Motor Drive Research Articles

ELECTRIC VEHICLE UNIFIED WITH WIND AND SOLAR POWER

The global energy crisis and escalating pollution from vehicle emissions pose critical challenges, compelling a shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) as an eco- friendly remedy. Despite their environmental advantages, EVs confront a hurdle in extended charging durations. To combat this, the concept of onboard charging has been explored, where EVs autonomously generate and store electricity. This paper introduces a hybrid model harmonizing solar and wind energies to propel EVs, utilizing the vehicle's battery as a storage unit for surplus energy. Integrating both renewable sources enables continuous energy production, addressing the intermittent nature of solar and wind power. The system strategically prioritizes solar charging during daylight hours and switches to wind charging at night, optimizing energy utilization. Simultaneous usage of both sources enhances overall efficiency. This hybrid system ensures a reliable, sustainable charging solution, reducing dependence on conventional grids and curbing greenhouse gas emissions. The amalgamation of renewable energies into the transportation sector aligns with the global transition towards cleaner and sustainable energy practices. In summary, this hybrid model presents a pragmatic solution to the energy crisis and vehicle emissions, contributing to a greener and more sustainable transportation landscape. Key Words: Hybrid Vehicle, Renewable Energy, Solar power, Wind power, Remote Control, Green transportation, Arduino Uno, Motor Driver, Ultrasonic Sensor.

Water Trash Collector

Water Trash Collector

Automated Environmental Stewardship: A Ribbon-Cutting Robot with Machine Vision for Sustainable Operation

This paper provides a novel way for automating ribbon-cutting rituals that use a specifically constructed robot with superior computer vision capabilities. The system achieves an outstanding 92% accuracy rate when assessing picture data by using a servo motor for ribbon identification, a motor driver for robot movement control, and nichrome wire for precision cutting. The robot's ability to recognize and interact with the ribbon is greatly improved when it uses a Keras and TensorFlow-based red ribbon identification model which obtained accuracy of about 93% on testing set before deployment in system. Implemented within a Raspberry Pi robot, the method exhibits amazing success in automating ceremonial activities, removing the need for human intervention. This multidisciplinary method assures the precision and speed of ribbon-cutting events, representing a significant step forward in the merging of tradition and technology via the seamless integration of robots and computer vision.

Loopholes in the Indian Banking System concerning Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) – A Case Study of “Axis Bank and HDFC Bank”

This paper presents the development and implementation of an innovative IoT-based Surveillance Robot designed for remote control, utilizing a Wi-Fi module and a smartphone interface. The portable espionage robot integrates cutting-edge technology, featuring an AI Thinker ESP32-CAM module with an ESP32-S processor, an OV2640 camera, motor drivers, and a robust chassis with two moving wheels. The ESP32-CAM allows the capture and storage of images on a microSD card, facilitating efficient data management. The robot employs the HTTP Communication protocol, enabling users to access live video streaming from the OV2640 camera through a standard web browser. The web interface includes intuitive directional buttons for seamless control, allowing users to command the robot to move left, right, forward, and backward. The locomotion of the robot is achieved through two DC motors integrated with a Robot chassis and an L293D motor driver module. The real-time video feed is transmitted wirelessly to the user's smartphone over a Wi-Fi infrastructure, providing a live- streaming experience. This wireless surveillance robot finds applications in various scenarios such as war fields, disaster management, and beyond, showcasing its versatility in remote monitoring and reconnaissance tasks. Keywords: IoT, Surveillance Robot, Wireless Control, ESP32- CAM, HTTP Communication, Video Streaming, Smartphone Control, Disaster Management, Robotics, Remote Monitoring, Reconnaissance.

