Motivation For Participation Research Articles

Experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the malaria infection study in Thailand

BackgroundThailand has made significant progress in malaria control efforts in the past decade, with a decline in the number of reported cases. However, due to cross-border movements over the past 5 years, reported malaria cases in Thailand have risen. The Malaria Infection Study in Thailand (MIST) involves deliberate infection of healthy volunteers with Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites, and the assessment of the efficacy of potential vaccine and drug candidates in order to understand acquired protection against malaria parasites.MethodsThis paper drew from ethics and social science qualitative study called MIST-ETHICS embedded within the MIST studies. MIST-ETHICS aimed to describe and understand the experiences, perceptions and ethical considerations of the MIST studies. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion. A total of 46 participants participated in MIST-ETHICS .ResultsThree major themes emerged: experiences and perceptions of MIST, reasons for joining MIST, and ethical considerations. We found that although compensation was a motivation for participation, this was secondary to it being beneficial to self (health checks; link to health networks; building merit) and others (medical research contribution; altruism). Participants expressed varied opinions regarding the requirement of a university degree as one of the inclusion criteria for MIST.ConclusionsOur study revealed widespread concerns about long-term health effects and safety. Ethical considerations, including obtaining valid informed consent and ensuring participant inclusivitiy, were deem essential. Despite some debate regarding eligibility criteria, most participants agreed that the informed consent process was robust, accompanied by a strong sense of responsibility to contribute to the greater good. We emphasize the importance of continuously gathering participants’ feedback for quality control, such as improving information materials to clarify the purpose of initial phases, their contributing to later phases, and the rationale behind each selection criterion.Trial registrationThis manuscript is part of the clinical trials registered under ClinicalTrials.gov IDs NCT04083508 (MIST1) registered on 5 Sep 2019 and NCT05071079 (MIST2) registered on 28 July 2021. However, the manuscript pertains to a qualitative study that does not require trial registration.

Factors Influencing Pregnant Women's Participation in Randomised Clinical Trials in India: A Qualitative Study.

To explore factors affecting participation of pregnant women in randomised clinical trials in Belagavi, Karnataka, India. A qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions as data collection methods. Primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities and their community catchment areas in Belagavi district. Thirty-three in-depth interviews with health workers and previous participants of a pregnancy-focused trial, and 12 focus group discussions with currently pregnant women who had not previously participated in a clinical trial, family and community members, and accredited social health activists. Inductive thematic analysis with a team-based approach to interpretation in the study context. Pregnant women were often unable to distinguish between maternal health programmes and trial interventions. Among previous trial participants, expectations of higher quality care were a key motivation for trial participation. Household gendered power relations and trust in the health workforce influenced decisional dynamics regarding participation. Health workers vouched for trial safety, once they assessed the intervention as acceptable. Trial Implementation by the health workforce required understanding and navigating pregnancy-related beliefs and practices in communities. Anticipated health benefits, improved healthcare access, and trust in health workers are facilitators of trial participation. Engaging primary decision-makers is essential due to household gender dynamics. Trials must integrate strategies that clarify the distinct goals of research versus clinical care.

Stakeholder motivations for participation in partnerships for the SDGS: the case of Nigeria

Abstract Multi-stakeholder Partnership (MSP) as a policy instrument is institutionalised in SDG 17 as a participatory mechanism which, ideally, aims to realize participation of diverse stakeholders in the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the underlying 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. While there is a growing body of literature on overall success factors for MSPs, research on MSPs implementing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is lagging, particularly, when it comes to questions around participation and inclusiveness. The voluntary nature of MSPs suggest that stakeholders are motivated to participate due to overlapping interests and values. However, in the context of sub-Saharan Africa, there is a lack of comparable studies on stakeholder participation, particularly on the factors that motivate participation and the conditions under which stakeholders engage in MSPs within the domestic context. Therefore, this paper analyses the motivations behind stakeholder participation in MSPs within the context of SSA, using Nigeria as a case study. To achieve this, the study surveyed stakeholders who self-reported participation in 134 MSPs that were registered on the SDG Action platform and self-indicated project implementation in Nigeria. In addition, we conducted expert interviews and facilitated an expert workshop to gather further data on stakeholder motivations. The survey results are analysed using a relational values model. Based on the analysis, the study concludes with policy recommendations and suggestions for future research.

