Motor Abilities Of Children Research Articles

Impaired fine motor skills in children following extraction of a dense congenital or infantile unilateral cataract

To evaluate fine motor ability in children treated for unilateral congenital or infantile cataract. Twenty-three children 3-13years of age who were treated for unilateral congenital or infantile cataract and 38 age-similar control children were enrolled. Children completed five fine motor skills tasks (unimanual dexterity, bimanual dexterity, drawing trail, aiming, catching) from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. Raw scores were converted into standardized scores, with higher scores indicating better performance. Compared with controls, children treated for unilateral cataract scored lower on drawing trail (P=0.009), aiming (P=0.009), and catching (P<0.001) but not on unimanual (P=0.77) or bimanual dexterity (P=0.31). Poorer affected eye visual acuity was moderately related to poorer performance for unimanual dexterity (r=-0.47; P=0.025), bimanual dexterity (r=-0.50; P=0.014), and catching (r=-0.41; P=0.051). Those with a poor visual outcome (>0.6 logMAR) had worse performance than those with a good visual outcome (≤0.6 logMAR) for all tasks (all P values, 0.008-0.09) except aiming. Cataract type (congenital, 9; infantile, 14) and sensory fusion by Worth 4-Dot testing at 33cm (pass, 10; fail, 13) had no effect on fine motor performance (all P values, 0.12-0.98). In our study cohort, fine motor deficits were found in children treated for congenital or infantile unilateral cataract.

Developmental Coordination Disorder in Chinese Children Is Correlated With Cognitive Deficits.

Cognitive deficits have been commonly observed in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), including memory, attention, and executive function difficulties. The present study evaluates the specific cognitive deficits in Chinese children with DCD, through a number of tests. A total of 401 children aged 7 to 10 years old from primary schools in Guangdong Province, China, participated in this study. Using the guidelines of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (“Movement ABC-2”), a measurement tool of motor function ability, the children were divided into a DCD group, a group identified as being at risk of DCD, and a normal control group. The results of our analysis revealed that children’s overall motor abilities could predict their overall cognitive ability, reaction time, memory, and attention. The performance of the DCD children was worse than that of the other two groups in terms of reaction time. The DCD group also returned lower scores for executive function than the normal control group did. A regression analysis showed that the cognitive deficits in children with DCD center mainly on poor executive function rather than attention and memory issues. These findings provide preliminary results regarding the cognitive deficits in Chinese children with DCD and have potential applications for the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Melalui Metode Senam Fantasi

This research was conducted based on findings in the field regarding the gross motor abilities of children in A Muharram group that have not been optimal. It is necessary to find the appropoate method to develope their gross motoric skills. Gross motoric skill development is very important for early childhood because it can affect their future. One of various ways to develop their motoric skills is through fantasy gymnastic method. This study aims to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years through fantasy gymnastic methods. The method used is a classroom action research method. The subjects of this study were nine children aged 4-5 years of Muharram group consisting of five boys and four girls in early childhood education of Bina Bangsa Islamic School of Serang. The data collection techniques are conducted through interviews and observations using designed form of interview and observation sheets. The data analysis techniques used interactive model by Miles and Huberman. The percentage result obtained from the pre cycle was 34,70% (bad), then increased in cycle I to be 62,80% (good) and then in cycle II to be 87,50% (very good). It can be concluded that the fantasy gymnastic method can improve gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years of early childhood education of Bina Bangsa Islamic School of Serang. The result propose the use of gymnastic and other method to be used in the other aspects of motoric development.

Immediate Effect of Vertibrace Dynamic Orthosis on Gross Motor Function in a Child with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study

Children with spastic cerebral palsy usually display a decline in their gross motor functional abilities as compared to their peers of the same chronological age. Orthosis has been used widely to manage spasticity, prevent contractures, maintain the range of motion and improve motor function. The purpose of the study was to see the immediate effect of Vertibrace Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis on gross motor function abilities of a child with spastic cerebral palsy. A child with spastic cerebral palsy level I on gross motor function classification system was selected to wear the Vertibrace Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis. Gross motor abilities were assessed before and afterwearing the orthosis using the gross motor function measure. Vertibrace Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis showed an immediate improvement in the gross motor abilities by 3% in the child with spastic cerebral palsy with regard to kneeling, walking, running and jumping. Hence, Vertibrace Dynamic Orthosis can be prescribed for enhancement of gross motor abilities in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Further randomized control research about the effects of Vertibrace Dynamic Ankle Foot Orthosis is recommended by assessing a larger number of subjects and evaluating different variables.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK MELALUI BERMAIN DENGAN MEDIA HULAHOOP PADA ANAK KELOMPOK B PAUD AL-SYAFAQOH KABUPATEN REJANG LEBONG

