Motor Input Voltage Research Articles

PENGARUH ARUS EKSITASI TERHADAP ARUS STATOR MOTOR SINKRON 3 FASA DENGAN VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT

The three-phase current value of a synchronous motor has a great impact on its long-term reliability and performance under load. Therefore, maintenance and monitoring must be performed to determine the performance of synchronous motors. A virtual instrument and its LabView software can be used as a method to determine the operating current value of a synchronous motor. The device used in the study contains a synchronous motor as a load, and his LabView-equipped controller is used to execute commands during synchronous motor testing. NI MyDAQ is used as an input to the controller prior to using LabView, so it can be customized for use as an input to motors and controllers. Power is supplied by adjusting the motor input voltage to 380 volts and the controller input voltage to 220 volts. The purpose of the research is to develop tools and simulation software for synchronous motors that use voltage regulators to react to variations and determine minimum and maximum voltage values to determine motor performance. As a result of examination, the motor output reached a maximum current value of 0.4A at idle and a maximum controller current value.

Optimal Design of an Inverter-Fed PMSM for a Brake System Considering Variation in Motor Control Parameters and Input Voltage

This study proposes an optimal design approach for an inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) considering the variation in motor control parameters and input voltage (inverter output voltage), which vary with respect to the temperature and loading conditions, in an integrated brake system. In an integrated brake system, a quick response to load changes is crucial. Therefore, in this study, to consider the fluctuation in control variables and input voltage, the motor control parameters and input voltage were first calculated according to the operating temperature and loading condition. Subsequently, based on the calculated conditions and the approximated motor input voltage and control parameters, the objective functions corresponding to motor characteristics in transient and steady states were formulated using design-of-experiment (DOE), the moving least square method (MLSM), and the finite element method (FEM). Finally, the optimal design was performed using the genetic algorithm (GA). The validity of the proposed optimal design approach was verified by comparing its optimization results with the FEM analysis results. Thus, it was confirmed that a motor can be designed for an integrated brake system by considering the motor control parameters and motor input voltage, which vary with the driving conditions.

Dynamics analysis and control of a pendulum driven by a DC motor via a slider-crank mechanism

In the present work, we deal with a dynamical analysis and passive control of chaos with magnetic rheological (MR) rotational damper in a pendulum driven by a DC motor via slider mechanism. A mathematical model for electromechanical system composed of a pendulum driven horizontally by through a DC motor and a slider-crank mechanism is presented and the parameters are estimated based on experimental data. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate that for certain values of the motor input voltage they can lead the system to chaotic behavior. For dynamic analysis, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré sections, phase diagrams and 0–1 test are considered. In order to suppress the chaotic behavior, it is proposed to include MR rotational damper, as a passive control. In the case of the passive rotational MR damper, the influence of the introduction of the MR damper in a pendulum is performed considering the bifurcation diagrams. The numerical results show that the introduction of a passive rotational MR damper suppresses the chaotic behavior of the system. Additionally it is shown that it is possible to keep the pendulum oscillating with periodic behavior using the rotational MR damper with energizing discontinuity.

백래시비율과 모터입력전압을 고려한 3단 감속 서보시스템의 주파수 분석

This paper proposed the simulation model of the servo system with three-stage reducer and presented the result of frequency analysis of the servo system considering backlash ratios and motor input voltage. By virtue of this work, we realized that if the motor input voltage of the system was large, the influence of each stage backlash ratio could be minimized or removed. Besides, we also found that if the motor input voltage was small, this created an optimal backlash ratio combination which could maximize the anti-resonance and resonance frequency of the servo system. This paper could be useful for determining each stage backlash ratio in designing a three-stage geared servo system with fast response.

Simplified approach for simulating hermetic compressor startup regime

It is presented a hermetic compressor startup simulation procedure considering a simplified approach to obtain the transient data of different compressor parameters. The main numerical technique is a four order Runge-Kutta procedure to numerically integrate the systems of ordinary differential equations, which describe the variables’ variation with time in each part of the compressor. The simulations were performed in the Windali software. The results show how the oil viscosity influences the electrical motor torque, the compressor load and crankshaft angular velocity with time for two electric motor input voltage values. The increase of oil viscosity by a factor of 2, retards the compressor startup for more than one second. The presented simple model could be valuable for studying the geometrical and operational influence on compressor startup.

