Motor Driver Circuit Research Articles

High accuracy line following intelligent car based on infrared sensor

This research aims to describe the design and construction of a line-following intelligent automobile using the TM4C123GH6PZ microcontroller as the central processing unit. The vehicle uses two MG310P20_7 motors, one motor driver circuit and a 12-gray sensor for propulsion, motor control and line detection. The sensors made the high-accuracy angler movement in tests, the vehicle is 91.85% stabile to follow the line, taking an average of 3.44 seconds to complete a 3-meter road. Therefore, this concept demonstrates how infrared sensors and sophisticated control algorithms can be used to be more stable in creating driverless vehicles.

Development of metaheuristic algorithms for efficient path planning of autonomous mobile robots in indoor environments

The application of efficient path planning algorithms for two-wheeled Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) in static environments with obstacles is a significant challenge in robotics research. Existing methods, such as the A star (A*) algorithm utilized in Robot Operating System 2 (ROS2), can provide optimal paths but may have high computational complexity in intricate environments. This study explores the potential of three metaheuristic algorithms - Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO), Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO), and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) - for planning efficient and smooth paths in static environments. These algorithms are selected due to their ability to efficiently find near-optimal solutions and avoid local minima. In this study, the researchers designed and built a two-wheeled AMR using a Raspberry Pi 4 microcontroller as the main processing unit, working in conjunction with an Arduino Mega for controlling the DC motor drive through an MDD10A motor driver circuit. The robot is equipped with an RPLiDAR A1 sensor to read 360-degree distance values for mapping and obstacle avoidance. The experimental results clearly indicate that the metaheuristic algorithms, especially ABC, can calculate paths up to 7% shorter than A* while requiring only one-tenth of the time. Moreover, ABC demonstrates superior motion smoothness when applied to the actual two-wheeled robot in static environments. This work represents a significant step in developing algorithms for two-wheeled robots that are ready to support real-world operations in industries, logistics, healthcare, or various service sectors, which can help increase efficiency and reduce operating costs in the future.

Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Dual-Axis movement of SPV Power Plant Parameters under various Atmospheric Conditions

This research paper presents comprehensive insight into the testing of a 1 KW sun tracking photovoltaic (PV) performance. The study uses a state-of-the-art real-time string monitoring system to allow this analysis while covering an extensive variety of atmospheric conditions. The design of the 1 KW solar tracker system incorporates a tracking sensor circuit, motor driver circuit, string monitoring system, and solar tracker control circuit. Solar tracking systems boost energy generation by adjusting the angle of PV panels to optimum sunlight exposure. The effectiveness of such devices can, however, be severely impacted by atmospheric changes. In a photovoltaic (PV) facility, we have successfully developed and placed into use a real-time system for monitoring certain strings. The system collected data on key parameters such as current, voltage, and temperature, providing insights into the health and efficiency of each string. Our study encompassed various atmospheric conditions, including clear skies, cloudy days, and fluctuating solar radiation. A DAQ system developed communicate with observations such as the voltage and current of photovoltaic arrays and the voltage and current of DC motors. When comparing the dual-axis tracking system to the static PV system, a maximum of 48% more electricity can be extracted. Both days with clear skies and days with clouds provide satisfactory results. The supply for the tracker control circuit comes from PV cells. Therefore, there is no need for any auxiliary supply, such as a battery.

Speed and Direction Control of DC Geared Motor Using WiFi Module

This study covers the design and implementation of a remote brush direct-current (DC) motor speed control platform that is WiFi-based.[1] The NODE MCU, battery, dummy, chassis, and motor driver circuit(L293D) are the parts that make up the platform. The main processor, NODE MCU, is configured with Linux to provide remote control and speed feedback of the motor within a WiFi environment.[2] This article then uses socket technology to realize the processor's communication with the remote client.[3] The encoder and speed meter record the geared DC speed, which is measured by the speed sensor. This article provides a detailed description of the development process of the networked control platform. The platform's feasibility is verified through experimentation using the findings.

