Motor Aspects Research Articles

Eeg Microstates and Balance Parameters for Stroke Discrimination: A Machine Learning Approach.

Electroencephalography microstates (EEG-MS) show promise to be a neurobiological biomarker in stroke. Thus, the aim of the study was to identify biomarkers to discriminate stroke patients from healthy individuals based on EEG-MS and clinical features using a machine learning approach. Fifty-four participants (27 stroke patients and 27 healthy age and sex-matched controls) were recruited. We recorded EEG-MS using 32 channels during eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions and analyzed the four classical EEG-MS maps (A, B, C, D). Clinical information and motor aspects were evaluated. A machine learning method using k-means algorithms to discriminate stroke patients from healthy subjects showed that the most influential parameters in clustering were balance scores and microstate parameters (duration and coverage of microstate A, duration, coverage and occurrence of microstates C and global variance explained). To evaluate the quality of clustering, the Silhouette score was applied and the score was close to 0.20, indicating that the clusters overlap. These results are encouraging and support the usefulness of these methods for classifying stroke patients in order to contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies, improve the clinical management of these patients, and consequently reduce the associated costs.

Clinical and radiological characteristics and 1-year self-reported outcomes from patients with encephalitis and coronavirus disease 2019

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is responsible for multisystemic disease and has high transmissibility. It culminated in a pandemic, challenging scientific knowledge and care capacity. Neurological symptoms are highly prevalent, and cases of encephalitis have been described, in both peri- and postinfectious periods. However, pathogenesis and prognosis are unclear. Thus, we aim to describe the clinical findings in cases of encephalitis in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, together with a 1-year follow-up of self-perception of recovery and remaining neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study in which patients with cerebrospinal fluid collection and a recent diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection were screened for encephalitis through analysis of medical records. We describe their clinical and paraclinical findings using descriptive statistics, together with their long-term outcome, through a self-assessment questionnaire.ResultsAmong the 135 patients screened, 11 patients were included. Most of them were admitted for neurological symptoms (73%), and in 63% of cases, those symptoms occurred within the first 7 days of systemic symptoms. Most patients had minor pulmonary involvement assessed on chest computed tomography. On cerebrospinal fluid analysis, the most relevant finding was hyperproteinorrachia. Three patients (27%) had positive changes on magnetic resonance studies. In the outcome analysis, most patients (77%) reported gait difficulties and 66% reported memory and concentration problems.ConclusionEncephalitis associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is rare but responsible for chronic sequelae in cognitive and motor aspects. The pathophysiology seems to be associated with both the immune-mediated and inflammatory processes, and the low frequency of paraclinical findings demands a high clinical suspicion.

Behavioral analysis of motor and non-motor impairment in rodent models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. While motor symptoms such as rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia/akinesia, and postural instability are well-recognized, non-motor symptoms including cognitive decline, depression, and anxiety also significantly impact patients' quality of life. Preclinical research utilizing animal models has been instrumental in understanding PD pathophysiology and exploring therapeutic interventions. Various approaches, including genetic manipulations and toxin-induced insults, aim to recapitulate both motor and non-motor aspects of PD in animal models. However, no single model fully replicates the complex spectrum of PD symptoms. Behavioral assessments play a crucial role in evaluating motor impairments in PD animal models, focusing on the manifestation of Parkinsonian motor phenotype. These assessments encompass locomotor activities, motor behavior abnormalities, and induced rotational behavior. Similarly, non-motor features are assessed through tests evaluating behavioral alterations such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Although numerous animal models of PD have been developed, including non-human primates and both mammalian and non-mammalian species, this review focuses on motor and non-motor testing methodologies in rodent models, which are the most commonly used. Emphasizing genetic and toxin-induced PD models in mice and rats, we highlight key testing strategies and the significance of each method in addressing specific research questions and interpreting experimental data. By providing a comprehensive overview of these testing approaches, this review aims to advance understanding and foster progress in PD research.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Berenang dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini di TK Dharma Wanita Keboansikep

