Motivational Issues Research Articles

Pupils’ beliefs about Norwegian Nynorsk: ‘I don’t believe we need to learn a second Norwegian language’

According to the national curriculum, Norwegian pupils are supposed to learn both official written Norwegian languages, Bokmål and Nynorsk, in school (1-13); one of the written languages as their so-called main written language and the other one as the alternative written language. At the end of lower secondary school (10th grade) and the end of upper secondary school (13th grade), most pupils get three individual grades in Norwegian as a school subject: written Bokmål, written Nynorsk and oral skills. The majority of pupils (more than 85%) have Bokmål as their main written language and Nynorsk as their alternative written language, and many pupils struggle with motivational issues when it comes to learning Nynorsk. In the present study, lower secondary pupils (10th graders) have been asked about their thoughts and beliefs before and after an intervention in the form of a language-history lecture by an external Nynorsk teacher and user (a researcher). The pupils wrote down their opinions and thoughts in class under the supervision of their teacher. These (anonymous) reflection notes were handed to the researcher who categorized and analysed them by trying to extract the overall ‘beliefs’ about Nynorsk from each text. Even though most pupils admit having learned a little from the intervention, the result is clear: a one-time intervention – even with a clear purpose and good arguments – is not enough to change the pupils’ opinion, attitudes or beliefs when it comes to Nynorsk as a second Norwegian language in school, and more fundamental changes in the educational system are needed. /Keywords: attitudes, beliefs, emotions, language learning, language policy, language teaching

The Impact of Coaching on Development of Transversal Skills: An Exploratory Study of Teacher Candidates in Kazakhstani Primary Education

In Kazakhstan, the development of future teachers' transversal skills is currently underemphasized in both curricula and basic educational programs. This gap poses a risk that many pedagogy graduates will lack essential transversal skills, thereby potentially reducing their effectiveness in their professional lives and hindering their career improvement. However, empirical data on the effectiveness of interventions, such as coaching, in enhancing transversal skills among future teachers are limited. This study aims to examine the impact of coaching interventions on enhancing transversal skills in future educators using a mixed methods approach. The experiment involved 100 participants and highlighted challenges such as limited knowledge of transversal skills, motivation issues in skill development, and difficulties in utilizing coaching technology effectively. However, the study findings reveal significant improvements in participants' transversal skills after implementing and testing an academic program designed for this purpose. These findings can serve as a basis for developing strategies to enhance transversal skills in university settings and inform the adaptation of educational programs focused on transversal skill development.

Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Pakat Melalui Model PBL pada Peserta Didik SD Santa Ursula BSD

This study aims to determine the improvement of learning motivation and affective outcomes in the dimensions of teamwork and critical thinking through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model among students at Santa Ursula BSD Elementary School. The research is based on the issues of low learning motivation, lack of student engagement in learning, and the need to enhance social skills within the context of Catholic Religious Education and Character Education. This study employs classroom action research, with steps including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection in each cycle. The research consists of two cycles conducted with third-grade students in Phase B at Santa Ursula BSD Elementary School, focusing on the subject "The Origins of Moses and His Works for His People" in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education. The research was carried out in September 2024.Data collection techniques included observation and learning motivation rubrics, as well as affective rubrics for the dimensions of teamwork and critical thinking. The data analysis used qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the first cycle showed an increase in learning motivation and student engagement, although the expected target was not yet achieved. In the second cycle, there was a significant improvement in both learning motivation and students' affective outcomes. The research demonstrated a 36% increase in motivation and student engagement in learning Catholic Religious Education. It is hoped that the PBL approach will create a more active and collaborative learning environment, in line with the objectives of the Merdeka Curriculum and the values in the Pancasila Student Profile.

Unlocking Potential: The Transformative Role of Gaming in Rural Higher Learning Institutions of South Africa - A Systematic Exploration

The aim of this study resonated with the pursuit of achieving enhanced engagement in teaching and learning that informs critical thinking, and knowledge retention among students. Despite the growing trend of technological integration in teaching and learning, however, there exists a lack of empirical evidence and comprehensive studies that investigate the effectiveness of gaming in promoting educational objectives within rural institution of higher learning in South Africa. To investigate this gap, a systematic review method was employed, which provides a comprehensive and logical analysis of existing literature on the significance of gaming in teaching and learning within rural institutions of higher education. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used in the study to enhance the rigor and transparency of the research process, by providing a solid foundation for synthesizing and interpreting existing literature relevant to the study. The systematic review findings revealed that the significance of gamification in teaching and learning in rural higher education lies in its ability to overcome accessibility challenges, provide personalized learning experiences, address motivation and retention issues, and enhance digital literacy. It was recommended that by incorporating gamified approaches, rural higher educational institutions can create a more inclusive, engaging, and effective learning environment for students within the rural institutions of higher learning in South Africa.