Getting small to feel big: the psychology of weight cutting in combat sports

This mini review explores the psychological factors associated with weight cutting practices among combat sport athletes. We overviewed combat sport athletes' extrinsic and intrinsic motivations for their sport participation and performance expectations and goals associated with weight cutting. Next, we reviewed the extant research on psychological risk factors associated with weight cutting with a particular focus on combat sport athletes' relationship with food, societal expectations concerning body image, and disordered eating. Finally, we examined how applying task-oriented strategies and Goal Attainment Theory aligns with combat sport athletes' motivation for sport participation. We called for further research into exploring how promoting gradual weight loss may promote psychological resilience with the goal of promoting healthier weight management strategies among combat sport athletes.

Motivation to Clinical Trial Participation: Health Information Distrust and Healthcare Access as Explanatory Variables and Gender as Moderator.

Background: There is significant underrepresentation in clinical trials across diverse populations. Less is known about how health system-related factors, such as relationships and trust, mediate the motivation for clinical trial participation. We aimed to investigate whether health system-related factors explain the association between sociodemographic factors and motivation for participation. Additionally, we explored whether the mediating effects differ by gender. Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey 2020 cycle-4 data. Motivation for clinical trial participation, assessed through eight items, was the outcome variable (range 1-4). Predictors included age, race, ethnicity, education, general health, and depression. The health system-related explanatory variables were health information distrust, having a regular provider, and the frequency of healthcare visits. Gender was the moderator. A structural equation model (SEM) was used for the overall and gender-stratified analyses. Results: Among the 3865 participants (mean [SE] age of 48.4 [0.53] years, 51.4% women, and 24.3% non-White), older age (β = -0.170; p < 0.001) and non-White race (β = -0.078; p < 0.01) were negatively associated, and higher education (β = 0.117; p < 0.001) was positively associated with motivation. Higher distrust (β = -0.094; p < 0.01) decreased motivation, whereas having a regular provider increased motivation (β = 0.087; p < 0.01). The gender-stratified SEM revealed that women, but not men, with higher distrust showed lower motivation (β = -0.121; p < 0.01), and men, but not women, with a regular healthcare provider showed higher motivation (β = 0.116; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study found that women with higher distrust showed lower motivation, while men with a regular healthcare provider demonstrated higher motivation. These gender differences highlight the need for tailored recruitment approaches that account for their distinct relationships with the health system.

Motivation and experiences of dentists of primary care dental clusters in Hungary: a qualitative inquiry.

In recent years, dental clusters and networks have been established in primary care in many countries to improve access to services for the population and develop cooperation between providers. In Hungary, the first dental clusters were established in 2021, and currently, one-third of dental practices have already joined a cluster. The study aimed to gather and analyze early experiences regarding the motivation of participation in primary care dental clusters and experiences of implementation. Qualitative in-depth individual interviews with primary care dentists (n = 21). The study was designed to meet the COREQ criteria for reporting qualitative research. The research team members defined a purposive sample of interviewees. All interviews were conducted from March to April 2024. A qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the interview transcripts. The WHO health system framework was chosen for the theoretical framework of the analysis. The motivations for joining a dental cluster were financial reasons, professional development and knowledge exchange. Lack of information and distrust were barriers to joining the dental clusters. Different professional management practices have developed within the clusters. In the interviewees' opinion, the population's access to preventive dental services has not yet changed substantially under the new operational model. The portfolio of services offered by dental clusters could be expanded to include a range of types of care. Digital health technologies and innovative solutions should be developed and widely adopted. In designing policy measures to promote the broader adoption of the dental cluster model, it is helpful to consider the different factors influencing dentists' decisions during implementation. Dental clusters can benefit the public and dentists, but further development of the model and improvement of the primary conditions for the operation of practices are essential.

