Motor Industry Research Articles

The influence the applied of social restrictions large scale covid-19 the use of the motor vehicle and industry fuel oil consumption and the air quality in the Surabaya City

Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia with cases covid-19 most confirmation details cases 118.753 confirmation, 75.645 cured, treated 37.587 and 5.521 died August 6th 2020, while the provincial government in indonesia east java province is COVID-19 most cases. Any effort have been done to prevent risk transmission of, efforts to the latter is social restrictions large scale. The purpose of this research is to know how much the decrease in the use of the motor vehicle and industry fuel oil consumtion and the increase in the air quality in Surabaya city. This research includes the kind of research survey. Sample and population the research is PT Pertamina Marketing Operation Region V Surabaya Jl. Wonokromo 88 Surabaya and the Environmental office Surabaya city Jl. Jimerto No 25-27 Surabaya. The data in this research was obtained through, interview techniques observation and document study. The research results show that the decrease the average daily consumption of the motor vehicle fuel premium and pertamax series 24.92%. biodiesel and Dex series 27.54%. With air quality better this is apparent from the air of particles of a decrease in the concentration (PM 10) 39.71%, and gas levels SO2 20.45%, CO 17.35%, O3 23.38% and NO2 25.81%.

Smart electric motor: Evaluation of business potential for digitalisation in the large electric motor industry

Digitalisation is seen to have contributed to the demise of 50% of the Fortune 500 companies since 2000. The large electric motor segment is not immune to this changing business landscape and must evolve to survive. This sector is experiencing declining revenues as traditional hardware-sales-focused business models have proved inadequate to address a reduction in profitability. New business models that exploit new digital value streams are to leverage the value from emerging technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things, Big Data and the associated emerging predictive analytics. These can be optimised via Cloud Computing and delivered utilising Platform as a Service software solutions to reduce cost and support scalability. The missing link in the justification chain for the installation of digitalisation packages on large electric motors is a model to determine if and which package sections return the most customer value and, therefore, sales opportunities for the supplier. In this context, this paper introduces the concept of the smart electric motor. The focus is on the oil and gas industry, where digitalisation is already deeply engrained in practice and shows how risk-based decisions can deliver a profitable project through new business models and digitalised solutions to reinvigorate this traditional industry.

Conjugate Analysis of Silica-Phenolic Charring Ablation Coupled with Interior Ballistics

Because of its excellent insulation capability, the usage of a silica-phenolic charring ablator as a nozzle liner is a common practice in the solid rocket motor industry. During the design of a solid rocket motor employing a silica-phenolic nozzle liner, it is desired to conduct an accurate analysis yielding in-depth thermal response and recession characteristics. As the interior ballistics and nozzle recession rate mutually interact, the best practice is to perform a coupled solution to both. Commonly used one-dimensional analysis tools with empirical approaches for estimation of convective heat transfer rate and blowing effect generally lack sought accuracy and do not model the transient shape-change phenomenon, which affects the nozzle performance. This Paper considers governing equations for charring, including pyrolysis gas injection and surface energy balance for melting ablation, along with a boundary condition governed by interior ballistics, and demonstrates a framework in which these equations are solved with governing equations for the nozzle flowfield in a coupled manner. Development and validation of a one-dimensional material response solver based on the same governing equations is also demonstrated. Also, results from a static firing test conducted with a small-scale ballistic evaluation motor employing a silica-phenolic nozzle insert are provided. Results from both investigations are compared and discussed.

Environmental noise challenges and policies in low- and middle- income countries

Information on environmental noise challenges was gathered for 139 countries, identified by the World Bank as of low income (31), lower middle income (52), and upper middle income (56). Data on noise levels were found in urban agglomerations of two low-income, 13 lower middle-income, and 20 upper middle-income countries. Environmental noise pollution continues to grow in all studied cities due to increase in motor vehicle fleets, airport operations and industries. The main driving forces are population growth, urbanization, motorization and to a large extent technological development. In this paper the major noise sources in two low-income countries, 13 lower middle-income countries and 13 upper middle-income countries (excluding Member States of and countries on the road to the European Union) are identified and observed environmental noise levels reviewed. The paper also compiles the adverse health effects of extensive noise exposures in urban agglomerations that have already been observed in some of these countries. The key laws and by-laws and other regulations on noise pollution in these countries and the level of their enforcement are discussed.