Mekanik Tahrikli Rastgele Kısa Desen Yapan Makine Prototipi

One of the important producers of the industrial industry in our country is the textile sector. The importance of the textile industry for our country is growing day by day with increasing production and employment. In order to keep up with this growth, manufacturers need to go beyond their existing systems, show their differences and make the right innovations in their production. Considering these values, changes to be made in the yarn structure or dyeing process come to the fore. In this study, the dyeing process is discussed. Weaving and home textiles, which are an important part of the textile industry, have a wide market. There are different dyeing systems that have an important market for the products made in these areas. Spaced and smart painting, which are among these painting systems, do not meet the needs in the desired direction. A new machine design is needed to provide the desired features. In the study conducted in this direction; A commercially unavailable machine has been implemented, designed and manufactured to generate random short patterns with mechanical drive. In project scope; First of all , the paint stand to be integrated into the system was designed . Different yarn lifters and godet systems have been designed. Paint container, drive system and electronic panel are also mounted on the system. In addition, new software has been developed within the scope of the project to provide automatic control of the system. Studies were carried out with PLC and Arduino electronic circuit board. In the first stage, motor driver circuits were designed with PLC and Arduino. Then, with the software loaded on the PLC and Arduino processor board, the frequency values to be given to the inverter were started by changing the threshold ranges we wanted. Lifters and painting cylinders are connected to each other so that the same sequence is not repeated. Thus, in this study carried out in line with the needs, both a new machine and a new textile product with different dye patterns emerged.

Design of Plastic Sealed Brushless Motor Controller Based on Hall Effect

With the rapid development of electronic technology, brushless DC motors (BLDCM) are widely used in various fields such as electronics, industrial control, and the medical field because of their high efficiency, noiselessness, and high speed. However, the traditional BLDCM has large torque and cannot accurately determine the rotor position information. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of a Hall sensor controller to control the BLDCM and carries out the hardware circuit design of the motor driver circuit, Hall circuit, power supply circuit, etc., and the program control of STM32, and carries out the software design of PWM interrupt subroutine, AD picking like the program, etc., to realize the Hall effect sensor. The control of BLDCM is carried out.

The Performance Comparison of the SiC and Si Mosfets Used in the 3-Phase Brushless DC Motor Drives for Electric Vehicles

This study was carried out to compare the Si and SiC MOSFETs in the market used on motor driver circuits. A motor driver circuit is designed to run the brushless DC motors. Thanks to the semiconductors used in the driver circuit, the motor receives current as desired. While performing this task, the MOSFETs get hot and lose power. This situation changes according to the material structure used inside the MOSFETs. Hence, it is planned to compare Si MOSFETs that have been in the market for a long time and SiC MOSFETs that have been used recently under different loads and different temperatures circumstances. Si and SiC MOSFETs are placed in the motor driver circuit, which has the same structure in the simulation environment. The operation of the motor under no load and on different mechanical loads has been analysed. In these cases, the response of the MOSFETs to temperature changes was also analysed by changing the cooling temperature. As a result of the study, SiC MOSFETs were less heated and less power loss was observed than Si MOSFETs. It has been observed that when the mechanical load is high, the switching speed of Si MOSFETs decreases despite the speed of SiC MOSFETs is not affected. As a result of this study, it has been observed that SiC MOSFETs used in the motor driver circuit work more efficiently than Si MOSFETs for electric vehicles.

Mobile Bluetooth Control Car

Abstract: Our project aim is to design Bluetooth control car which are going to interface with the android app. To developed an android application android studio application is used. In that application we have given the movement to move a Bluetooth car like left, right, turn left, turn right etc. Next step is creating that car which is connected to android app via Bluetooth module HC-05. Our main part to control car using Arduino software. In that software we havewritten our code and upload it on the Arduino uno whichis connected to car. Power supply is given by 12V lithium-ion battery. Operational range of Bluetooth module that is used is around 10 meters approx. Next main part is motor driver circuit to connect the tt gear motors to it. In this project we are actually trying to analyse the working of car how that is controlling via Bluetooth. How all part is working with co-ordination with each other. At last, we have tested the movement of Bluetooth car using android application.

Intelligent Obstacle Avoidance Controller for QBot2

This paper describes the design process and the steps involved in the implementation of a fuzzy logic-based controller for autonomous navigation of an educational robot called Qbot2. The differential-driven robot is equipped with three ultrasonic sensors (SRF-04) mounted on the front bumper and DC motors with built-in encoders and current sensors. The controller takes the inputs from three ultrasonic sensors and generates the speed commands to avoid any obstacle in its path. PCB is designed to process all the data from the sensors and direct the signal to the motors via motor driver circuits. The low-level implementation of the hurdle avoidance controller is implemented using an inexpensive Arduino UNO in real-time. The controller performance is validated through an experimental run. The designed platform can be used to implement various fuzzy inference systems in real-time and hence can be utilized as laboratory work for testing soft computing algorithms on mobile robotics.