The problem in this research is whether through the activity of playing with media hula hoop can improve motor abusive ability of child. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research is to develop gross motor skills in the jumping of children on the strength and balance effects on the group B children in PAUD Al-Syafaqoh Rejang Lebong District. This study proved that playing with hula hoop media can improve the development of gross motor abilities of children. Evidenced by the increase of Rough Motor Capacity in children, seen in the first cycle meeting I on the aspect of strength and balance aspects of the average value reached 2.27 with the criteria Enough, then in cycle II The third meeting reached 4.3 with the criteria Good.

23MODELING A GENETIC RISK FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA: PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN HUMAN NEURAL PRECURSORS AND CEREBRAL ORGANOIDS FROM PATIENTS WITH CHR16P13.11 MICRODUPLICATIONS

To evaluate fine motor ability in children treated for unilateral congenital or infantile cataract.Twenty-three children 3-13 years of age who were treated for unilateral congenital or infantile cataract and 38 age-similar control children were enrolled. Children completed five fine motor skills tasks (unimanual dexterity, bimanual dexterity, drawing trail, aiming, catching) from the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2. Raw scores were converted into standardized scores, with higher scores indicating better performance.Compared with controls, children treated for unilateral cataract scored lower on drawing trail (P = 0.009), aiming (P = 0.009), and catching (P < 0.001) but not on unimanual (P = 0.77) or bimanual dexterity (P = 0.31). Poorer affected eye visual acuity was moderately related to poorer performance for unimanual dexterity (r = −0.47; P = 0.025), bimanual dexterity (r = −0.50; P = 0.014), and catching (r = −0.41; P = 0.051). Those with a poor visual outcome (>0.6 logMAR) had worse performance than those with a good visual outcome (≤0.6 logMAR) for all tasks (all P values, 0.008-0.09) except aiming. Cataract type (congenital, 9; infantile, 14) and sensory fusion by Worth 4-Dot testing at 33 cm (pass, 10; fail, 13) had no effect on fine motor performance (all P values, 0.12-0.98).In our study cohort, fine motor deficits were found in children treated for congenital or infantile unilateral cataract.

KEEFEKTIFFAN PERMAINAN ENGKLEK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK USIA DINI

This research was aimed at 1) measuring the learning result of the early childhood's motor ability between pretest and posttest, 2) analyzing the effectiveness of engklek game in the development of gross motor ability for the early childhood; 3) describing the children's responses on engklek game in the development of gross motor ability for the early childhood. This research applied experimental design with one group pretest posttest design in answering the problem statements of the research. The location of the research was in RA Manbaul Ma'arif. The data analysis technique used to calculate the research result was t-test. The research result shows that the result of gross motor ability is improved after being given the treatment through engklek game. Engklek game is effective in improving the children's hard motor ability. It is proven by the fact that most of the children are in the criteria of Starting to Develop when pretest was conducted and the criteria of Developed Excellently after the posttest was conducted. In addition, the traditional game especially engklek received the positive response from the early childhood to be applied in the learning.

Relationship between Spasticity and Motor Abilities in Children with Hemiplegia

AbstractBackground: Children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy have limited activities of daily living, such as dressing, feeding, and functional mobility, due to problems of the upper limb and hand function. Their gait pattern is characterized by lower speed and lower single stance time in the most compro-mised limb, as well as reduced step length and limb asymmetry.Aim of Study: To determine if there is a correlation between fine and gross motor abilities of hemiplegic children and their spasticity grade.Methods: Eleven hemiplegic cerebral palsy children with mild and moderate spasticity were recruited from physical therapy outpatient clinic Cairo University and Abo-Elreesh Hospital; each child was assessed using Gross Motor Function Measure, Modified Ashwarth Scale and Manual Ability Clas-sification System.Results: There was no significant correlation between the spasticity grade and motor scales.Conclusion: This article shows that the spasticity grade is not the main factor that affects gross and fine motor abilities of hemiplegic children.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI PERMAINAN BOLA BESAR DI TK ISLAM NUSANTARA