Real time exploited BLDC motor drive BLDC motor drive in lab view virtual instrumentation environment

Abstract The brushless dc motor motors (BLDCMs) have an exceptional increasing demand in low powered electrical vehicle and commercial applications as their speed-torque performance, size and cost matters quite improvise than other motors. However the control of BLDCM motor is quiet complex and fitting of it into the application is very specific and challenging. The multi-motoring interface and control system and on-line turning are other challenges in the multi-motor drives as many control parameters are involved. In industrial applications, the demand of single-phase BLDCM multi-motoring real time control is expected technology in industry 4.0 based new era. The data acquisition card (DAQ), control and measurements are the ideal requirements of the real time multi-motor controls. The Lab View based centralized DAQ speed control is a possible solution for multi motor drive. With this interest, this paper deals about the real time single-phase BLDCM control by the use of Lab View DAQ NI USB 6008. In this paper the BLDCM control is created in the LABVIEW simulation with the option of varying the DC motor input voltage controlled by means of a virtual knob in lab view software. Output of DAQ has voltage varying reference which the voltage is giving the control reference voltage to the BLDCM to match the speed requirement. The current measurement of the proposed motor control has done with dedicated current shunt which accurate measures the current rating and given to DAQ. The different operating conditions of the motor performance is simulated in real time and verified with motor drive outputs. The proposed Lab VIEW based low power BLDCM control can be extended for multi-BLDCM drive system which offers the flexibility of integration of data acquisition.

Design, simulation and practical experimentation of miniaturized turbine flow sensor for flow meter assessment

Flow sensors are very essential in many aspects of our daily lives. Many of the industrial processes need a very consistent flow sensor to monitor and check for irregularities in their system. Therefore, flow sensor is an important tool for advanced operation in industrial environment. In this paper, the design and development of a 3D fabricated flow sensor was carried out using SolidWork 3D CAD. SolidWork Flow Simulation was used to model the effect the turbine flow sensor would have on a constant flowing water while MATLAB Simulink flow graph was created to visualize the effect of turbine flow sensor response with voltage input. Afterwards, the design was 3D printed using UP Plus 2 3D printer. The experimentation involved selection of sensors, coding to control the turbine flow sensor and automatic data logging and storage. During the design phase, the sensors and actuators were assembled using locally sourced material. Subsequently, under controlled laboratory environment, the turbine flow sensor was tested using a DC motor which was programmed to control the revolution per minute(rpm) of the turbine flow sensor. The rpm and velocity of the turbine flow meter was measured and stored in a database via Microsoft Excel using Cool Term Software. A total number of 517 readings were analysed to evaluate the performance of the turbine flow sensor. The result shows that the turbine flow meter is responsive to the motor input voltage and yielded accurate measurement of rpm and velocity of turbine flow meter.

A Simple Voltage Modulator Scheme for Torque Ripple Minimization in a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor

This paper presents a simple dc-link voltage modulation scheme to minimize the commutation torque ripple in a permanent magnet brushless dc motor (PMBLdcM). Maintaining a constant current in the noncommutating (NC) phase helps to minimize the torque ripple, which can be achieved by boosting the motor input voltage whenever two phase currents are undergoing commutation. At low speeds, since the required ac voltage at commutation is also less than nominal, the standard pulsewidth modulation operation of the inverter with nominal dc-link voltage suffices. However, at higher speeds, a momentary (only during the commutation interval) boost in the dc-link voltage (above the nominal level) is needed to ensure a boost in motor voltage, and hence, a steady current in the NC phase. In the proposed scheme, the dc voltage boost at higher speeds is obtained by connecting two capacitors in series, which are normally connected in parallel, across the dc-link. The proposed scheme is verified for a 1-hp PMBLdcM drive through simulations and experiments in the laboratory. Results exhibit a notable improvement in reducing the torque ripple.

Nested adaptive super-twisting sliding mode control design for a vehicle steer-by-wire system

Abstract This paper presents a nested adaptive super-twisting sliding mode (NASTSM) control scheme for a vehicle Steer-by-Wire (SbW) system. Firstly, the plant model of the SbW system is expressed as a second-order differential equation from the steering motor input voltage to the front wheel steering angle. Specifically, the model of the self-aligning torque is elaborated in detail and compared with a simplified one. Next, an NASTSM controller is designed for the SbW system, which adopts a nested adaptive law to promote tracking accuracy by dealing with complex time-varying external disturbances and a super-twisting sliding mode (STSM) control component to guarantee strong robustness while alleviating chattering phenomenon. The stability of the NASTSM control system is verified in the sense of Lyapunov. Finally, experiments are carried out under various conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed NASTSM controller owns superiority in terms of not only higher tracking precision and stronger robustness, but also less dependence on the information of plant models compared with a conventional adaptive sliding mode (CASM) controller.