Object Recognizing Robot Application with Deep Learning

Today, technological devices and robots are used to benefit in many different areas. In environments where people of other military field may be at risk, vital risks are desired to be minimized for robots. It is very risky for a person to enter a building for reconnaissance purposes during military operations. It is the place where this kind of risky person learns a robot that can be remotely controlled, recognize the text he sees, and display the text control text he knows, instead of making exploration. In this structure, the robot uses the TensorFlow deep learning library offered by Google to recognize objects. It was run on the Raspberry Pi3/B minicomputer on the software with the language of Python. DC motors are used for robot movement. In Raspberry Pi3/B minicomputer, the robot's movements can be controlled by sending a signal to the motor driver circuit with GPIO pins. In the tests of the prototype, it has been observed that the guarantee of success in the distribution area has increased.

Design and development of an automated robot for collecting latex cups in rubber plantation

The main reason for robots in agriculture are saving the time and energy required for performing repetitive tasks and increasing the productivity. The turnover rate in rubber plantation is high and youngster nowadays refuse to work in this industrial. This project aims to build a small-scaled automated robot prototype for collecting latex cups in hopes to reduce the dependency of labor in collecting latex. It was fabricated by using 3D printer and consists of transmission system, linear actuator robotic arm and a storage tank. It was analyzed through static test and balance test for mechanical stability. The robot developed can perform auto-navigation with proper calibration on the transmission at flat terrain, and able to control the 3 Degree of Freedom (DoF) robotic arm on the prototype to grab the latex cup smoothly. Ultrasonic sensors are used to locate the rubber trees and movements of the prototype. The robotic arm and the base are controlled by an Arduino Uno and motor driver circuit respectively. A magnetometer was implemented to ensure the prototype could move straight throughout the process. During test, the prototype was placed in front of two “rubber trees” (imitated by water bottle) to let it retrieves the model latex cups and extract the liquid inside. The results showed that implementation of magnetometer enabled the robot much more consistent in the moving direction and proper delay time used for the navigation of the robot. The prototype is able to automate basic tasks and act as fundamental design for future development.

Genetic analysis with pyrosequencing using loop pipetting and a light dependent resistor.

DNA sequencing is among the most important techniques in biology to decipher the key genetic players of health and disease. The existing laboratory instruments for DNA sequencing are well established and reliable. However, these instruments are still out of reach of most laboratories in the world due to very high equipment and running costs and require trained personnel to keep them running. These instruments are also large and bulky making them unsuitable for analysis in remote settings away from laboratories. Here we describe a proof-of-concept of a DNA sequencing device LoopSeeq using a simple approach to address the said problems without minimizing the quality of results. The device was designed to perform pyrosequencing by iterative addition of dNTPs by contact dispensing through a loop pipette (loopette) and detection of chemiluminiscence with the cheapest sensor in the market, a light dependent resistor (LDR). Two small geared motors drive the moving parts in a controlled and coordinated manner with the help of a motor driver circuit, an Arduino Nano microcontroller and two small neodymium magnets. The real-time light intensity data from the LDR were transferred to a laptop computer for further analysis. Pyrosequencing was optimized using 55 nt self-primed oligo. In order to demonstrate the DNA sequencing ability with real samples, molecular genetic analysis was performed for a previously identified novel mutation from our lab in exon4 of the OCA2 gene. LoopSeeq successfully identified the homozygous normal (c.408-409_AA), homozygous mutant (c.408-409_delAA) and heterozygous carrier (c.408-409_AA/delAA) alleles in three individuals of a family affected with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). Further, this can be implemented for molecular diagnostic applications for bacterial, viral or other pathogen detection and genotyping among different subtypes following some reports described earlier. A few drawbacks in the current implementation including the evaporation of liquid reagents, possible loopette contamination, etc. associated with use for longer times are also described along with suggestions to rectify these problems in future designs. With the described capabilities, the LoopSeeq device can be implemented in routine labs as well as in several real-world situations where conventional DNA sequencing instruments are unfeasible, for example, diagnostic testing at remote settings or at the point-of-care.

