Motor-driven System Research Articles

Torque distribution of distributed drive electric vehicle based on efficiency map of drive system

Abstract In order to optimize the system efficiency of distributed drive electric vehicles, based on the MAP of the efficiency of the drive motor system, the objective function of the optimal efficiency is established, and the problem of the no-load loss of the drive motor is considered. A torque distribution control strategy method considering the no-load loss of the motor is proposed. Then, AVL CRUISE and Simulink are used to establish a joint simulation platform, and a comparative simulation test analysis is carried out under ECE conditions. The simulation results show that the torque distribution strategy considering the loss makes the distributed drive motor work in a relatively high efficiency range. Compared with the torque distribution strategy without considering the loss, the power consumption is reduced by 3.4%, which effectively improves the vehicle economy. The research results can provide a reference for system efficiency optimization of distributed drive electric vehicles.

Research on Maintenance Capability Standards for Drive Motor Systems of New Energy Vehicles

Developing industry recognized industry standards within the qualification framework is the benchmark for learning outcomes transformation. Based on the study of general competency standards, this article takes the maintenance competency requirements of new energy vehicle drive motor systems as a case study, and conducts a detailed analysis of the requirements for this module in vocational education undergraduate education for secondary and higher vocational schools. Finally, the vocational skill level standard for "electric vehicle high-voltage system evaluation and maintenance" is revised and preliminarily verified.

Adaptive predefined-time tracking control of uncertain permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive chaotic system

A predefined-time tracking control algorithm is formulated for the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM) driver system subjected to chaotic oscillations and undeterministic parameters, which can determine the upper bound of settling-time by controller gains. Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(RBFNNs) are employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions as universal approximators. The innovative predefined-time tracking differentiators are constructed to estimate the derivatives of the virtual inputs, resolving “the explosion of complexity” in traditional backstepping method. Then, an adaptive predefined-time controller is proposed in the backstepping framework. Lyapunov’s theoretical analysis proves that all signals in the closed-loop systems are uniformly ultimately bounded and the output tracking errors can converge to a small neighborhood of the origin within the predefined-time. Finally, simulation studies are performed to demonstrate that the proposed control scheme can quash the chaotic behaviors of the PMSM drive system and ensure fast-tracking performance even under unknown parameters.

Power Advance Prediction to Improve the Energy Utilization Efficiency of Motor-Driven System Considering Multilink Time-Delay

In the motor-driven system, the utilization of a supercapacitor energy storage unit contributes to energy saving. However, the multi-link time-delay in the system makes the supercapacitor unable to immediately track and respond to the sharp change of motor power. This will cause the large DC bus voltage fluctuation, the peak current at the power grid side, and unnecessary energy loss. In this paper, a power advance prediction control strategy considering multi-link time-delay is proposed. The multi-link time-delay mechanism in the system is analyzed, in particular for the different conditions of motor power change. Afterward, with the motor speed, torque, and the inverter acceleration/deceleration rate obtained in advance, the motor steady power and power change rate are predicted. In the dynamic process, by adjusting the tracking rate in real time, the motor reference power function is derived. The reference current of the supercapacitor is given online, so as to match the power between the motor and the energy storage unit. Both simulation and experimental results verify the rationality and validity of the proposed control strategy. In the dynamic process, the system stability and energy utilization are successfully improved in comparison with multi-parameter collaborative power prediction control and double closed-loop control.

Magnetic-Free Wireless Self-Direct Drive Motor System for Biomedical Applications With High-Robustness

Magnetic-Free Wireless Self-Direct Drive Motor System for Biomedical Applications With High-Robustness

Operation of induction motor-drive under different voltage sag conditions

Simulation of an Induction Motor-Drive system under various voltage sag conditions using Matlab/Simulink is presented in this paper. Variation of input current, speed and output torque for induction motor-drive is investigated in this paper. Simulation results show that the variation of speed and current in motor-drive system basically depends on the size of the dc link capacitor. It is shown that the maximum reduction of dc-link voltage happens during voltage sag type A. Unsymmetrical VS types E and G cause the maximum reduction and type B causes the minimum reduction of dc-link voltage respectively. The reduction of dc-link voltage depends to dc-link and source inductances. The higher reduction in dc-link voltage is resulted when the larger inductance is used.