Rough motor skills are the ability of the body to use large muscles, which involves the whole body such as the muscle activity of the hands and feet in locomotor, non locomotor and manipulative action. One of the activities that can be used is through big ball game.Based on the result of pre-research analysis, the percentage of gross motor ability of children is 27%, cycle 1 is 41%, while at the end of cycle 2 the percentage of gross motor ability improvement of children is 97%. This research is shown to be seen from the change of motor ability of roughly very good class in cycle 2. It can be seen that children are already able to develop rough motor movement through various media with balance, flexibility, children able to train the muscles of the hands and feet, the coordination of foot and eyes, and hand and eye coordination. In the process of learning, children now look very enthusiastic. As has been stated in the interpretation of the results of analysis that this research is said to succeed if there is a minimum increase of 75%. So at the end of this 2nd cycle of research is said to be very successful because the percentage of increase obtained to 97%. This exceeds the minimum limit set by researchers and collaborators. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the rough motor skills of children aged 5-6 years in Islamic Nursery Kindergarten by using a large ball game increased and the results of the process of great ball game improvement is very good.

Associations of motor abilities with biological, sociodemographic, and behavioural factors in children: results from the ToyBox study

In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association of selected basic motor abilities with biological (sex, age, and BMI), sociodemographic [socio-economic status (SES), migration status], and behavioural factors (membership of sport club) in children aged 3–6 years. We performed two motor tests, jumping from side to side (JSS) and standing long jump (SLJ) along with the anthropometric measurements in 1598 children (age 4.6 ± 0.70 years; 51% boys) from 58 kindergartens in Germany. GEE models were applied to examine cross-sectional associations between motor abilities and biological, sociodemographic, and behavioural factors. Age was significant positively related to both tests, JSS (p < 0.001) and SLJ (p < 0.001). Boys reached significantly better results in SLJ (p < 0.001) but not in JSS. Children being member of a sport club performed better than those who were not (SLJ: p < 0.001, JSS: p < 0.001). BMI was inversely related to SLJ (p = 0.014) and tended to be inversely related to JSS (p = 0.64). No significant associations of migration background or SES with motor abilities were found. When designing effective promotion and teaching strategies targeting children’s motor abilities, information on age and gender differences should be taken into account. Preschool children may benefit from being member in sport clubs. Lower scores of motor abilities in children with higher BMI underline the importance to act early in childhood for prevention.

Distribution and motor ability of children with cerebral palsy in Scotland: a registry analysis

Cerebral palsy is the commonest long-term physical disability in children with a prevalence of between 1.77 and 2.11/1000 live births. In 2013, the Cerebral Palsy Integrated Pathway Scotland (CPIPS) surveillance programme was introduced in all 14 Health Boards in Scotland and provides a standardised musculoskeletal examination of the spine and lower limbs. The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence, subtypes, motor classification and motor ability of children with cerebral palsy in Scotland. The family/carer's postal address, the child's neurological classification, motor subtypes, Gross Motor Functional Classification (GMFCS) Level and Functional Mobility Scale of 1972 children at first registration in CPIPS 2013-2018 were analysed. Their mean age at first assessment was 7.6 years. There was an overall prevalence of cerebral palsy in Scotland of 2.02/1000. GMFCS levels and Functional Mobility Scale data and prevalence were reported by Health Board and were comparable to that reported elsewhere. For the first time, data are available on the motor abilities of the total population of children with cerebral palsy in Scotland. This information will be highly relevant to resource management of current and future motor needs of these children.

Relation between Motor and Cognitive Skills in Italian Basketball Players Aged between 7 and 10 Years Old.

There is evidence supporting a correlation between motor, attention and working memory in children. This present study focuses on children aged between 7 and 10 years, who have been playing basketball in the last two years. The aim of this study is to verify the correlation between cognitive and motor abilities and to understand the importance of this correlation in basketball practice. A total of 75 children who were 7.2–10.99 years old were assessed in terms of their attention, motor manual sequences and visuo-spatial working memory. A regression analysis was provided. In this sample, the motor abilities of children were found to be correlated with attention (denomination task, R2 = 0.07), visuo-spatial working memory (R2 = 0.06) and motor manual sequencing (aiming and catching task, R2 = 0.05; and manual dexterity task, R2 = 0.10). These correlations justify the suggestion to introduce deeper cognitive involvement during basketball training. The development of executive functions could have an important impact on basketball practice and the introduction of attention and memory tasks could help coaches to obtain optimal improvement in performance during the training sessions.