Continuous Estimation of Speed and Torque of Induction Motors Using the Unscented Kalman Filter under Voltage Sag

Due to sensor limitations in some applications, induction motors state estimators are widely used in industries. One of the most powerful tools available for estimation is the Kalman filter. In this paper, unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the speed and torque of an induction motor. In the UKF algorithm, three types of unscented transformation (UT): basic, general and spherical types are presented and compared. It will be shown that the spherical UKF presents good estimation performance. Speed and torque Estimation approach is applied at both steady state conditions and at the time of sudden and rapid change in the motor input voltage. It will be shown that, EKF cannot trace the motor speed at the time of a large disturbance. Finally, experimental validation is presented to show the effectiveness of UKF for continuous estimation of torque and speed of induction motors.

Study on the optimization of linear induction motor traction system for fast-speed maglev train

Background: The short stator linear induction motor (LIM) is normally used in medium-low speed maglev train.
 The restriction by mounting space on bogie and motor input voltage from the third power supply rail lead that the maximum speed of medium-low speed maglev train can reach no more than 120 km/h.
 Aim: In this paper, by means of the LIM design optimization, improvement of the LIM force characteristic in high speed range, the maximum speed of medium-low speed maglev train can reach 160 km/h.
 Methods: After comparing the LIM theoretical calculation and actual test data, it shows that the new designed LIM is effective.
 Conclusion: Afterwards, by installing the new designed LIMs, the traditional medium-low speed maglev train becomes a fast-speed maglev train, and it has a bright future in transportation applications.

Selective harmonic elimination in direct torque controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor drive

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a new method for selective harmonic elimination in a two-level three-phase inverter-fed direct torque controlled (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive to suppress unwanted resonant frequencies.Design/methodology/approachThe design methodology is based on random space vector pulse-width modulation (RSVPWM) of PMSM drives. MATLAB simulations support the validity of suggested structure.FindingsThe simulation results of the proposed algorithm exhibit the development of a proper gap at the selected frequency in the frequency spectra of the motor input currents and voltages as well as lowering the ripples in the PMSM electromagnetic torque, stator current and flux linkage responses in compared with traditional DTC.Originality/valueThe proposed algorithm is a revised form of the RSVPWM technique used in a closed-loop structure along with a sliding mode speed controller which is capable to deal with nonlinear motor loads in an online manner. This study can be beneficial for the designers of AC motor drive system who attempt to find a modulation method that can create a selective gap in the power spectrum density of the motor input voltages and currents, therefore, promote an acoustically pleasant drive or alleviate unwanted motor vibrations.

모터입력전압 변화에 따른 백래시 비율의 영향 변화

This paper investigated the influence of the backlash ratio on frequency response characteristic in servo systems with twostage gear reducer, according to the change of magnitude of motor input voltage. The backlash ratio is defined as the ratio of the first gear stage backlash magnitude in relation to total backlash magnitude. This paper presents that the maximum anti-resonance and resonance frequency of the system can take place at the maximum backlash ratio if the motor input voltage of the system is large. On the other hand, if the motor input voltage is small, the maximum anti-resonance and resonance frequency of the system will occur at an arbitrary backlash ratio. In order to develop the geared servo system with fast response, it is effective to increase the maximum allowable motor input voltage and to reduce the magnitude of backlash on the second gear reduction stage.

Application of neural models as controllers in mobile robot velocity control loop

Abstract This paper presents the application of an inverse neural models used as controllers in comparison to classical PI controllers for velocity tracking control task used in two-wheel, differentially driven mobile robot. The PI controller synthesis is based on linear approximation of actuators with equivalent load. In order to obtain relevant datasets for training of feed-forward multi-layer perceptron based neural network used as neural model, the mathematical model of mobile robot, that combines its kinematic and dynamic properties such as chassis dimensions, center of gravity offset, friction and actuator parameters is used. Neural models are trained off-line to act as an inverse dynamics of DC motors with particular load using data collected in simulation experiment for motor input voltage step changes within bounded operating area. The performances of PI controllers versus inverse neural models in mobile robot internal velocity control loops are demonstrated and compared in simulation experiment of navigation control task for line segment motion in plane.

백래시 크기 변화 감지를 위한 주파수응답특성의 활용

This paper presents the influence of backlash can be greatly increased on the frequency response characteristic which is presented as the angular velocity of a motor to the motor input voltage, if the motor input voltage is adequately reduced. And, this paper verifies theoretically, analytically and experimentally the availability on the method of detecting the change of backlash magnitude by investigating on the change of the anti-resonance and resonance frequencies in the frequency response characteristic due to the change of backlash magnitude. The amount of change of anti-resonance frequency is more useful that of resonance frequency when detecting the change of backlash magnitude, because the change of anti-resonance frequency can be measured more stable. This paper also shows the sharp change of resonance frequency can be investigated when the motor input voltage is enough reduced. The work will be useful for the further research on the backlash estimation method of a servo system with a gear reducer.