One way to develop the physical motor aspect of early childhood is by applying swimming lessons. This study aims to determine the influence of the application of swimming learning in developing children's physical motor aspects. This research method uses a qualitative method. The data collection technique was carried out by conducting observations at the Keboansikep DWP Kindergarten which consisted of 2 levels of classes A and B, and conducted interviews with educators, observations and documentation at the Dharma Wanita Persatuan Keboansikep Kindergarten. The techniques to analyze the data in this study are data reduction, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the data analysis show that Dharma Wanita Persatuan Keboansikep Kindergarten prioritizes 6 aspects of child development, of course in physical motor development. Physical motor development is the growth and development of muscles and nerves in children. This can affect early childhood skills in moving. One way to improve physical motor development is by doing swimming activities. Swimming is an activity that trains the whole body, especially children's motor skills, from head to toe

Keterampilan Mengadakan Variasi

The skill of providing variety is one of the important competencies in early childhood learning which aims to create a fun, interesting and effective learning atmosphere. This research aims to analyze the application of variation skills in the early childhood learning process and its impact on children's interest and participation. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with observation, interviews and documentation methods on teachers and students at an early childhood education institution. The research results show that variations in learning methods, media and interactions significantly increase children's involvement in learning activities. Teachers who are able to consistently provide variation also encourage the development of children's cognitive, social-emotional and motoric aspects. This research recommends special training for early childhood educators to improve skills in providing variation as the main strategy in learning.

Computer model for gait assessments in Parkinson's patients using a fuzzy inference model and inertial sensors.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the moderate and severe stages can present several walk alterations. They can show slow movements and difficulty initiating, varying, or interrupting their gait; freezing; short steps; speed changes; shuffling; little arm swing; and festinating gait. The Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) has a good reputation for uniformly evaluating motor and non-motor aspects of PD. However, the motor clinical assessment depends on visual observations, the results are qualitative, and subtle differences are not identified. This study presents a fuzzy inference model for gait assessments in PD patients with detailed descriptions of signal processing and eight biomechanical indicators computations; as such, other authors can replicate the presented methods. The computer model uses 334 bilateral measurements of 58 Parkinson's patients and 15 healthy control subjects performed over one year. The computer model validations are based on physician evaluations in real-time and post-analysis using an extensive database of videos and signals. The assessment results are explainable, quantitative, and qualitative, increasing their acceptance and use in clinical environments. The computer system design considers three expert motor evaluations, including the PD patients' evolutions; this facilitates correlation with medication doses and appropriate intervals for follow-up medical consultations. The assessments include three qualitative gait conditions of MDS-UPDRS-normal, slight, and mild-as well as a numerical evaluation of up to two decimal places.

Integrasi Kearifan Lokal dalam Model Pembelajaran PAUD di Tenggarong

This study aims to describe the integration of local wisdom of Kutai culture in the learning model in Early Childhood Education, especially in kindergarten 02 Tenggarong. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the application of Kutai cultural values in learning activities to strengthen children's cultural identity, character, and understanding of local cultural heritage. The focus of the research includes the implementation and challenges faced by teachers in integrating Kutai culture into the PAUD curriculum. Data collection is carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation by involving teachers and principals as the main informants. The data analysis technique uses a four-stage model, namely data collection, data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that the integration of local wisdom was carried out through various activities, such as the introduction of the jepen dance, the introduction of Erau traditional ceremonies, making dragon replicas, ornaments of hornbill hats, beseprah traditions, visits to the Mulawarman Museum, the introduction of cakes and traditional games in the learning process. This strategy not only improves children's understanding of local culture but also strengthens the skills of cognitive, motor, and social-emotional aspects in children. The main challenge in this implementation is the lack of structured references or guidelines regarding local culture-based learning, but it can be overcome with collaboration between schools and the community

Equines as Experimental Models: A Review of Their Use in Therapy, Antivenom Production, and Sports

The horse is a large, strong, docile, and easily handled animal with therapeutic qualities, making it an ideal experimental model for various studies. Given this, the aim of this review is to identify the criteria for selecting horses as an experimental model in research related to equine-assisted therapy (hippotherapy), antivenom production, and equestrian sports. To achieve this, a bibliographic search was conducted in the Google Scholar database using the following keywords: “selection,” “horses,” “equine-assisted therapy,” “equestrian sports,” and “antivenom.” Inclusion criteria focused on selecting articles that provided relevant and insightful information on these search terms. The analyzed studies demonstrated that equine-assisted therapy is an effective therapeutic approach for the rehabilitation of individuals with disabilities, fostering improvements in motor, cognitive, and emotional aspects. In selecting horses for equine-assisted therapy, motor, morphological, and behavioral criteria were considered to ensure both the safety and effectiveness of treatment. For antivenom production, large horses were preferred due to their greater blood volume, which enables better tolerance during plasma collection. Lastly, in selecting horses for equestrian sports, it was noted that each breed possesses specific skills suited to different sport categories; thus, criteria such as obedience, physical endurance, and agility were assessed for each horse.