Public awareness, attitudes, and motivation toward biobanks: a survey of China

BackgroundBiobanks are vital for advancing medical research, and public participation is a crucial determinant of their success. This study uses a survey to assess the awareness, attitudes, and motivation of the public in China with regard to participating in biobanks.MethodsWe conducted an online survey that yielded 616 responses from participants with diverse demographic backgrounds. The survey included questions on the respondents’ awareness of biobanks, their attitudes toward them, their preferences with regard to consent, and their concerns.ResultsThe results of the survey revealed that 57.95% of the respondents were aware of biobanks. Altruism was the respondents’ primary motivation for participation in biobanks. Their preferences for models of consent varied. The respondents raised concerns about the commercialization of biobanks (56.66%) and data privacy (55.84%). Notably, only 37.01% of the respondents were concerned about the risk of discrimination in biobanks, where this was lower compared with the results for populations in Western countries.ConclusionsThis study provides valuable insights into the Chinese public’s awareness of and attitudes toward biobanks. To foster public trust and enhance participation, biobanks should prioritize transparent and continual communication to ensure that the participants are well informed about the use and protection of the samples that they have donated. Future research should explore the influence of cultural nuances to develop strategies that address specific concerns and ethical challenges in the context of public participation in biobanks.

Harmonizing Cognitive and Psychosocial Needs in Cognitive Training: Lessons Learned from Piano Training in Persons Living with Mild Cognitive Impairment

ABSTRACT Objectives This qualitative study explored the potential of piano training as a holistic intervention to enhance both cognitive and emotional well-being. The study aims to detail the experiences of older adults living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a piano training program and recommend strategies to boost engagement. Methods Fourteen individuals (seven older adults with MCI and their family members) participated in individual semi-structured interviews before and after a 12-week group-based piano training program. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, open-coded, and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Results Participants with MCI reported improvements in mood, cognitive function, and social interaction. The learning process elicited mixed emotions, with both enjoyment and frustration occurring during the learning phases. Skill mastery and positive social interactions were crucial for sustained engagement throughout the program, although group settings sometimes led to negative self-comparisons. Conclusions Findings highlighted the need to address both cognitive and emotional needs in interventions for MCI. Neglecting these aspects can exacerbate feelings of low self-esteem and other negative emotions. Clinical implications Recommendations for cognitive training programs include positive reinforcement, personalized support, mental preparation for challenges, and rapport building to enhance participant motivation and adherence.

A co-designed health education model to improve outcomes for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties: a study of acceptability, feasibility and impacts

ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability and impacts of a co-designed health education model aiming to improve outcomes for children with emotional and behavioural difficulties.DesignQualitative focus group study.SettingSix primary schools from metropolitan...

The effect of exercise in virtual environment on psychological well-being and motivation for recreation participation

The effect of exercise in virtual environment on psychological well-being and motivation for recreation participation

Participation in The Good Council: Insights from a Private Mini-Public

This study investigates participation in the Good Council for Redistribution. This privately organized deliberative mini-public initiated by Austrian activist Marlene Engelhorn deliberated on wealth distribution and allocated her €25 million inheritance. The initiative lacked a democratic mandate and institutional ties, yet it attracted significant media attention and provided generous financial compensation to participants. Drawing on two surveys fielded before the start of the Good Council, the study examines who sought to take part and explores the motives for willingness to participate. Findings confirm sociodemographic biases in participation that could be mitigated in the statistical selection stage. Moreover, the study reveals differences in the relevance of motives that are linked to sociodemographic and attitudinal factors. The results suggest that understanding the motives for participation may contribute to enhancing representativeness and inclusiveness of deliberative mini-publics.

Understanding of Clinical Trials Among Patients With Cancer and Their Relatives.