Motor abilities in 182 children treated for idiopathic clubfoot: a comparison between the traditional and the Ponseti method and controls.

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine motor abilities in children treated for idiopathic clubfoot with either the traditional extensive surgery method or the Ponseti method, and compare their motor skills with a control group without clubfoot.MethodsA total of 89 children treated according to the traditional method (mean age 9.0 years, 7 to 10) and 93 treated ad modum Ponseti (mean age 8.8 years, 7 to 10) were recruited from a multicentre clinical study in Norway. A total of 45 age-matched children without clubfoot were recruited from a nearby school. They were all assessed with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition (MABC-2), which evaluates motor performance. We applied Analysis of Covariance for comparison of the two treatment methods and adjusted for gender, laterality, comorbidity, achillotomy or more extended surgery, physiotherapy and the age when the child walked independently.ResultsWe found no significant difference in any of the various components or the total score of the MABC-2 between patients treated with the two different methods. In all, 76% of the children treated according to the traditional method and ad modum Ponseti, and 96% in the control group, respectively, were classified as having normal motor abilities.ConclusionAbout three-quarters of children aged nine years and treated for idiopathic clubfoot had normal motor abilities. We found similar results in patients treated with the traditional method and the Ponseti method.Level of EvidenceII

Cognitive predictors of sequential motor impairments in children with dyslexia and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

ABSTRACTThis study examined cognitive predictors of sequential motor skills in 215 children with dyslexia and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Visual working memory and math fluency abilities contributed significantly to performance of sequential motor abilities in children with dyslexia (N = 67), ADHD (N = 66) and those with a comorbid diagnosis (N = 82), generally without differentiation between groups. In addition, primary diagnostic features of each disorder, such as reading and inattention, did not contribute to the variance in motor skill performance of these children. The results support a unifying framework of motor impairment in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia and ADHD.

An evaluation of the Movement ABC-2 Test for use in Italy: A comparison of data from Italy and the UK

BackgroundThe standardized test within the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (MABC-2) is used worldwide to assess motor problems in children. Ideally, any country using a test developed in another country should produce national norms to ensure that it functions effectively in the new context. AimThe first objective of this study was to explore the differences in motor performance between Italian and British children. The second was to examine the structural validity of the test for the Italian sample. MethodA total of 718 Italian (IT) and 765 British (UK) children, aged 3–10 years, were individually tested on the age-appropriate items of the MABC-2 Test. ResultsDevelopmental trends emerged on every task and differences between IT and UK children were obtained on 11 of 27 task comparisons. Interactions between age and country indicated that differences were not consistently in favor of one culture. Confirmatory factor analysis generally supported the proposed structure of the MABC-2 Test. ConclusionAlthough the differences between the IT and the UK children were relatively few, those that did emerge emphasize the need for population specific norms and suggest that cultural diversity in motor experiences should be considered when evaluating motor abilities in children.

The Relationship between Planter Arch and Motor Ability in Children Aged 0 to 12

The Relationship between Planter Arch and Motor Ability in Children Aged 0 to 12

Uticaj tradicionalnih dečjih pokretnih igara sa pevanjem na motorički razvoj predškolske dece

In this paper, the authors present their research conducted with the aim of exploring the effects of programmed physical exercise - traditional song and dances on basic motor development of preschool children. The authors conducted a small research with a suitable sample of 43 preschool children (chronological age 6) divided into two groups - experimental and control. After the initial testing, programmed physical exercises were started in the experimental group and were conducted over a period of nine weeks, twice a week, 35-40 minutes per class, from the beginning of May 2016 till the end of July 2016. Programmed physical exercise contained the following tradicitional song and dances: 'Kolariću, paniću', 'Ringe, ringe, raja', 'U šumicizekaspi', 'I okolo se lata', 'Ide majkakolom, dvorom', 'Berem, beremgrožđe', 'Prolazite, prolazite', 'Lasteprolaste'. The program was designed in accordance with the age characteristics of children, the specificities of the group and the technical equipment available in the kindergarten. The program of practicing traditional children's dances was conducted through three main parts of class activities (introductory-preparatory, main and final part). The results achieved on final testing of children's motor abilities showed that the effects of practicing traditional children's song and dances had a positive effect on and contributed to the progress of motor development of children in the experimental group. In addition, the results obtained lead to the conclusion that the very nature of Serbian traditional children's song and dances, i.e. the agility and body movements they are based on, guarantees that application of traditional dances in kindergarten, with preschool children, will have a positive effect on children's motor development.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Halus Anak Melalui Kegiatan Menempel di Kelompok Bermain