Pengenalan Tumbuhan Khas Kalimantan Tengah Kepada Anak Sebagai Upaya Melestarikan Kearifan Lokal Dalam Kegiatan Ecoprint

This community service aims to introduce local wisdom typical of Central Kalimantan through the Kelakai plant. This community service activity is integrated with learning, making ecoprinting a learning activity that can be used to introduce the Kelakai plant and help stimulate children's physical motor development. This is also done as an effort to preserve local wisdom in Central Kalimantan. The targets for community service participants are children aged 5-6 years old class B 2 Yusuf bin Yaqub who are at PAUD IT Al Ghazali Modern School Palangka Raya and students of MBKM (Free Learning Independent Campus) Early Childhood Islamic Education Study Program Faculty Tarbiyah and Teacher Training IAIN Palangka Raya are also actively involved in these activities. The results of community service at PAUD IT Al Ghazali Modern School Palangka Raya regarding introducing children to plants originating from Central Kalimantan show that children can get to know one of the local wisdom typical of Central Kalimantan, namely the Kelakai plant, and children also get stimulation in aspects of physical development motor.

EFEITOS DA INTERVENÇÃO FISIOTERAPÊUTICA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO NEUROPSICOMOTOR DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES DIAGNOSTICADOS COM TRANSTORNO DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by changes in movement, communication, social interaction and behavior. These changes can result in motor and functional limitations that harm the physical and mental development of affected children. Pourpose: To investigate the effects of physiotherapeutic intervention on motor, cognitive and behavioral development, analyze physiotherapeutic interventions and describe the effectiveness of physiotherapy in this context. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive literature review with a qualitative approach, with a search in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar, Periódicos Capes between 2015 and 2024. Intervention studies in children and adolescents diagnosed with ASD at the level 1 to 3, of both sexes, who received physiotherapeutic treatment, available in full for consultation in scientific databases. Results: 67 articles were identified in the databases, of which eight were selected for detailed analysis. These studies, which involved 91 children and adolescents with ASD, the average age of 8 years, showed that approaches such as rhythmic activities, multimodal physiotherapy and sensory integration improve coordination, socialization and motor skills. The interventions promote advances in speech, attention and balance, highlighting the potential of these practices in the motor and social development of children with ASD. Conclusion: Physiotherapy, when using specific techniques to stimulate motor, cognitive, proprioceptive and socio-affective aspects, showed positive results in the treatment of children and adolescents with ASD, improving motor proficiency, social interaction and the practice of physical activities.

Biomechanics of Parkinson’s Disease with Systems Based on Expert Knowledge and Machine Learning: A Scoping Review

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can present several biomechanical alterations, such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, and gait alterations. The Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) has a good reputation for uniformly evaluating motor and non-motor aspects of PD. However, motor clinical assessment depends on visual observations, which are mostly qualitative, with subtle differences not recognized. Many works have examined evaluations and analyses of these biomechanical alterations. However, there are no reviews on this topic. This paper presents a scoping review of computer models based on expert knowledge and machine learning (ML). The eligibility criteria and sources of evidence are represented by papers in journals indexed in the Journal Citation Report (JCR), and this paper analyzes the data, methods, results, and application opportunities in clinical environments or as support for new research. Finally, we analyze the results’ explainability and the acceptance of such systems as tools to help physicians, both now and in future contributions. Many researchers have addressed PD biomechanics by using explainable artificial intelligence or combining several analysis models to provide explainable and transparent results, considering possible biases and precision and creating trust and security when using the models.

The role of Yoga in Preventing Lifestyle Disorders among Children

This article is meant to deal with stress, sedentary lifestyle and keep oneself happy because today's lifestyle is causing many types of diseases and these diseases are increasing rapidly in children. On an average, 60% of children are suffering from overweight/obesity. Many have at least one additional risk factor for cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure, or hyperinsulinemia. Yoga is a medium through which you can stay healthy and happy. Yoga gives you the strength to fight physical diseases, heals your mental health and helps in developing and strengthening the self. and it also has a positive effect on motor, physical, cognitive and social aspects. Surya Namaskar should be done to improve the current life style in children and it helps in improving the physical and mental health of children and also Surya Namaskar is effective in pulmonary functions, respiratory pressure, handgrip strength, endurance and cardiovascular diseases.