Clinical trials are vital for advancing cancer treatments and improving patient outcomes. Understanding the factors that influence participants' decision-making is critical for enhancing trial recruitment. To evaluate the attitudes of patients with cancer and their relatives toward clinical trial participation, identifying key barriers and motivators that affect their willingness to engage in such trials. This cross-sectional survey study was conducted between April 2020 and April 2021. Face-to-face questionnaires were administered by physicians across 6 tertiary hospital medical oncology departments in Turkey. Adults with cancer and their relatives were recruited. Data were analyzed from April to December 2021. Participants' knowledge, perceptions, and motivations regarding clinical trial participation were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Participants' demographic information, their willingness to participate in clinical trials, their perceptions about the clinical trial participation, and the facilitators and barriers to participation. A total of 978 participants were surveyed, with a median (range) age of 52 (18-82) years; 485 (49.6%) were male and 479 (49.0%) female. Of these, 578 (59.1%) were patients with cancer and 382 (39.1%) family members. Prior clinical trial experience was reported by 174 participants (17.8%), and 428 (43.8%) expressed a willingness to participate in clinical trials. Participants well-informed about clinical trials showed higher willingness (50 of 87 [57.5%] very willing) compared with those with no knowledge (27 of 303 [8.9%] very willing) (χ2 = 275.095; P < .001). Greater willingness was observed in participants from less developed cities compared with the most developed cities (88 of 321 [27.4%] vs 94 of 615 [15.3%]; χ2 = 21.093; P < .001), in individuals with a high school degree or greater compared with those with less than a high school degree (105 of 489 [21.5%] vs 76 of 452 [16.8%]; χ2 = 33.311; P < .001), in those with monthly incomes above compared with below the poverty line (81 of 409 [19.8%] vs 100 of 512 [19.5%]; χ2 = 16.145; P = .003), in those without prior cancer treatment compared with those with prior cancer treatment (125 of 591 [21.2%] vs 40 of 289 [13.8%]; χ2 = 13.801; P = .008), and in participants with prior trial experience compared with those without (74 of 166 [44.6%] vs 111 of 786 [14.1%]; χ2 = 87.771; P < .001). Participants were motivated by potential personal health benefits (604 [61.8%]) and access to new treatments (522 [53.4%]). The primary concerns included potential adverse effects (555 [56.7%]), feeling like a "test subject" (284 [29.0%]), and the risk of receiving a placebo (197 [20.1%]). In this survey study of patients with cancer and their relatives, significant gaps in knowledge and persistent concerns about clinical trial safety were highlighted, impacting participation. Addressing these concerns through targeted education and transparent communication is essential for improving participation rates and ensuring more inclusive cancer research.

Engaging and supporting young adults in smoking cessation: Insights from a mobile-based cessation program in China.

Evidence-based smoking cessation treatments are underutilized by young adult smokers. This study explored young smokers' experiences with a mobile-based smoking cessation program that included a Quit & Win contest at a university in Zhuhai, China, aiming to identify key engagement and cessation mechanisms. Twenty participants (aged 18-25 years) were selected through purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews explored participants' experiences, motivations, and perceptions of the intervention. Thematic analysis was used to identify major themes from interview transcripts. Two main themes emerged: (1) strategies for enhancing program engagement, including the influence of campus-wide smoke-free environments, the appeal of the Quit & Win contest, and the use of peer counselors for recruitment; and (2) strategies for supporting smoking cessation, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach. This approach included financial incentives as a motivator for quitting, sustaining cessation efforts with online group support, and building a therapeutic alliance with cessation counselors. Mobile-based interventions, combined with peer support, financial incentives, and campus-wide smoke-free activities, can effectively engage young adults in smoking cessation. Future interventions should implement comprehensive programs that incorporate these elements to address the unique challenges faced by this population.

A novel virtual reality blowgun game for rehabilitation of older adults: A preliminary case series.