Research on the Detection of Traffic Flow based on Video Images

Based on the current level of social development, everyone's demand for cars has increased rapidly. At present, the total number of motor vehicles and drivers in China ranks first in the world. With the rapid development of deep learning, the method of vehicle flow statistics based on video can directly use the existing traffic monitoring camera to realize the detection of vehicles, and some traffic flow detection based on YOLOv1, YOLOv2, YOLOv3, YOLOv4 and other algorithms have problems such as insufficient accuracy and low efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes to use YOLOv5 to replace the original algorithm to achieve object detection, tracking, and processing. I improve the efficiency of the statistics of the traffic flow.

Utilization of PWM Signals in Automatic Parking Gate Speed Control Using PID System Modeling

Utilization of signals (Pulse Width Modulation) on the l298n motor driver and PID controller (Proportional Integral Derivative) is often used in industries, especially those that require robots as their automation medium, so that a process in robot automation does not only design system modeling, but is also required to implement a control system. angular position on a DC motor using the PID model. The PID control system in this study utilizes speed control with a PWM signal in the l298n motor driver and is applied as a DC motor angle position control module which is used for the parking doorstop system. The use of the trial error method is a suitable choice to be applied in finding values for the PID position control. This system keeps the speed and position in accordance with the set point when given a load as well as the ability of the system to catch up with the speed and position in order to reach the set point when the motor starts running are very important factors as a measure of speed and position control performance. because of its effectiveness, in the implementation of the parking gate latch produces a standard configuration of the PID controller with parameters Kp, Ki and Kd that can be determined so that the plant characteristics match the expected design criteria. In the trial error method, the most effective value was obtained with Kp = 10, Ki, 1.9 and Kd = 0.8 which resulted in steady state and no overshoot.

Production of an Orbital Shaker Device with Time and Rotational Speed Control Using Potentiometer Based on Arduino Uno

Mixing solutions is an everyday activity performed in laboratory spaces. Mixing solutions manually by shaking is less effective, as it takes a long time and requires much effort. Therefore, an orbital shaker has been created to mix solutions with a digital unidirectional movement. This device is designed using a DC motor as the driver, an L298N motor driver, an Arduino Uno as the processor, a potentiometer to adjust the speed and rotation time, a seven-segment TM1637 display to show the set values, and push buttons as start and reset buttons. Testing the orbital shaker begins by inputting PWM values on the potentiometer and then measuring the DC motor's rotation speed (rpm) using a tachometer. The calibration testing includes calibrating the rotation speed values (rpm) and time. The results of rotation speed calibration testing show an average error value of 1.09%, accuracy of 98.91%, and precision of 99.77%. In comparison, time calibration yields an average error value of 2.45%, accuracy of 97.55%, and precision of 99.99%. Subsequently, speed testing is conducted using a solution load ranging from 100 to 1000 g, with each increment of 100 g testing rotation speeds from 240 to 360 rpm. The results indicate that when a load is applied, there is a decrease in the measured rotation speed compared to the input speed. The orbital shaker can rotate within a speed range of 240 to 374 rpm and a maximum time of 90 minutes with a maximum load of 1000 g.

Fire Fighting Robot- The Fire Extinguisher

This study presents the design and implementation of a fire fighting robot using an Arduino UNO microcontroller as the central control unit. The robot is equipped with a flame sensor for detecting fires, a motor driver for precise motor control, and a water pump for extinguishing flames. Additionally, an ultrasonic sensor is integrated for obstacle detection and navigation, enhancing the robot's mobility in complex environments. A Bluetooth module allows for remote control and monitoring of the robot's operation, while a buzzer provides audible feedback during emergency situations. The performance of the fire fighting robot is evaluated under various conditions, demonstrating its effectiveness in autonomously detecting and extinguishing fires. Overall, the developed robot offers a promising solution for automated fire fighting tasks, with potential applications in both indoor and outdoor environments

SOSIALISASI PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PRODUKTIVITAS PANEN UDANG MELALUI PENGONTROLAN KADAR AIR BERBASIS IOT DI DESA KUALA CEURAPE