A Systematic Review of the Influence of Aquatic Exercises on the Physical and Psychological Health of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show significant motor deficits and behavioral dysfunctions, as part of their clinical manifestations. Also, these children are facing important difficulties in social learning, which negatively impacts their adjustment to society’s requirements. Apart from other modes of exercise, aquatic exercises may be more attractive to children. Aquatic exercises have been shown to have a beneficial effect on gross motor skills and executive functions in children with ASD. Aim: To study the influence of aquatic exercises on the physical and psychological health of children with ASD. Methods: Researchers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Researchers looked for articles on PubMed, Google Scholar, and by manual search. Searched articles were screened for relevancy. Potential articles were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Out of the 231 articles, four studies were included in the current systematic review. The age of participants ranged from 3−15 years. Overall, included studies found improvements in various aspects of gross motor and executive functions by aquatic exercise in children with ASD. Conclusion: Aquatic exercises can provide health benefits to children with ASD. Aquatic exercises can be useful as a part of therapy in children with ASD. There is wide scope for further studies to evaluate the beneficial effects of aquatic exercises.

The Efficacy of Neuromodulation, Interventional Treatment and Unconventional Therapies in the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic debilitating multisystem neuropathic pain disorder. It is characterized by continuous pain, usually out of proportion to any known tissue injury, vasomotor changes, sudomotor or edema, and motor or trophic changes. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of neuromodulation, interventional, and unconventional treatments for CRPS. The primary focus is pain reduction, assessed through various scales, with secondary outcomes examining effects on autonomic, sensory, motor, and psychological aspects, and quality of life. PubMed, Cochrane Library, MDPI, and ScienceDirect databases were thoroughly searched using our detailed search strategy and relevant literature compiled. Articles were assessed using our eligibility criteria and quality appraisal tools. All types of study designs were considered. Initially, 463 articles were identified; after a thorough assessment, 23 articles comprising 2307 patients were shortlisted. Neuromodulation interventions, specifically Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) and Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) demonstrated statistically significant pain reduction (43-82% and up to 70%, respectively). Both modalities demonstrate improvement in secondary outcomes and quality of life. Interventional interventions, specifically nerve blockade ranging from sympathetic, stellate ganglion, and regional nerve blocks, all demonstrate varying levels of efficacy on measured pain and secondary outcomes. Unconventional: Botulinum toxin injections through multiple delivery systems demonstrated varying levels of efficacy in treating pain and improving secondary outcomes. In conclusion, DRG stimulation and SCS, nerve blockade, and botulinum toxin all display promise in alleviating symptoms of CRPS. Definite conclusions were not made due to a lack of clinical trial data, and longer multi-year follow-up is recommended.

Temporal error monitoring: Does agency matter?

Error monitoring is the ability to report one's errors without relying on feedback. Although error monitoring is investigated mostly with choice tasks, recent studies have discovered that participants parametrically also keep track of the magnitude and direction of their temporal, spatial, and numerical judgment errors. We investigated whether temporal error monitoring relies on internal generative processes that lead to the to-be-judged first-order timing performance. We hypothesized that if the endogenous processes underlie temporal error monitoring, one can monitor timing errors in emitted but not observed timing behaviors. We conducted six experiments to test this hypothesis. The first two experiments showed that confidence ratings were negatively related to error magnitude only in emitted behaviors, but error directionality judgments of observed behaviors were more precise. Experiment 3 replicated these effects even after controlling for the motor aspects of first-order timing performance. The last three experiments demonstrated that belief of agency (i.e., believing that the error belongs to the self or someone else) was critical in accounting for the confidence rating effects observed in the first two experiments. The precision of error directionality judgments was higherin thenon-agency condition. These results show that confidence is sensitive to belief, and short-long judgment is sensitive to the actual agency of timing behavior (i.e., whether the behavior was emitted by the self or someone else).