Childhood is the most crisis period in the growth and development of human life both in terms of physical and emotional. At this time the child's character begins to be formed and will continue to grow and will be attached to him to adulthood. Therefore, since the early child needs to be taught character education and life skills are right so that someday the child becomes a qualified human being independent and good moral. In early childhood learning should be packaged in the form of games according to the age of the child, early childhood is the age of play, therefore, learning situations, procurement and organizing learning means should be designed for learning activities while playing. (Life-oriented Life Skills Guidelines). The problem that we face in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti is the lack of children's room to play and the children's play facilities are very limited / minimal, so that the motor lesson and motor lesson in children less than the maximum. This study aims to identify and describe matters related to improving the fine motor ability of children in the learning process through attached activities in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects of this study were students of KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon, amounting to 18 people. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, field note and documentation study. This classroom action research procedure is carried out in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results showed that in the first cycle, there are still students who do not meet the criteria of the indicators conducted by the tutor, so it can be said as a weakness encountered in the implementation of the first cycle action, while in cycle II students are very active to hear the teacher explanation. Very active in question is that students can follow the teacher's explanation well so that what is assigned can be done well. Thus it can be concluded that with the sticking activity can improve the fine motor skills of early childhood in KB Mawar FKIP Unpatti Ambon.

339 Outcome of Tibial Selective Motor Fasiculotomy in the Management of Equinovarus Deformity Due to Cerebral Palsy (A Prospective Cohort Study in 14 Children)

Abstract INTRODUCTION Tibial Selective Motor fasiculotomy involves ablation of hyperexcitable tibial nerve fasicles, which help in reduction of spasticity in ankle plantr flexors METHODS This prospective cohort study included 14 children with cerebral palsy, age ranging from 5–18 (mean 10.21) years and M: F ratio is 5:1 having spasticity in the lower limbs. All the children were assessed pre and post operatively by Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Selective Voluntary Control (SVC) grade and locomotor Abilities (kneel walking, squat to stand, standing and walking). Tibial SMF was performed (n = 23) for relief of spasticity in ankle plantar flexors in 14 children and were followed for a mean of 30 (6-60) months. All the children were given physical therapy pre and post operatively. RESULTS &gt;During a mean follow up (30 months) there was statistically significant reduction in spasticity (MAS, P &lt; 0.005) from1.92 to 0.31 in ankle plantar flexors. Pre and post operative SVC grade also improved from 2.65 to 3.35 in ankle plantar flexors (p &gt; 0.005). There were no complications and spasticity did not recur during follow up. 9 children required Z plasty simultaneously to relieve the contracture. CONCLUSION The Tibial SMF of tibial nerves significantly relieves spasticity in the ankle plantar flexors and thereby improves SVC equinous deformity and motor abilities in children having cerebral palsy. It is quite a safe procedure and the spasticity does not recur during a mean follow up of 30 months.

Disentangling the relationship between children's motor ability, executive function and academic achievement.

Even though positive relations between children’s motor ability and their academic achievement are frequently reported, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Executive function has indeed been proposed, but hardly tested as a potential mediator. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the mediating role of executive function in the relationship between motor ability and academic achievement, also investigating the individual contribution of specific motor abilities to the hypothesized mediated linkage to academic achievement. At intervals of ten weeks, 236 children aged between 10 and 12 years were tested in terms of their motor ability (t1: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, motor coordination), core executive functions (t2: updating, inhibition, shifting), and academic achievement (t3: mathematics, reading, spelling). Structural equation modelling revealed executive function to be a mediator in the relation between motor ability and academic achievement, represented by a significant indirect effect. In separate analyses, each of the three motor abilities were positively related to children’s academic achievement. However, only in the case of children’s motor coordination, the mediation by executive function accounted for a significance percentage of variance of academic achievement data. The results provide evidence in support of models that conceive executive function as a mechanism explaining the relationship that links children’s physical activity-related outcomes to academic achievement and strengthen the advocacy for quality physical activity not merely focused on health-related physical fitness outcomes, but also on motor skill development and learning.