Elektrikli Araçlarda Kullanılan Motorlar ve Motor Sürücüleri

Elektrikli araclarin (EA) uretimi ve kullanimi yayginlasmaktadir. Elektrikli araclarda en onemli donanimlardan birisi, araclari hareket ettiren elektrik motorlaridir. Elektrik motorlarinin (EM) ozellikleri, elektrikli araclarin kullanim alanina ve gucune gore degismektedir. Kucuk guclu elektrikli araclar icin kullanilan elektrik motorlarinda ve orta ile buyuk guclu araclar icin uretilen elektrik motorlarinda bazi yapisal degisiklikler vardir. Elektrikli motorlarin guclerine ve yapilarina gore, bu motorlari kontrol eden suruculerin ozellikleri de degismektedir. Bu calismada, elektrikli araclarda kullanilan kucuk, orta ve buyuk guclu elektrik motorlarin yapisi, cesitleri, calisma ozellikleriyle motor suruculeri sunulmaktadir.

Rancang Bangun Prototype Mesin Pengering Gabah Otomatis Menggunakan Metode PID sebagai Kendali Temperatur

The value of rice grain content after harvest is quite high, around 20-23% in the dry season, and around 24-27% in the wet season. It was drying grain after harvest was processed by the conventional or manual method that carried out the grain drying in the sun. This method has several disadvantages, such as the dependence on the weather, requires a large area, and 54 hours for drying so that the grain becomes dry with a moisture content of 14.12%. From this problem, the researchers made a grain drying machine that could work automatically. The drying machine is made to solve the issues of conventional grain drying so that the machine was completed with a K type thermocouple temperature sensor and grain moisture content. Whereas the heating media uses a fire that is fueled with LPG gas, and then the heat from the fire has flowed into the furnace or grain drying chamber. The heating arrangement was made by regulating of flowing LPG gas to the nozzle through the opened and closed variable valve where the valve shaft was connected to the DC motor shaft. The application of the PID method also used in this drying machine, which has a purpose while controlling the drying temperature to match the Set Value (SV) or the desired temperature at 38oC. The grain moisture content value is considered to have dried up when the grain moisture content value is 14%. The PID method that is implanted into the ATmega16 microcontroller will give a signal to the motor driver circuit to regulate the direction of rotation of the DC motor connected to the opened and closed valve variable. PID method testing was done by trial error and has produced a steady-state error of 5.2% at S0056=38oC with constant values Kp=2, Ki=2, and Kd=10. Whereas for drying grain testing on harvested is done by selecting Ciherang grain with a moisture content of 20% and a weight of 3 kg. The grain drying process takes 30 minutes so that the value of the water content becomes 14% with a drying temperature of 38oC, so the grain drying rate on this machine is 0.17% per minute.

Prevention of Disasters using Automated Railway Crossing System

Railway is the most prominent and most economical way of transport. Majority of people depend on railways for transportation. Rail modes are most commonly used and very effective mode of commuting and goods carriage over long, short distances. In this paper, we are preparing a system in order to prevent the disasters which happen due to unmanned level crossing in the railways. For this system, Arduino Uno is used as the platform with ATMEGA16U2 as the microcontroller. In order to detect the train as well as the obstacles ultra-sonic sensors are used. When the train approaches the unmanned zone, ultrasonic sensor will detect the arrival of train which is kept 2 KM away from the railway crossing zone. The input of ultrasonic sensor is sent to Arduino Uno to activate the railway gates operated by DC motors. These gates are controlled or driven by motor driver circuit. If any obstacles are detected on the track can also be detected by the ultrasonic sensors which are kept at the gate and it will alert the train, with the help of led signal. Due to this led signal, the train will slow down the speed mechanically or even the train can stop if it's necessary. This system is demonstrated to prevent and stop the disaster at railway crossing zones.

Smart Automation Technique to Collect Dry and Wet Waste using IOT Module: to Achieve our ‘SBM’ Mission

The global waste production in now a days is increasing at a rapid rate, it is predicated that it will give rise to 28 billion tonnes per year by 2051, one-third of the whole global Asian continent is majorly contributed by India and china. The Main objective of the proposed method is to achieve clean India mission abbreviated as SBM. To make our urban and rural areas surrounding to be clean without any dry and wet waste. So our proposed method is designed to collect dry and wet Waste using IOT and embedded system Technology. The government has provided two dustbins in every place to dump the waste, one for dry waste and other for wet waste. The sensors node is kept inside the dustbins. When it becomes full it sends the signal to the Transmitter node. After Receiving the signal from sensor node, it updates details area and location in the common cloud IOT database. Then it sends the information to particular Location vehicle Driver to collect the waste.in the vehicle it has separate provision to collect dry and wet wate using conveyor belt and hbridge motor driver circuit. After collecting the waste it updates the information to the common cloud database system.