Detailed characterization of physiological EMG activations and directional tuning of upper-limb and trunk muscles in point-to-point reaching movements.

In recent years, several studies have investigated upper-limb motion in a variety of scenarios including motor control, physiology, rehabilitation and industry. Such applications assess people’s kinematics and muscular performances, focusing on typical movements that simulate daily-life tasks. However, often only a limited interpretation of the EMG patterns is provided. In fact, rarely the assessments separate phasic (movement-related) and tonic (postural) EMG components, as well as the EMG in the acceleration and deceleration phases. With this paper, we provide a comprehensive and detailed characterization of the activity of upper-limb and trunk muscles in healthy people point-to-point upper limb movements. Our analysis includes in-depth muscle activation magnitude assessment, separation of phasic (movement-related) and tonic (postural) EMG activations, directional tuning, distinction between activations in the acceleration and deceleration phases. Results from our study highlight a predominant postural activity with respect to movement related muscular activity. The analysis based on the acceleration phase sheds light on finer motor control strategies, highlighting the role of each muscle in the acceleration and deceleration phase. The results of this study are applicable to several research fields, including physiology, rehabilitation, design of robots and assistive solutions, exoskeletons.

Assessing Energy Efficiency and Power Quality Impacts Due to High-Efficiency Motors Operating Under Nonideal Energy Supply

The search for more competitive equipment in the global market has led to the implementation of new materials and technologies in the search for greater energy efficiency. This is certainly a guideline followed by the electric motor industry that has introduced new technologies in rotating machines, such as the permanent magnet motor, evolving into increasingly efficient motor classes. However, subjecting these efficient motors under nonideal electric grid power conditions, such as voltage unbalance, can cause these efficient machines to generate additional distortions in the voltage and current waveforms, which in turn not only affect the performance of electric motors themselves but also that of the electrical system in general. This work presents a comparison between energy efficiency gain and the corresponding power quality degradation through a detailed harmonic analysis of the effects of voltage harmonics and voltage unbalance in three 0.75-kW electric motors classes: IE2, IE3, and IE4, The results show that for increasing percentages of a specific harmonic distortion, other harmonics are also increased in the higher efficiency electric motors sample analyzed, and similar responses were also observed for large percentages of voltage unbalance, mainly in the line-start permanent magnet motor class IE4. The results achieved are interesting but rigorously reflect only the tested motor sample and cannot be generalized to all motors, in other power ranges, of the respective motor classes tested. For generalization, exhaustive tests must be accomplished to formulate general conclusions according to the electric motors’ classes commercially available.

Optimization of condition-based maintenance strategy prediction for aging automotive industrial equipment using FMEA

Maintenance plays a highly important role in achieving production targets and system performance. Electromechanical equipment and facility infrastructure within motor manufacturing industries are expected to perform at optimal efficiency during the operational phase of production. A major problem in the automotive production plan from motor industry statistics is associated with unexpected downtime, which is largely linked to aging equipment. During production downtime, much time is lost to fault finding, repairs, and replacement of faulty components within production lines. This transforms into low throughput in production, and performance gradually declines during the operational life cycle of the equipment. This paper presents an approach taken to prevent such instances in the automotive manufacturing industry, which considers an optimized condition-based maintenance approach to predict the condition of each component and assembly line using Failure-Mode-and-Effect-Analysis (FMEA). The condition-based performance level prediction is designed to help in formulating maintenance schedules and strategies that eliminate unplanned downtimes.