Research on Maintenance Capability Standards for Drive Motor Systems of New Energy Vehicles

Research on Maintenance Capability Standards for Drive Motor Systems of New Energy Vehicles

Novel Composite Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Integral Sliding Mode Approach

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely applied in industry, and proportional integral (PI) controllers are often used to control PMSMs. Aiming at the characteristics of the poor anti-disturbance ability and speed ripple of traditional PI controllers, a novel composite speed controller for PMSMs is proposed in this paper that uses a novel sliding mode control (SMC). To improve the chattering problem of traditional SMC, a high-order approaching law super-twisting algorithm (STA) is applied. Considering the internal and external disturbance of motor driver systems, such as motor parameter drifts and load torque changes, a disturbance estimator based on an extended state observer (ESO) is proposed, and it is used for the feed-forward compensation of the current. The composite super-twisting integral sliding mode controller (ST-ISMC) with a nonlinear ESO is tested by simulations and experiments, and the comparative results verify that the proposed controller has the higher control accuracy, smaller speed ripple and stronger robustness.

Reliability Analysis of High-Voltage Drive Motor Systems in Terms of the Polymorphic Bayesian Network

The reliability of the high-voltage drive motor system for pure electric commercial vehicles is in premium demand. Conventional reliability based on fault tree analysis methods is not suitable for the quantitative assessment of polymorphic systems. As an example of a pure electric commercial vehicle, this paper combines polymorphic theory and Bayesian theory to establish a polymorphic Bayesian network model of a high-voltage drive motor system in terms of a polymorphic fault tree and to quantitatively judge the system. The polymorphic Bayesian network (BN) model can accurately depict the high-voltage drive motor system’s miscellaneous fault states and solve the top event’s probability in every state, also solving the system and drawing the consistent conclusion that the presence of abrasive particles, high-temperature gluing, moisture, and localized high temperatures are the system’s weak links by solving the critical importance, probabilistic importance, and posterior probability of the underlying event, which provides a theoretical reference for structure contrive optimization and fault diagnosis. This is extremely important in terms of improving pure electric commercial vehicles’ high-voltage drive motor systems.

Study on a Novel In-Wheel Motor Driving System Driven by Two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Disc Motors

The electrical driving system is crucial to the performance of electric vehicles (EVs). It is problematic for an in-wheel motor (IWM) driven by a single motor to satisfy certain dynamics requirements or to remain highly efficient at full operating conditions. In this paper, a novel IWM driving system driven by two permanent magnet synchronous disc motors (PMSDMs) with a planetary differential gear train (PDGT) is put forward. The PMSDMs are designed based on the parameters and dynamic indicators of the vehicle. Thereafter, the PMSDMs are optimized from aspects of the rotor skewing angle and pole arc coefficient and verified by finite element analysis (FEA). Then the characteristic coefficient of PDGT is optimized through non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) combined with dynamic programming (DP). The economic performance improves by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.0\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> and dynamic performance improves by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.4\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> with the characteristic coefficient optimized from 3 to 1.65. Meanwhile, the economic performance of the novel dual-motor IWM shows significant improvement compared to the traditional single-motor IWM in simulation. Furthermore, a prototype is developed and tested. Both the simulation and experimental results reveal the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed novel IWM driving system.

Dynamic control strategy for bi-directional DC/DC converters to suppress the dc-link voltage fluctuation in motor driver systems

This paper presents an improved dc-link voltage control strategy for bi-directional DC/DC converter to reduce the fluctuation of dc-link voltage. The bi-directional DC/DC converter is the top widely-adopted topology for machine drives. However, a wild dc-link voltage fluctuation may cause the overvoltage accident if the load is suddenly altered. Therefore, a novel energy-balanced dc-link voltage control scheme is presented. Through the analysis of the instantaneous energy balance of the whole system, this paper draws a conclusion that the energy stored in the dc-link capacitor will fluctuate in the dynamic process. Then, when the output power changes, the influence of the proposed control strategy on the dc-link voltage fluctuation is analyzed. Moreover, some deadbeat predictive control method has been applied within the current inner loop to improve systematically dynamic response ability. As the energy consumption can be compensated, the fluctuation of dc-link voltage is constrained in sudden load change. Small-signal model has been presented to analyze dynamic performances. As a result, experimental outcomes verify that above method is equipped with superior dc-link voltage fluctuation suppression capability, and the current overshoot is reduced and dynamic performance is improved. What is more, the controller design is simple to realize and has a bright application prospect.

