the data, the Minitab version 18 software was used, where the analyzed data of the years 2019 and 2020 were taken to be able to indicate if there is a significant increase in later years. A trend towards an increase in contaminating fats and oils was observed. In the first sampling, the average concentrations of fats and oil were 5.23 mg/L. In the second sampling, the concentration of fats and oils was the lowest of 5.02 mg/L and the highest concentration was 6.23 mg/L. of the third and fifth sampling point, it is observed in both cases that there is a tendency towards an increase in contaminants. At the fourth sampling point, It is observed that there is a tendency towards the decrease of this contaminant. In both samples, the concentrations of fats and oils are below what is established by NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996, since said norm establishes the maximum permissible limit of 25 mg/L per month.