Robust Control of a Vehicle Steer-by-Wire System Using Adaptive Sliding Mode

This paper presents an adaptive sliding-mode (ASM) control methodology for a vehicle steer-by-wire (SbW) system. First, the SbW system is modeled as a second-order system from the steering motor input voltage to the front-wheel steering angle. For simplicity, the self-aligning torque and friction arising from the tire-to-ground contact are regarded as external disturbance acting on the SbW system. Next, an ASM controller is designed for the SbW system, which can not only cope with the parametric uncertainties in the plant model but also estimate the coefficient of the self-aligning torque effectively. The stability of the ASM control system is proved in the sense of Lyapunov and the guidelines for selecting the control parameters are given. Finally, experiments are carried out for steering control to respectively follow a slalom path and a circular path under various road conditions. It is shown that the proposed ASM controller can achieve stronger robustness against various road conditions leading to significantly smaller tracking errors in comparison with a conventional sliding-mode controller and a linear H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∞</sub> controller.

A DC Signal Injection-Based Thermal Protection Scheme for Soft-Starter-Connected Induction Motors

This paper proposes a remote and sensorless thermal protection scheme for soft-starter-connected induction motors. A dc signal injection-based method is used to estimate the stator winding resistance and, thus, the stator winding temperature. Based on continuous monitoring of the stator winding temperature, a thermal condition monitoring and protection scheme is proposed using only the motor's input voltages, currents, motor nameplate information, and the ambient temperature. An adaptive Kalman filter is designed to reduce the stator winding temperature estimation error. In addition, the influence of the cable resistance was investigated, and a compensation method is suggested to improve the accuracy of the estimated temperature. The requirements of the data acquisition system, such as sampling frequency and analog-to-digital conversion resolution, and their affects on the accuracy of the estimated temperature are also discussed in detail. The proposed thermal monitoring scheme has been validated from the experimental results of a 7.5-hp TEFC induction motor under various load conditions. The importance of this new thermal monitoring scheme lies in its remote and sensorless nature.

영구자석 동기전동기 구동 인버터 스위치의 개방 고장에 의한 제어 특성해석 및 고장모델 연구

인버터 스위치의 개방 혹은 인버터와 모터 터미널의 분리로 인해 발생하는 고장을 해석하고 진단 알고리즘의 시험 평가를 위해 효과적으로 사용할 수 있는 영구자석 동기전동기 구동 인버터의 개방 고장에 의한 제어 특성해석 및 고장모델이 제시된다. 기존의 전동기의 해석과 제어에 많이 사용되는 dq 모델은 상전압 모델을 변환한 것으로 고장 상황에서는 3상평형 조건이 성립하지 않기 때문에 개방 회로의 입력 전압을 구하기가 쉽지 않아 고장 모델의 해석을 위해 직접 사용하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해 스위치 개방에 따른 전동기의 선전압 관계를 이용한 인버터의 고장 모델이 제안되고 제안된 고장모델의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 시뮬레이션이 수행된다. 전체 시스템이 DSP TMS320F28335에 의해 구현되어 동일 고장 조건에서의 비교 실험과 특성 해석이 수행된다.

고장진단을 위한 영구자식 동기전동기의 권선 단락에 의한 고장모델 연구 및 특성해석

고정자 권선의 단락으로 인한 고장을 해석하고 진단 알고리즘의 효과적인 시험 평가를 위해 사용될 수 있는 인버터 구동 영구자석 동기전동기의 고장모델이 제시된다. 기존에 전동기의 해석과 제어에 많이 사용되는 dq 모델은 상전압 모델을 변환한 것으로 전동기 고정자의 권선 단락 시에는 더 이상 3상평형 조건이 성립하지 않기 때문에 인버터 극전압으로부터 전동기 입력 전압을 구하기가 쉽지 않아 고장모델의 해석을 위해서 사용하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해 전동기 3상 변수와 선전압 관계식을 이용한 전동기의 고장모델이 제안된다. 제안된 고장모델의 타당성을 입증하기 위해 시뮬레이션이 수행되며 내부 고정자의 권선 단락이 가능하도록 제작된 전동기와 DSP TMS320F28335를 이용한 제어 시스템에 의해 동일 고장 조건에서 비교 실험이 수행된다.

Motor Input Voltage and Rectifier Firing Angle Variation with Load Torque in Constant Current Operated Induction Motors

In current source inverter (CSI) fed induction motors (IM) operated under constant current, the input voltage changes within large limits as the load torque changes. In such an operation the motor mostly operates on the saturated portion of its magnetizing characteristic, and non-linear relation exists between the input voltage and the load torque. Therefore in this paper a numerical technique is presented for obtaining required input voltage corresponding to a given load torque, which can be used for estimating the firing angle of the input rectifier, which in tum can be used for predicting firing angle in terms of load torque. Proposed technique has been demonstrated with an example.