Three residents of a long-term care home volunteered to participate in a rehabilitation program involving a virtual reality blowgun game. The participants played the game 5 days a week as a new exercise routine. After 4 weeks of intervention, tongue pressure and forced expiratory volume in 1 s improved in all participants. In addition, the jaw-opening force and forced expiratory volume in 6 s improved in two participants. All three participants rated the virtual reality blowgun game as more enjoyable than their regular rehabilitation programs. Previous studies have shown that gamification can be useful in dysphagia rehabilitation. However, there are no previous reports describing the use of virtual reality in rehabilitation programs aimed at improving swallowing and respiratory functions in older adults while investigating participant motivation. The outcomes of the cases described herein suggest that such programs can be as effective as conventional expiratory training. Furthermore, gamification can enhance enjoyment, even in exercises designed to improve physical function. These cases indicate that the virtual reality blowgun game may effectively improve swallowing and respiratory functions in older adults while being enjoyable.

Joseph Needham's 'Motivations for Participation' and 'Major Roles' in the International Scientific Commission on Bacterial Warfare during the Korean War.

This paper analyzes the motivations of the British biochemist Joseph Needham for participating in 'the International Scientific Commission for the Investigation of the Facts Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and China (ISC)' and his major roles within it during the Korean War. Needham stayed in China for four years starting in 1942 as a scientific counselor and director of the British Scientific Mission in China, which enabled him to interact with many Chinese scientists and politicians. Surprisingly, during this period (1944), Needham conducted an investigation into the Japanese military's use of bacterial warfare. Through his personal records, Needham repeatedly stated that his experience with bacterial warfare research in 1944 was one of the most important reasons for his participation in ISC activities. In addition, Needham secretly but very actively sought to recruit other investigators within Britain. Needham repeatedly tried to persuade fellow professors at Cambridge University, William Thorpe and Vincent Wigglesworth, to be included in the investigation team. Although Needham had doubts about his own expertise in investigative activities, he actively expressed his desire to become a member of the investigative team through various channels. Primary documents show that he actively and voluntarily led the investigation activities after joining the team in professional discussions, document analysis, and witness interrogations. Needham's passion and sincerity demonstrated in internal meeting minutes dispel some misunderstandings that the investigation team's activities were limited to passively approving Chinese data.

Development of scales to measure class participation motivation and class satisfaction, and goal orientation of physical education major university students and analysis of relationships : Verification of mediating effects utilizing Bootstrapping method

Development of scales to measure class participation motivation and class satisfaction, and goal orientation of physical education major university students and analysis of relationships : Verification of mediating effects utilizing Bootstrapping method

Interest in Quitting and Utilizing Quitline Services Among Long-Term E-Cigarette Users

Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) contain fewer hazardous ingredients than traditional cigarettes, yet they still pose health hazards. This study evaluates experienced e-cig users’ quitting interest and Quitline utilization. Methods In a 2012 (Wave 1) baseline survey, 1875 (28.9%) provided consent consented to future study contact. This study focused on a follow-up survey sent in 2022 (4). The main indicators assessed were participants’ were participants awareness, willingness, and motivations to utilize Quitlines to quit e-cigs. The Penn State Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Dependence Index (PSECDI) was used to assess the level of dependence on e-cigs. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the outcomes of interest. Additionally, a thematic analysis was performed to evaluate qualitative data. Results Participants (n = 195) had a mean age of 52.4 (SD = 12.1) years, 64.6% (n = 126) were male, and the majority were Caucasian/White (88.2%, n = 172). About 42% (n = 82/195) of respondents had previously tried to quit e-cig use. Of these, more than half (63.4%, n = 52/82); had heard of Quitline; however, very few (9.8%, n = 8/82) were interested in utilizing Quitline services for assistance with quitting e-cigs. The themes that emerged included the impersonal nature of telephone counseling, lack of trust in external assistance, belief in participants’ ability to quit without help, and skepticism about the effectiveness of Quitline interventions. Conclusion There was widespread reluctance to utilize Quitline cessation services among experienced e-cig users. To enhance engagement in cessation programs, such as Quitline, it may be helpful to consider specialized counseling and support tailored to the unique challenges among e-cig users.