Physicochemical Characterization of Airborne Particulate Matter in Medellín, Colombia, and its Use in an In Silico Study of Ventricular Action Potential

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of particles that changes over time and from place to place; however, most PM is caused by the fuel combustion of motor vehicles and industry. PM is associated with acute and chronic illnesses, such as pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Medellin is one of the most polluted cities in Latin America. Therefore, the physicochemical characterization of its PM is necessary to understand its composition and effect on human health. In this study, PM was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductivity-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to evaluate its morphology and chemical composition. The SEM of the PM exhibited primary particles and agglomerates. The size of the particles ranged between 0.056 and 4.5 μm. The EDS revealed elements such as carbon, silicon, calcium, lead, and iron. Furthermore, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and carbonyl and aliphatic functional groups were observed by means of FTIR. Additionally, weight losses associated with volatile matter and elemental carbon were identified in the TGA analysis. The TGA and FTIR confirmed the presence of fuel and lubricant traces. Subsequently, lead was selected among the most common components in the PM in order to conduct an in silico study into its effect on ventricular activity. Lead showed a pro-arrhythmic effect by shortening the duration of the action potential under normal electrophysiological conditions, which could be associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Induction motor rotor bars type effects towards energy efficiency, economic and environment

<span lang="EN-MY">Nowadays, the rotating motor is the most demoralized machine for the global Motor industry. Comfort of practice, start-up, small, weightiness, Increased efficiency, low maintenance and inexpensive for each power rating that generally meets the necessary features for industries. Efficient improvements are inspected with copper for the rotor bars slot. Usually, the copper loss in the induction motor Rotor division contributes to the loss of energy. The research work was planned a new rotor design, by improved rotor bars type slot, size and design. These tasks were inspected using two approaches, in particular, MotorSolve (IM) and calculations in theory. One set of simulation has shown a significant increase in energy efficiency for a new rotor frame design. Calculations in theory are used MATLAB. As a result, these new designs have improved energy efficiency by 77% as compared to its 74% existing design. The results proved to be using MATLAB. For energy, cost savings and emission reduction (ER), new design rotor frame has been saved 154KWH/year, utility bill RM 60.20/Year and 0.113 CO<sub>2 </sub>tons/years intended for individually motor. Finally, the estimated cost aimed at 100,000 pieces of new rotor bars pattern induction motor and indicates this price was kept almost RM6 million.</span>

Strategi Mempertahankan Keunggulan Kompetitif PT Jayamandiri Gemasejati - Sukabumi

Jayamandiri Gemasejati is a company engaged in the Yamaha Motor and Spare Parts Sales Industry. This study aims to describe how the method used in this study is a descriptive method using a descriptive approach. Analysis of research data was carried out by identifying various internal and external factors through PT Jayamandiri Gemasejati's IFE, EFE, and SWOT matrix analysis. The identification and mapping of the key factors of the IFE and EFE matrices indicate that PT Jayamandiri Gemasejati is in a strong position and can well take advantage of opportunities and deal with existing threats with the strength they have, where Total IFE shows 2.69 and Total EFE shows 3,22 which indicates a strong internal and external position.

Poluição atmosférica em cidades brasileiras: uma breve revisão dos impactos na saúde pública e meio ambiente

Estima-se que atualmente cerca de 50% da população mundial habita em cidades e aglomerados urbanos podendo estar sujeitas a níveis crescentes de poluentes do ar. Dentre as matérias consideradas poluentes atmosféricos, destacam-se os gases e material particulado proveniente, sobretudo de fontes antrópicas, como os veículos automotores e as indústrias. Estima-se que no Brasil a degradação da qualidade do ar atmosférico possa causar aproximadamente 20 mil óbitos/ano, valor cinco vezes maior ao de morte causado pelo tabagismo ambiental/passivo, e 10,7 mil mortes/ano resultante da poluição do ar em ambientes internos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos principais impactos provenientes da poluição atmosférica na saúde pública e no meio ambiente, dando preferência a trabalhos publicados a partir do ano de 2008. A pesquisa se classifica como exploratória, abordando a problemática de forma flexível e considerando vários aspectos do fato estudado. Os estudos apresentados demonstram que os grandes centros urbanos são os mais suscetíveis a poluição do ar e que no geral, as populações mais vulneráveis são as de menor poder aquisitivo e as faixas etárias mais acometidas por agravos na saúde são crianças e idosos, nesse sentido, o monitoramento através de indicadores da saúde e bioindicadores são instrumentos válidos na observação dos impactos relacionados a poluição do ar.