Three Voltage Vector Duty Cycle Optimization Strategy of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Driving System for New Energy Electric Vehicles Based on Finite Set Model Predictive Control

Faced with the increasingly serious energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, traditional internal combustion engine vehicles are receiving more and more resistance, which has rapidly promoted the development of new energy electric vehicles. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in new energy electric vehicles and in other fields because of their simple structure, light weight, small size, and high power density. With the continuous advancement of production technology, the requirements of accuracy, rapidity, and stability in permanent magnet synchronous motor systems have gradually increased. Among many advanced control technologies, this paper proposes an optimized model predictive torque control strategy based on voltage vector expansion. This strategy involves the construction of a reference stator flux linkage vector based on the analytical relationship between electromagnetic torque, reference stator flux linkage amplitude, and rotor flux linkage and the transfer of the separate control of electromagnetic torque and flux linkage amplitude into flux linkage vector control. At the same time, the optimal duty cycle corresponding to the two adjacent extended voltage vectors and the zero vector is calculated according to geometric relationships so as to realize the three voltage vector duty cycle optimization control. Experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy.

Robust Maximum Efficiency Tracking Control of Wirelessly Powered Directly Supplied Heart Pumps

In recent times, wireless power transfer systems have been identified as a reliable option to supply power to medical implants. Up to now, Wireless Power Transfer Systems (WPTS) have only been used to charge batteries of low-power medical implants. However, for medical implants requiring a relatively higher power, such as a ventricular assist device, which is an implanted blood pump in the patient’s abdominal cavity, an external power supply has been used. When WPTS is used for medical implants, it increases the number of required power converter stages and hardware complexity along with the volume, which tends to reduce the overall efficiency. In addition, the existence of uncertainties in WPTS-based medical implants, such as load and mutual inductance variations, can lead to system instability or poor performance. The focus of this paper is to design a WPTS to supply power to the pump motor directly through its inverter based on the requirements of the motor drive system (MDS) without resorting to an additional DC-to-DC converter stage. To this end, the constraints that the drive system imposes upon WPTS have been identified. In addition, to make a reliable closed-loop operation, a µ-synthesis robust controller is designed to make sure the system maintains its stability and performance with respect to the system’s existing uncertainties. A number of experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the adopted WPTS design approach and the corresponding closed-loop controller for WPTS. Furthermore, the experimental findings for the maximum efficiency tracking (MET) approach (to minimize WPTS coil losses) and constant DC link voltage control approach are shown and compared. According to experimental results and system efficiency analysis, the former appears to perform better. The system dynamic performance analysis, on the other hand, demonstrates the latter’s advantage.

Formulation and Enhancement of an Innovative Plug-in Parallel Hybrid Power System

This research focuses on the development of a novel plug-in parallel hybrid power system that integrates multiple power drive devices and incorporates various driving and braking modes. The system includes a power battery system, two drive motor systems, an engine, a clutch, and a transmission. The objective of this study is to enhance the power performance, efficiency, and fuel economy of the vehicle by optimizing the power drive modes and brake energy recycling. The proposed hybrid power system offers seven power driving modes and three brake energy recycling modes, enabling improved vehicle performance and energy efficiency. The engine operates solely for vehicle propulsion, eliminating energy losses during power generation. The research aims to analyze and optimize the system's performance under different operating conditions.

RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PERAJANG SINGKONG DAN PISANG DENGAN MOTOR PENDORONG

Chips are a type of snack or snack made from tubers such as cassava and bananas which are usually produced by home businesses. However, most home-based chips making businesses still use manual tools such as kitchen knives or cutters so that production takes longer, the thickness cannot be adjusted and the risk of workers' hands being injured by knives is added. This cassava and banana chopper uses a driving motor system that is driven by an electric motor with a speed of 1400 RPM HP and the pusher is driven by a power window. The results of this tool chopping obtained thickness in cassava and banana is 1-1.5 mm which is the standard thickness of chips in general. In addition, the results obtained are faster production compared to manual techniques using a kitchen knife or cutter. The conclusion is that the cassava and banana chopper with a driving motor is very efficient for chip craftsme, because the production time is faster and the thickness of the cassava and banana slices is uniform, namely 1-1.5 mm.

Electric Vehicle Air Conditioning System and Its Optimization for Extended Range—A Review

Environmental protection initiatives are speeding up the replacement of the present IC engine-based transportation system with an electric motor-driven system. In electric vehicles (EV), energy stored in batteries is used for the traction of the vehicle and the operation of the auxiliaries. The range of the electric vehicle was identified to be one of the major challenges faced by the EV segment. The optimization of the consumption of stored energy is the best solution for range improvement in an EV. Auxiliaries in the vehicle include basic accessories such as a lighting system and equipment for improved comfort such as air conditioners. Air conditioning equipment is the major power-consuming auxiliary in an EV apart from the traction motor. This review article discusses the significance and influence of different components of the air conditioning system, and methods followed by researchers to optimize the performance and reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioning system to extend the range of vehicles. The effects of thermal load and volume of space to be conditioned were also considered in this study. This review concludes by stating the different possibilities for the reduction in power consumption and emphasizes zonal air conditioning of occupant space as a solution for reducing energy consumption or increasing the range of EVs. Compared to full-space air conditioning, zonal AC can reduce power consumption by up to 51%.