Pond water quality is the main factor for the survival and productivity of shrimp farming. Physical parameters such as temperature, salinity and water turbidity are the main indicators of pond water quality. Poor water quality can reduce appetite, growth rate, and increase the risk of disease in shrimp. To overcome this problem, an effective monitoring and control system is needed. The method used in implementing this community service activity covering observation, design and socialization of the use of IoT-based automatic water content control devices. The results showed that the device is effective in helping fishermen controlling water levels automatically, increasing efficiency and effectiveness. The technology used includes the Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, RTC, LCD, relay module, motor driver, and DC motor. This activity is expected to provide new knowledge for fishermen in increasing shrimp productivity and quality through automatic control of pond water.

Medium Voltage Drives (MVD) – Design and Configuration of Eighteen-Pulse Phase Shifting Autotransformer Rectifier for Cascaded H-Bridge Motor Driver Application

Efficiency, dependability, and Simplicity make the eighteen-pulse phase shifting autotransformer rectifier (18PSATR) one of the best solutions to enhancement the power quality of electrical systems. The popular structures utilized in the market of 18PASTR were compared to achieve the best, lowest cost, highest quality, and optimized design. The 18PSATR is a competitive selection to reduce system general harmonics and insulate the grid from hormones produced by the cascaded H-bridge motor driver (CHBMD). A deep check of industrial demands and producer goods, the work considers four configurations contributing to harmonics accepted by IEEE-519 requirements. A comparison is done to exhaustive the best 18PSTAR topology with the minimum use of copper, lowest weight, best dimensions, power quality, and best output voltage waveform. All proposed 18PSATRs are tested, simulated, studied, shown, and produced with low rate of power, voltage and current. The output current, output voltage waveform, and total THD simulation results shown using Simulink analysis show considerable assimilation of each structure. The design of Symmetric Delta differential (18PSTAR-SDD) theoretical, and experimental results show the minimum power-losing rate which improved the quality of power and output voltage waveform. Delta differential configuration has an intelligible arrangement, painless assembly, minimum copper use, easy terminal connection, harmonic cancellation, and higher power quality. The THD of 18PSTAR-SDD from simulation results is less than 2.9%. Compared to other structures, the proposed 18PSTAR diagram reduces total cost and production by a considerable margin. Also, test results approved that the output power of DC load equals 85% of the rectifier rate.

FIRE FIGHTING ROBOTIC VEHICLES

The project is designed to develop a fire fighting robot using Arduino uno . The robotic vehicle is loaded with water pump which is controlled by servos. An ATMega 328 microcontroller is used for the desired operation. At the transmitting end using commands are sent to the receiver to control the movement of the robot either to move forward, and left or right etc. At the receiving end tow motors are interfaced to the microcontroller where two of them are used for the movement of the vehicle and the one to position the robot. The ultrasonic sensor adequate range with obstacle detection, while the receiver driver module used to drive DC motors via motor driver IC for necessary work. A water tank along with water pump is mounted on the robot body and its operation is carried out from the microcontroller output through appropriate command from the transmitting end. The whole operation is controlled by an ATmega 328 microcontroller. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the microcontroller through which the controller drives the motors,three ir flame sensors are fixed on robot chassis to sense the fire and to reach the destination to putoff the fire.

Design and Development of Variable Rate Metering System for Fertilizer Application

A variable rate fertilizer metering mechanism was designed by changing the speed of the feed shaft for use in variable rate fertilizer applicator. A micro-controller unit programmed with a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) motor driver was used to run the feed shaft for varying speeds. Two types of fluted rollers (straight and helical flute) were used with varying number of flutes having same volume for each fluted roller. No significant difference in discharge rate between helical and straight fluted roller was observed with varying number of flutes (6, 8, 10, and 12). However the discharge rate of SSP fertilizer was significantly higher than that for DAP. Also, significant difference was observed in applied torque and power requirement for straight and helical flute.