Revisit English Learner Autonomy Among Chinese Non-English Major Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown

As the primary and immediate learning context, schools are underrepresented in learner autonomy studies. Scholars’ concerns over the intricate nature of schools lead to inadequate attention on the medium of learner autonomy development. To fill this research gap, a convergent mixed method design included a self-developed questionnaire, and four semi-structured interviews were employed to examine the non-English major sophomores’ learner autonomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of quantitative and qualitative evidence yielded that between a public and a private university, there was a statistically significant difference in English as a foreign language (EFL)s’ motivation for autonomous learning during the COVID-19 lockdown. But other than the degree of motivation, no difference was captured regarding EFLs’ belief and knowledge of autonomous English learning, as well as their metacognitive knowledge. Overall, EFLs were confident about their capacity to do autonomous English learning but engaged in a few systematical autonomous English learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results, discussions over Chinese EFLs’ learner autonomy and possible explanations for the motivation differences are included. Pedagogy implications and limitations are elaborated on at the end. Plain Language Summary Using a mixed method design, this study reveals the English as a foreign language (EFL) learner autonomy and the role of schools in differentiating it, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The triangulation of quantitative and qualitative data yielded that despite mainfesting confidence in their capacity for autonomous learning, Chinese EFL learners did not engage in active, systematic autonomous language learning during the lockdowns. The motivation for autonomous English learning differed between universities, with learners from the less prestigious private University Qiu demonstrating more motivation than EFLs from the top public University Nan. The study contributes to understanding EFL learner autonomy during a challenging time of school lockdowns and their motivation issues. It highlights the discrepancy between learners’ self-reported autonomy and engagement in independent language learning. Additionally, it challenges the assumption that learners from prestigious universities would exhibit higher motivation for autonomous learning, showing that motivation can vary depending on the university context.

ELECTIVE COURSE AS A MEANS OF ASSESSING THE MOTIVATIONOF THE 9TH GRADE STUDENTS TO STUDY THE ENVIRONMENT

In modern pedagogy, special attention is paid to environmental education and the education of students. But the key problem of working in this direction is the need for a qualitative impact on the interests and motivation of students, which requires other means and methods of teaching. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of using an elective course to increase the interest and motivation of 9thgrade students to explore the environment. To achieve it, a number of methods of scientific cognition were used: they were the analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature on the research topic. Within the framework of the article, it was determined that the issues of interest and motivation are one of the key ones in modern pedagogical practice, and many teachers pay attention to them. This is due to the fact that it depends on the level of interest, on the level of motivation, how effectively students will learn the material and, more importantly, how effectively students' independent activities in mastering certain subjects at school will proceed. In order to determine the effectiveness of elective courses, an experiment was conducted in which the level of interest and motivation was measured before and after the elective course. The results showed a positive effect of the elective course on the level of interest and motivation of 9thgrade students to explore the environment both as part of the development of the school curriculum and as part of independent work.

Implementation of physical fitness learning model through play approach: how does it impact on Islamic school students of Madrasah Tsanawiyah?

Physical education is a compulsory content in the education curriculum under the ministry of religious affairs in Indonesia, especially for junior high school students. Learning to implement the curriculum launched by the government, however, the implementation of this curriculum still requires elaboration to be more operational and can be implemented in schools. The issue of low fitness, learning content and student motivation in physical education is still an operational concern. Creativity is needed so that physical education learning is quality, interesting and able to improve fitness in fun and quality learning. The purpose of seeing the implementation of game-based physical education learning for student fitness development. The research method taken is a type of quantitative research, namely quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre test-post test control group design. The research was conducted on 40 students with two groups. Experimental group 20 students and control group 20 Students. Fitness instrument with 800 meter test for women and 1000 for men. Data analysis using independent sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant effect on students' physical fitness in the experimental group before treatment (pre-test) and after treatment (post-test), seen from the Sig value of 0.000 < α 0.05. Furthermore, the control group also experienced an increase between before and after treatment, as evidenced by the sig value. 0,032. The results showed that there was an increase in fitness shown by both the control and experimental groups. It is proven that the experimental group is better than the control group with a comparison of 51% increase in the control group and 62% in the experimental group. Keywords: Learning Model, Play Approach, Physical Education, Physical Fitness, Islamic School

Tanfīż Manhaj al-Ta’allum al-Mustaqil fī Ta’lim al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah Liṭullab al-Madrasah al-Ṡānawiyyah

This qualitative study explores the implementation of an independent learning curriculum for teaching Arabic to eighth-grade students at Muhammadiyah Ahmed Dahlan Metro Middle School in the academic year 2023/2024 AD. The study includes all eighth-grade students as the population, with a purposive sample for detailed analysis. Data from interviews, observations, and document analysis ensure a comprehensive understanding. Data collection methods include structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Thematic analysis is used to identify key themes and patterns related to curriculum implementation. Findings indicate a five-stage independent curriculum implementation process: diagnostic assessment, planning, learning, assessment, and reflection/evaluation. Challenges include teacher difficulties in selecting teaching methods, lack of a grading system, student motivation issues, and resistance to changing assessment methods. Strategies to enhance the curriculum include school policy adjustments, teacher training, infrastructure improvements, and ongoing monitoring of teaching activities.