Confucian business model canvas in the Asia Pacific: a Yin-Yang harmony cognition to value creation and innovation

ABSTRACT From an integrative view of paradox and culture, this research aims to elucidate the impact of cultural heterogeneity on the compositional structure of business models (BMs) in the Asia Pacific by focusing on the core BM content about the mechanisms of value creation and innovation. After a systematic review addressing the knowledge void, we refine the widely accepted, renowned model of a BM canvas to propose a new, indigenous Confucian BM canvas using the Yin-Yang harmony cognition as the underlying rationale for identifying the peculiar, innovative value-creating patterns of BMs in Confucian Asia. Our canvas encompasses three new building blocks: Social Legitimacy, Institutional Enabler, Institutional Disabler, that reflects the idiosyncratic Confucian cultural values and, thereby, can serve as a vital strategic map. Based on the insights distilled from this new canvas, we further suggest a novel ‘networked synergistic mode of innovation for value creation’ with an example of the electric motor industry in the Asia Pacific region. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are also discussed.

Heavy Metal Concentration Assessment Using Transplanted Lichen Usnea Misaminensis at Pasir Gudang, Johor

Heavy metals were produced by motor vehicles and industry as part of rapid urbanization effects. The objective of this study is to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr) in Pasir Gudang, Johor using lichen transplanted method. Samples of Usnea misaminensis have been transplanted into the metropolitan climate. The lichens were collected from the National Park of Endau Rompin, Johor. It’s a remote area. Fifteen sampling sites were chosen and heavy metals were exposed to lichen transplants at these stations for approximately 4-6 weeks. Exposed lichens have been studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the concentration of heavy metals in each sample. One-way ANOVA has also been used to check that there is major difference in the concentration of heavy metals in Pasir Gudang, Johor. The test revealed that the maximum concentration of iron (Fe) was 84.43 μg / g and the highest concentration of chromium (Cr) is 0.66 µg/g. A mathematical One-way ANOVA study found that there is a substantial difference between the heavy metal concentration with a P-value of 0.0000 < 0.05. The Tukey study has showed that Fe has slightly higher amounts relative to the others. This result suggest that the growing number of passenger cars would often raise the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Transplanted lichens may be an effective method to measuring air quality in the metropolitan region of Malaysia.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ОТРАСЛИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ БЕСКОЛЛЕКТОРНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ И СПОСОБОВ ИХ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

The development trend of the brushless motor industry and their application are described. The advantage of brushless motors in comparison with commutator ones is explained. Brushless motor control methods are described