IoT Enable Grass Cutter Robot - Car

Abstract: The IoT Enabled Grass Cutter Robo-Car project represents a transformative leap in the realm of lawn maintenance, merging cutting-edge robotics with the expansive capabilities of the Internet of Things (IoT). At its core, this project introduces a state-of-the-art Robo-Car, meticulously engineered to be remotely controlled through an Android application. The crux of the communication infrastructure is a web server, with the ESP8266 serving as the linchpin by receiving signals from the server. These signals orchestrate the nuanced operations of a L298N motor driver, steering the precise movement of 100 RPM motors, and a relay module that commands the activation of the grass cutter motor. With a vision to redefine the landscape of lawn care, this project stands as an exemplar of efficiency, convenience, and remote accessibility in the realm of smart agriculture.

Road Traffic Pollution, Motor Driving Occupation and Human Reproductive Health- An Overview

Generally, automobile vehicles discharge specific contaminants into the surrounding environment during operation, which might affect human and reproductive health. Additionally, a more extended period of sitting while driving is linked with the manifestation of heat in the pelvic region, which might also impact the driver’s semen quality. The data on motor traffic pollution, sitting posture duration while driving, and their impact on reproduction was collected by searching various websites. The data on the effects of traffic-related contamination on motorway tollgate workers indicated an alteration in semen quality parameters to some extent compared to control, i.e., nonexposed to traffic-connected pollution. Still, the data on other male reproductive endpoints are scanty. Some data on the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on pregnancy outcomes are accessible based on the studies mostly carried out in women residing close to the main road, which suggests the adverse impact of TRAP on pregnancy outcomes. The comprehensive data on drivers with reverence to professional driving i.e., long duration of sitting while driving and reproductive health, is scanty and needs more studies. The available information suggests that vehicular pollution might affect the semen quality and pregnancy outcome to some extent. At the same time, the impact on the other reproductive endpoints of both sexes is inconsistent, and additional data is needed to conclude these aspects of human reproduction. Further, there is a need to adopt better efficient fuel engines to reduce TRAPs or use alternate technology or fuel to petrol/diesel.

PEMBUATAN RAK PADA CV. AYUNA SILVER UNTUK MEMBANTU MENGATUR LETAK CETAKAN CINCIN

The ring mold storage rack created is equipped with a ring mold search system as an alternative for the automatic ring mold search process. This system is built with several supporting components such as ESP32 microcontroller, Servo Motor, L9110 Motor Driver, DC Gearbox Motor, 16x2 LED. The result of this service activity is the creation of an automatic ring mold storage rack which is able to simplify and reduce the time of the ring mold searching process at CV. Ayuna Silver. The final results obtained from several testing processes carried out contained 3 invalid results from 10 system tests, this shows that the system has a system success percentage of up to 70%. The time needed to search for rubber molds before the automatic ring mold storage rack was around 20 minutes, after the automatic ring mold storage rack was installed using a mobile system, it was only take 0.20 minutes or 12 seconds.

A Study of the Induction Motor/ASD Immunity in the Presence of Voltage Sags

Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are sensitive to power quality problems, especially voltage sags. The effect of the magnitude and duration of voltage sags on ASD behavior is related to the energy deficit. On the other hand, the induction motor operation is sensitive to voltage sags in regard to the re start possibility as well as the drop in the motor speed. ASD and induction motor immunities need to be coordinated, being presented the required methodology. A complete study of the involved equipment immunities is needed in order to obtain a better behavior in the presence of voltage sags.

ATP prediction of voltage sag effect on sensitive loads.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the behavior of adjustable speed drives (ASD) connected to the power system under symmetrical voltage sag conditions. An ATP model has been developed to simulate the response of a VSI inverter driving a three-phase induction motor. Speed and voltage control systems are included. The response of mechanical and electrical variables is obtained.