Exploring Esports game addiction among college students in multiplayer online battle arena: a quantitative model centered on self-control and motivation

PurposeWith the widespread popularity of Esports, Esports game addiction has attracted wide attention. This research explores the causes of Esports game addiction among college students in Mainland China and the influence of specific participation motivation and self-control on college students’ Esports game addiction.Design/methodology/approachThis research applied the organismic integration theory (OIT) instead of the basic psychological needs theory using Honor of Kings, the most popular Esports game in the form of multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) among Chinese college students. A total of 339 completed questionnaires were finally analyzed. SmartPLS 2.0 M3 was used to perform the PLS-SEM analysis on the relationship between self-control, participation motivation and Esports game addiction.FindingsOnly introjected regulation and a motivation positively impacted Esports game addiction, while intrinsic motivation, integrated regulation, identified regulation and external regulation had surprisingly no effect on Esports game addiction.Originality/valueScant studies have explored Esports game addiction in MOBA games, especially in Asia. Results showed that parents, schools and society should consciously strengthen the education and exercise of students’ self-control ability to prevent Esports game addiction. Game developers should appropriately adjust game structures and functions to prevent college students from using them as social tools or games to escape reality.

Analyzing how Cultivating Positive Emotions Like Joy, Hope, and Empathy can Motivate Individuals to Engage in Community Service and Social Activism

This study explores the role of positive emotions—joy, hope, and empathy—leading people into social action and community service. From the psychological theories of emotional motivation and prosocial behavior, the research is interested in how these emotions contribute to immediate and long-term involvement in causes. The survey-based quantitative approach included 300 adults involved in activism or community service. Measuring happiness, hope, and empathies, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule PANAS was used. A customized Likert scale survey elicited information on participant's motivation to participate in activism. The statistical techniques conducted were correlation, regression, and mediation analysis to observe that positive emotions showed an effect on the engagement towards activism (r = 0.75 for happiness, r = 0.68 for hope, r = 0.80 for empathy, p &lt; 0.01). Empathy mediated between joy/hope and long term activism; regression analysis indicated that empathy was most predictive of long term commitment (β = 0.30). Whereas joy and hope was the prime movers in short-term activism, it is in that aspect in which empathy actually made long-term participation truly stick together. This does empirically provide evidence to require emotional induction where induction of emotion of empathy seems to make a lot with social activism activation/maintenance at work. Implications: This is very important to nonprofit organizations, activists, as well as policymakers who might look to enhance social participation, as well as long-run dedication to social causes. Further emotional interventions should be researched further; other emotional conditions should be explored for effects in activism, and causal relations with longitudinal studies could be pursued.

From spectators to stewards: Transforming public involvement in natural history collections

A comprehensive overview of volunteer-driven public programs focused on activities to enhance natural history collections (NHCs) is provided. The initiative revolves around the WeDigBio events and the Collections Club at the Field Museum, aiming to deepen the public’s connection with scientific collections, enhance participatory science, and improve data associated with natural history specimens. The implementation and journey of these programs are outlined, including surveys conducted from 2015 through 2021 to gauge participant motivation, satisfaction, and the impact of these events on public engagement with NHCs. Results show trends in on-site and virtual volunteer participation over the years, especially during the peak period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of participants expressed high satisfaction, indicating a willingness to continue participating in similar activities. The surveys revealed a shift towards more altruistic motivations for participation over time, with increased emphasis on supporting the Field Museum and contributing to the scientific community. The success of participatory science events demonstrates the potential of volunteer-driven programs to contribute meaningfully to the preservation, digitisation, and understanding of biodiversity collections, ultimately transforming spectators into stewards of natural history. From 2015 to present participants celebrate a significant milestone, with over a thousand community scientists contributing to the inventorying, collection care, curation, databasing, or transcription of 286,071 specimens, objects or records. We also discuss accuracy and quality control as well as a checklist and recommendations for similar activities.