Abstract C052: Association between benzene, a hazardous air pollutant, and lung cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Abstract Background: Benzene is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen in humans. A major pathway of benzene exposure is through inhalation of ambient air contaminated by emissions from motor vehicle exhaust, gas stations, industry, tobacco smoke, and other consumer products. Prior studies of benzene and lung cancer have been limited largely to occupational studies. We examined the association between outdoor air exposure to benzene and lung cancer risk in the large population-based Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC), including four major U.S. racial/ethnic groups—African Americans, Latinos, Japanese Americans, and Whites. Methods: Ambient benzene exposure was estimated from EPA data from air monitoring stations that were within 20 km of residences of 97,288 MEC participants, largely from Los Angeles County, from the time-period of recruitment (1993-1996) through 12/31/2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between time-varying benzene exposure and lung cancer risk (cases=2796), adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking, family history of lung cancer, marital status, education, occupation, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, intake of total calorie, red and processed meats, and neighborhood (block group) socioeconomic status. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status. In addition, subgroup analysis was conducted by histologic cell-type (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell, and not otherwise specified carcinoma). Results: Ambient benzene exposure was associated with increased risk of lung cancer (per 1 ppb hazard ratio (HR)=1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.35). Slightly higher hazard ratios were observed in females (HR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.05-1.56) in comparison to males (HR=1.12; 95% CI: 0.92-1.35). There was evidence of heterogeneity in associations by race/ethnicity (p heterogeneity=0.02). Specifically, benzene exposure was associated with increased lung cancer risk among African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Latinos (HR ranged 1.18 to 1.42 per 1 ppb), but was inversely associated with risk among Whites. Also, similar associations were seen among ever smokers (HR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.03-1.37) and never smokers (HR=1.25; 95% CI: 0.82-1.89). Across histologic-cell types, a borderline statistically significant association was seen with adenocarcinoma, the most common cell type (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 0.99-1.58). A smaller hazard ratio was observed for squamous cell carcinoma, the stronger smoking-related cell type (HR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.81-1.47). Conclusions: Benzene exposure adversely impacts the risk of lung cancer in the general population but particularly in non-Whites after adjusting for smoking, occupational and other exposures. Additional large population-based studies are needed to confirm this finding and reinforce the need for stringent clear air laws. Citation Format: Iona Cheng, Chiuchen Tseng, Jun Wu, Juan Yang, Salma Shariff-Marco, Jennifer Jain, S. Lani Park, Scott Fruin, Timothy Larson, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Lynne Wilkens, Daniel Stram, Loic Le Marchand, Beate Ritz, Anna H Wu. Association between benzene, a hazardous air pollutant, and lung cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C052.

Experimental investigation on wake flow structures of Motor Industry Research Association square-back model

Since the oil crisis of the last century, drag reduction for vehicles has become the focus of researchers. Currently the world’s major car brands have to seize the sport utility vehicle market. However, the sport utility vehicle models usually have a larger frontal area which brings challenges to drag reduction. This requires a better understanding of flow around sport utility vehicle models. The Motor Industry Research Association square-back vehicle model is similar to the sport utility vehicle geometry and can reflect the typical characteristics of aerodynamics of sport utility vehicle models. In this article, the wake flow structures of a 1/8 Motor Industry Research Association model is measured by particle image velocimetry. The results indicate that there is an obviously “n” type backflow vortex behind the vehicle. In the vertical direction, the vortex rotates from the outside to the inside, meanwhile the vortex rotates from the inside to the outside in the longitudinal direction. There is a velocity deficit region between the vortex and the back of the model which is an important source of drag force. This article summarizes the results of particle image velocimetry measurements from the model tests and obtains a picture of the structures of the wake vortex finally which can provide a theoretical basis for the drag reduction research in the future.

Mechanical Characteristics and Corrosion Characteristics of Fly Ash Particulates of Bagasse Reinforced Al 6061 Composite Materials

Recently, composite materials are among the most prospective substances. The improved characteristics were possessed by Metal matrix composites (MMCs) but which is low in comparison to plain composites. Due to low cost and density, nowadays composite materials most trendy one. Therefore, composite materials reinforced with fly ash particulate of bagasse fly ash will probably overcome the barrier of expense in the applications of small motor and automobile industry. In the current study, a technique of stir casting has been utilized to prepare reinforcement of AL6061 alloy with 5 wt% to 25 wt% of fly ash particulate matter of bagasse fly ash. In this study, the identification of phase and characterization of structures was performed with the help of analysis of diffraction in the X-ray on the fly ash particulate matter of bagasse. The analysis of microstructure was performed with the help of optical microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The test like pitting corrosion, compression and hardness have been performed on composite materials and light metal. The analysis of SEM demonstrates that in the matrix stage, there is a homogeneous distribution of fly ash particulates of bagasse and also excellent adhesion is existing among reinforcement and matrix. The hardness, pitting corrosion and compressive strength were improved, and the density of the composite materials was decreased when there is an improvement in the number of fly ash particulates of bagasse. The enhanced pitting corrosion of reinforcement of aluminum alloy with fly ash particulates of bagasse is related to the initiation of the nobler second stage of fly ash particulate matter.