Teachers’ views on Physical Education training in the 1970s-1980s

This study aimed at understanding the impact of tensions in Physical Education during the 1970s and 1980s on the perception of teachers at the Escola de Educação Física e Desportos / EEFD (School of Physical Education and Sports) of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro about the purpose and conceptions in dispute in the area. Through the analysis of documents and oral sources, the results reveal that, although there was evidence of an education predominantly focused on motor, sporting, and physical fitness aspects at the EEFD, there were different competing representations of teaching identity at the institution.

An Analysis of the Implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Inclusive Schools in East Lombok Regency

This research aims to analyse the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in inclusive schools in East Lombok Regency. Considering the large number of people with disabilities in this area, this research explores the challenges faced by teachers in interactions with students, understanding the curriculum, as well as available resources. Qualitative descriptive research method was used, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of research on the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in inclusive schools in East Lombok show a significant positive impact on the development of inclusive students, especially in the aspects of communication, motor, cognitive, and independent ability. This success was influenced by the teacher's understanding in implementing differentiated learning and support from special inclusion teachers. However, there are still challenges, such as limited resources and training, as well as a learning culture that is not yet inclusive. To increase the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum in inclusive schools, ongoing training, development of individual learning plans, and improvement of facilities are needed. Supports from the government, schools, and community are critical to long-term success. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of a sustainable and responsive inclusive education environment in East Lombok.

Associations between physical activity and development in preschool-aged children born

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on development (motor, cognitive, social-emotional) in children 4–5 years old born <30 weeks’ gestation, and to describe subgroups of children at risk...

Effect of Fresnel prism in small-angle esotropia (≤ 20 prism diopters) with fixation preference.

We aimed to investigate the effects of Fresnel prism treatment for small-angle esotropia (≤ 20 prism diopters [PD]) with fixation preference. We included 32 patients with remaining esotropia ≤ 20 PD measured using the simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) after full refractive error correction. Fresnel prism was applied to make patients orthotropic with glasses. Treatment was discontinued if remaining esotropia ≤ 4 PD was sustained during two consecutive follow-ups (2-month intervals) or if the angle continued to increase with prism adaptation. Patients were divided into treatment success and failure groups. Treatment success was defined by motor and visual acuity (VA) aspects. Criteria for motor success was residual esotropia ≤ 8 PD in patients with initial esotropia > 8 PD and a 30% decrease of esotropia in those with initial esotropia ≤ 8 PD. VA success was improvement of > 0.2 logMAR in the non-dominant eye. The initial esodeviation angle was 6.92 ± 4.66 PD at distance and 10.53 ± 5.58 at near. The logMAR VA was 0.10 ± 0.13 and 0.26 ± 0.20 in the dominant and non-dominant eye, respectively. Among the 32 patients, 14 showed motor success. Among 26 patients whose VA could be measured, 15 showed VA success. Factors influencing motor success were a small amount of maximum prescribed Fresnel prism, less frequent need for Fresnel prism adaptation, and high percentage of achieving orthotropia with Fresnel prism treatment. VA success was influenced by low frequency of anisometropia and the small amount of maximum prescribed Fresnel prism. Fresnel prism could be a non-invasive treatment option for some patients with small-angle esotropia with fixation preference. What is known The optimal approach for addressing small-angle esotropia is a topic of debate. Not much research has been conducted on Fresnel prism treatment in patients with small-angle esotropia. What is new Motor success and visual acuity improvement were observed in some patients undergoing Fresnel prism treatment. Factors contributing to motor success were the small maximum angle of esodeviation, the less frequent necessity for Fresnel prism adaptation, and the achievement of orthotropia during Fresnel prism treatment. Visual acuity improvement was hindered by the presence of anisometropia and thelarge maximum prescribed amount of Fresnel prism. Fresnel prism treatment can be used as a treatment option for some patients with small-angle esotropia with fixation preference.

The Role of KKN-University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Students in Boro Village to Improve Education in Children Through Various Activities Such as Fun Games, Finger Painting, and Spiritual Learning

The Integrated Community Service Program (KKN-T) of Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo in Boro Village aims to improve the quality of children's education through various creative and educational approaches. This program involves several key activities, such as fun games, finger painting, and spiritual learning, designed to develop children's cognitive, motor, and spiritual aspects. The fun games are aimed at enhancing children's social and motor skills, finger painting focuses on fostering creativity and fine motor skills, while spiritual learning is intended to strengthen their religious understanding and moral values. The method used is a participatory approach, where students collaborate directly with the local community in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the activities. The results of this program show increased participation and motivation of children in learning, both academically and non-academically