Pemanfaatan Modul Lora SX1278 Sebagai Sistem Telekontrol pada Robot Penjaga

The frequent armed conflicts in Papua have earned it the dubious distinction of being the number one region in Indonesia with the highest incidence of armed conflicts. These actions are claimed to be the work of the Armed Criminal Group (ACG) and often target military posts or guard stations. Given the conditions at these guard stations, there is a perceived need to introduce technology for better anticipating and countering attacks. In response to these challenges, the author envisions the introduction of a guard robot as a solution. This proposed guard robot is integrated with an SS2 weapon and has the capability for remote control of its firing. The remote control of the robot is facilitated by the LoRa Sx1278 module, which is purported to have a range of up to 500 meters. The researcher's proposed guard robot consists of components, including the Arduino Nano, LoRa SX1278 Module, L298N Motor Driver, DC Motors, Solenoid, 12-Volt LiPo Battery, Step-down module, and KY-023 Joystick. The research findings highlight the impact of the quantity of data on transmission delay. The lowest delay observed during the 10th test, with the transmission of 10 words, had an average delay of 531 ms, while the lowest delay during the first test, involving the transmission of a single word, had an average delay of 81 ms. In terms of data transmission range tests using the LoRa SX1278 module, under Line of Sight (LOS) conditions, the best range achieved was 350 meters, whereas under Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) conditions, the range was limited to 100 meters.

Development and evaluation of a machine vision-based cotton fertilizer applicator

Aim of study: To develop and assess a cotton fertilizer applicator integrated with a Machine Vision Based Embedded System (MVES) to achieve precise and site-specific fertilization. Area of study: The investigation was performed in the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Material and methods: The MVES included a cotton detection system with a web camera, processor (computer), and python-based algorithm, and a fertilizer metering control unit with a stepper motor, motor driver, power supply, and microcontroller. The python-based algorithm in the computer predicts the presence (or absence) of cotton plants, whenever an input image is received from the camera. Upon cotton detection, it transforms into a Boolean signal sent to the microcontroller via PySerial communication, which instructs the motor to rotate the metering unit. Motor adjusts the speed of metering unit based on machine speed measured through a hall sensor, ensuring site-specific delivery of metered fertilizer A developed lab setup tested the MVES, experimentally examining performance indicators. Main results: The MVES obtained a MAPE of 5.71% & 8.5%, MAD 0.74 g/plant & 1.12 g/plant for urea and DAP (di-ammonium phosphate), respectively. ANOVA revealed no statistically significant effect of forward speed on the discharge fertilizer amount (p>0.05). For urea, discharge rates ranged from 1.03 g/s (at 10 rpm, 25% exposure length of metering unit) to 40.65 g/s (at 100 rpm, 100% exposure). DAP ranged from 1.43 to 47.66 g/s under similar conditions. Research highlights: The delivered application dosage conformed the recommended dosage. The developed MVES was reliable, had a quick response, and worked properly.

AUTOMATED NAVIGATION FOR UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES IN LOGISTICS

The use of ground-based courier robots is widespread in the systems that integrate the complex automation of transportation management. Most often, the robot's main problems are finding and avoiding obstacles on the way during cargo transportation. Many computing resources are used to model the route taking into account the features of the terrain during logistic navigation. In research, the choice of gear motors, motor drivers, microcontrollers, and microcomputers was justified to ensure movement. To ensure effective autonomous navigation, the robot must contain ToF, LiDAR, ultrasonic sensors, GPS modules, cameras, an accelerometer, and a magnetometer. The selected combination of the investigated hardware components will allow for accurately determining the location of the vehicle. The article analyses the components of the robot. The principle of operation of drivers and engines is defined. Two models of drivers and two models of engines were considered. A schematic of the device with all connected sensors, a controller, and a microcomputer was developed. The principle of interaction of all system components to ensure autonomous navigation was developed. For the long-term operation of the system with autonomous navigation, the power supply system and the capacity of the necessary battery were calculated. A neural network was created and used for object detection. For neural network calculations, a server-side was created that receives frames from the device's camera and returns data on detected objects to the autonomous vehicle.