Application of a Prototype Thermoplastic Treatment Line in Order to Design a Thermal Treatment Process of Forgings with the Use of the Heat from the Forging Process.

The global production of die forgings is an important branch of the motor industry for obvious reasons, resulting from the very good mechanical properties of the forged products. The expectations of the recipients, beside the implementation of the forging process, include also a range of supplementary procedures, such as finishing treatment including shot blasting, thermal treatment, and machining, in order to ensure the proper quality of the provided semi-product or the ready detail for the assembly line. Especially important in the aspect of the operational properties of the products is the thermal treatment of the forgings, which can be implemented in many variants, depending on the expected results. Unfortunately, a treatment of this type, realized separately after the forging process, is very time and energy-consuming; additionally, it significantly raises the production costs due to the increased energy consumption resulting from the necessity of repeated heating of the forgings for such thermal treatment. The article reviews the most frequently applied (separately, after the forging process) thermal treatments for die forgings together with the devices/lines assigned for them, as well as presents an alternative (thermoplastic) method of forging production with the use of the forging heat. The paper also presents a prototype semi-industrial controlled cooling line developed by the authors, which allows the development of the assumed heat treatment of forgings directly after forging with the use of forging heat, together with sample results of conducted tests.

NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: DEVELOPMENT'S EXPERIENCE AND CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE

In this article, the experience of the new going is analyzed near industrial politics of successful countries of region of Central and East Europe (CEE). Research method. The method of comparative analysis of new industrial politician is used for research of similar with Ukraine economies of Poland, Chech Republic and Hungary. By the method of ascent from part to general we defined such general and distinctive signs politician of countries of region of CEE. Main part. We are studied, analyzed and groupped an instruments of industrial politics in area of stimulation of Export, including for the enterprises of small and middle businesses (SME). These mechanisms were worked out and successfully mastered in the United States of America and were used on the stages of economic transformation of post-socialistic countries. We distinguished the features of vertical and horizontal instruments of industrial politics and then the most often applied events of Hard and Soft variants of industrial politics are structured in a CEE region. In this Region it was come forward basis of successful stimulation of height of industry such as presence of own currency (zloty, chech crowne and forint) and realization of independent currency-course politics, creation of industrial parks and special economic zones, and also application of mechanisms of reduction of prices and insurance of export by means of Export-credit Agencies. By the distinctive feature of Poland in realization of industrial politics there is reducing of greater part and successful restructuring of remaining volume of a Sovereign debt on new basis. This Debt was re-profiled on the advantageous terms for Poland both before international financial organizations (IMF, World bank etc.) and before large private creditors. Reduction of promissory burden pawned basis for creation of new workplaces and technological rearmament in industry, that resulted in the speed-up economy growing of Poland. The feature of new industrial politics of Hungary are state measures on support of enterprises with specialization on NT with the large stake of value-added — in particular electronics. It distinguishes Hungary from nearby Republic of Slovakia, where by a government a course was taken on stimulation of creation of cluster of automobile and motor industry. Also the feature of Hungary is the developed system of trade houses with the purpose of advancement of the Hungarian export abroad at the financial assistance of the state participating Export-import bank and Export-credit agency, working in close cooperation. We recommend within the framework of realization of new industrial politics in Ukraine actively to bring over small and middle enterprises (SME) to export activity. We proposed for stimulation industrial policy as important institutional mechanism to establish the specialized state Agency of development of small and midsize businesses in Ukraine. It can become for example of the United States of America, with the use of real experience of countries of region of CEE. Using experience of Hungary, we offer creation by Government the National Trade House in Ukraine for financial and organizational support of advancement of export in co-operating with state specialized Ukreximbank and accrued Export-credit Agency of Ukraine. Also we consider a necessity to used Poland's and Chech Republic's experience on creation of the ramified network of Industrial parks on all territory of the country in Ukraine.

Efforts to control air pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.

Efforts to control air pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.