SISTEM KONTROL OTOMATIS PENGISIAN CAIRAN DAN PENUTUP BOTOL MENGGUNAKAN ARDUINO UNO Rev 1.3

The system design test results are obtained that when the sensor detects an object with a certain distance, the sensor will issue a signal to the micro which is then forwarded to the charging driver circuit to turn on the relay. The relay functions as a switch or switch that will fill the liquid in the bottle, when the driver is charging on, the process of filling the liquid occurs in the bottle, and the micro filling process issues a signal in the active motor driver circuit. The conveyor driver is active after giving a signal from Arduino Uno, the conveyor will stop after the sensor detects a bottle then stops, and the micro sends a signal to turn the motor driver down on the bottle cap to close the bottle on. When the bottle closing process is complete the motor driver backs up actively moving the road conveyor back. The percentage error of theoretical value and measurement of the difference is small and when filling the liquid in a bottle takes 17 seconds until the bottle is fully filled and by using the micro, the liquid filler on the bottle and the bottle cover can be completed properly.

FPGA-realization of an RBF-NN tuning PI controller for sensorless PMSM drives

The estimation and control of the rotor position for sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) and artificial neural network (ANN) is presented in this paper. The EKF is a rotor position estimator which is a full-order stochastic observer for the recursive optimum state estimation of a nonlinear dynamic system in real time by using signals that are in the noisy environment. An ANN constructed by radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and a parameter adjustable mechanism is applied to speed control loop of the PMSM drives to cope with the effect of the system dynamic uncertainty and external load. In this paper, firstly, a mathematical model for PMSM is derived, and a sensorless FOC is built up. Secondly, the rotor position and rotor speed which are estimated by using EKF is described. These estimated values are feed-backed to the current loop for FOC and to the speed loop for RBFNN-based self-tuning PI control. Thirdly, a very high-speed IC hardware description language (VHDL) is presented to describe the behavior of the adopted control and estimation algorithm. Fourthly, to verify the correctness of the designed VHDL code of the control and the estimation algorithm, based on electronic design automation (EDA) simulator link, a co-simulation work is constructed by Simulink and ModelSim. And some simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness. Finally, an experimental system with a PMSM, a motor driver circuit, and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) board are set up to implement the proposed rotor position estimation and speed control algorithm.

Fabrication and Performance Analysis of a Higher Efficient Dual-Axis Automated Solar Tracker

In this work, a dual-axis automated solar tracker is developed by using two linear motors, four light dependent resistors (LDRs) and two mono crystalline solar panels. The LDRs are placed on the rotating frame where the solar panels are placed to detect the position of the sun and the controller circuit drives the motors to place the frame towards the sun. The controlling unit has been developed using PLC microcontroller. The motor driver circuit has been designed using a code to align the solar panels to a suitable position so that it is exposed to the maximum amount of solar irradiance. The driver circuit receives data from the LDRs and the microcontroller controls the motors to move the panel along its horizontal and vertical axis. To evaluate the performance of the solar tracker, output power of the solar tracker and an identical set of static solar panels set in an optimum fixed orientation are measured from the open-circuit voltage and the short circuit current for two consecutive days. The output power produced by the automatic solar tracker was consistently higher than that by the static solar panel. The energy gain due to using the automatic solar tracker is at highest in the morning and in the afternoon at almost 40%. The lowest value of energy gain is observed during noon at as low as 1%. The average increase in output throughout the day is 24.09%.

Wireless sensing for a solar power system

Wireless sensing is an excellent approach for remotely operated solar power system. Not only being able to get the sensor data, such as voltage, current, and temperature, the system can also have a proper control for tracking the Sun and sensing real-time data from a controller. In order to absorb the maximum energy by solar cells, it needs to track the Sun with proper angles. Arduino, H-bridge motor driver circuit, and Direct Current (DC) motor are used to alter the tilt angle of the solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) panel following the Sun while the azimuth and the elevation angles are fixed at noon. Unlike the traditional way, the tilt rotation is proposed to be stepped hourly. The solar PV panel is tilted 7.5∘ in advance of current time to the west to produce more output voltage during an hour. As a result, the system is simple while providing good solar-tracking results and efficient power outputs.