Energy Recovery and Utilization Efficiency Improvement for Motor-Driven System Using Dynamic Energy Distribution Method

The hybrid energy storage system with the battery as the main energy source and the supercapacitor as the auxiliary energy source has been widely applied in the motor-driven system. However, the uncoordinated distribution of energy between energy storage units would cause unnecessary energy loss in the system. The energy recovery and utilization efficiency of the system needs to be further improved. In this paper, a power tracking control strategy considering total energy loss is proposed. The energy flow path of the motoring or generating process is investigated. The energy loss prediction models of the battery, the supercapacitor and the bidirectional DC/DC converter are established, respectively. Afterward, the objective optimization control function is deduced from the perspective of the minimum comprehensive energy loss. Dynamic power distribution ratios are obtained under the constraints. The superiorities of the supercapacitor are fully utilized and the dynamic supply-demand power balance is maintained. The results of simulations and experiments verify that energy recovery and utilization efficiency of the system is increased by 26.4% using the proposed control strategy in one running cycle.

Research on random vibration condition of driving motor system for new energy passenger vehicle

In this paper, by formulating a unified test scheme and integrating industry forces, the data collection of vibration condition for driving motor system of 21 different types of new energy passenger vehicles was completed based on the strengthened road surface in the test site. The above data are processed by selecting the maximum vibration energy value of each frequency segment and selecting envelope of vibration curve in each direction. Finally, a random vibration curve is formed for the tested components installed in the three positions of the new energy vehicle powertrain, body and drive motor. The final vibration curve were compared with the ISO 16750.3 CD draft. It is found that the general trend of vibration conditions constructed in this paper is consistent with the ISO draft. However, the vibration energy value is higher than ISO draft and higher than the measured vibration energy value of each enterprise. It is proved that the vibration condition formed by taking envelope of vibration curve is different from that of the actual driving motor. In this paper, further rectification measures are proposed to ensure the rationality of the subsequent construction of working conditions.

A Fast Prediction Approach of Radiated Emissions From Closely-Spaced Bent Cables in Motor Driving System

Three-phase cables in a motor driving system are the major ways of electromagnetic radiation, which result in potential interference to the nearby electronic equipment on electric vehicle. Numerical simulation of radiated emissions from cables is time-consuming, which becomes insufficient to compute large numbers of cables for actual applications. Hence, this article proposes a fast prediction approach that can highly improve the computational efficiency. Since cables are often close to each other and arbitrarily bent in the real application due to confined working space, the influence of proximity effects caused by closely-spaced cables on radiated emissions is also considered in the calculation model by multi-transmission line and Hertzian dipole theories. Besides, an equivalent model is presented to characterize the measured motor impedance. On the basis of the proposed cables model, a complete motor driving system model is originally developed by integrating a radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) source model of inverter and a load equivalent model of motor impedance. The system model is of vital value to identify the mechanism concerning radiated EMI issues on electric vehicles and efficiently evaluated in the end. Both numerical simulations and experiments are conducted for the validation of proposed approach, which show that the proposed approach can save over 90&#x0025; computational time with desired evaluation accuracy.

Touch Controlled Wheelchair

Abstract: Smart robotic wheelchair has a great significance in life of a disabled person. With several merits, a wheelchair becomes a dilemma for a disabled person when comes to self-propulsion. This project describes an economical solution of robot control systems. The presented wheelchair control system can be used for different sophisticated robotic applications. The automatic robotic wheelchair comprises of the features like sensing hindrances and circuitry to avoid colliding to obstacle and emergency calling. Implementing embedded systems solution on self-propelled wheelchair enhances upgradability. This paper briefs a multifunctional wheelchair for disabled mob using, touch screen, ultrasonic sensor and Motor driver system interfaced through microcontroller which ultimately abolishes switching technology and thus optimizing hardware cost. Obstacle avoidance facility enables to drive safely in unknown as well as dynamic environments. Keywords: Easy navigation, Obstacle avoidance, Touch screen, Motors