Features of the personnel motivation system in innovative organizations

This article is devoted to the study of the issues of innovative organizations personnel motivation. The author describes the features of innovative organizations: stimulating scientific research, innovation and the search for non–standard solutions, therefore their principles of motivation should be aimed specifically at the implementation of these tasks. The article is related to the issues of increasing the productivity and efficiency of companies. Often in traditional organizations, staff motivation systems are created without taking into account the opinions of employees and have little correlation with the company’s values. According to the author, for productive innovation, it is important to develop and implement a policy that encourages innovative approaches, as well as creativity and initiative of employees. A well thought out staff motivation system plays a key role in the application of this policy, which ultimately contributes to the successful implementation of ambitious projects, increasing profits and the image of the organization. The article presents the characteristics of motivational incentives, namely monetary and non–monetary. The author substantiates the thesis that in order to stimulate innovative activity to employees needs to choose an individual approach, and non–monetary motivation in this case turns out to be more important than the monetary component.

Current issues of staff motivation by the example of a tourism industry enterprise

In the presented article, the author examines the issues of personnel motivation management. Currently, no one doubts that the most important resource of any company is its employees, in this regard, the relevance of the topic of the scientific article is due to the extremely important role of motivating the workforce needed by the enterprise, since the success of any organization in modern conditions depends on its ability to maximize the use of available resources. Every company that is serious about personnel management issues tries to develop its own motivation management system for its employees.

Remote Learning in Military Higher Education During Covid-19: Challenges and Strategies for Student Officers in Sri Lanka

The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a global shift in higher education toward remote learning, prompting diverse adaptations to ensure continuity in student education. This transition was particularly impactful in Sri Lanka, where the tri-forces' student officers, crucial for national defense, underwent remote postgraduate studies. This study investigates the challenges, perceptions, and proposed strategies of these officers pursuing the PSC (Master’s degree at Defence Services Command and Staff College) during the pandemic. Grounded in Anderson's Theory and Practice of Online Learning, the research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design, surveying 30 male student officers via an online questionnaire. Results indicate a generally positive reception of remote learning, with 61.9% expressing satisfaction, despite encountering technical barriers, limited peer interaction, motivation issues, and content comprehension difficulties. While 52.4% reported moderate engagement levels, 66.7% acknowledged satisfactory lecturer support. The study suggests enhancing infrastructure, fostering interactive learning environments, and improving teacher-student interaction to mitigate challenges and bolster remote learning effectiveness. Notably, 85.7% of respondents advocate for hybrid learning, blending online and traditional methods. However, limitations include a small, male-only sample, limiting generalizability, and neglecting perspectives of officers with lower IT and English proficiency. Recommendations include policy interventions to enhance teacher-student interaction, promote engagement, and optimize remote learning quality, recognizing its pivotal role in future higher education. This study contributes insights into the challenges and prospects of remote learning in a unique military educational context, informing strategies for its effective implementation amidst crises and beyond.

Circadian variations influence anxiety-related behaviour, olfaction, and hedonic response in male Sprague–Dawley rats

IntroductionDespite the acknowledged impact of circadian rhythms on various aspects of life, behavioural tests with laboratory animals often overlook alignment with their natural activity patterns. This study aims to evaluate the influence of circadian variations on the results, validity, and reliability of different behavioural tests in rats. MethodsThree behavioural tests, the Light-Dark Box Test (LDB), assessing anxiety-related behaviour and locomotor activity; the Buried Pellet Test (BPT), revealing olfactory abilities and motivation issues; and the Sucrose Preference Test (SPT), studying the anhedonic response, were employed to encompass multiple daytime-dependent behavioural aspects in male Sprague-Dawley rats. ResultsOur findings underscore distinct circadian effects on locomotor activity, exploratory behaviour, olfactory acuity, motivation, and hedonic response. Notably, anxious behaviour remained unaffected by daytime conditions. Furthermore, decreased data variance was found to be correlated with conducting behavioural tests during the subjects’ active phase. DiscussionThis study demonstrates extensive circadian influences on nearly all parameters investigated, coupled with a significant reduction in data variability during the active phase. Emphasising the importance of aligning experimental timing with rats’ natural activity patterns, our results suggest that conducting tests during the active phase of the animals not only refines test sensitivity , reduces stress, and provides more representative data, but also contributes to ethical animal research (3 R) and improves test relevance. This, in turn, enhances the reliability and validity of experimental outcomes in behavioural research and promotes animal welfare.

Leadership Dynamics and Organizational Performance: The Critical Role of Employee Motivation in SMEs

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of leadership as a management strategy on motivation and organizational performance in SMEs. Employing a quantitative research approach under the overall umbrellaof positivism, the study aimed at reaching managerial employees working in SMEs, despite their significance for the economy and constant management and motivation issues. The participants were 350 managerial professionals, forming a growing population to maximize statistical reliability. The primary method of data collection involved Likert scales in questionnaire surveys, while for the analysis (PLS-SEM), Smart PLS was used. This research established that there is a positive correlation between leadership behavior, organizational commitment, and organizational output in SMEs. The results of this study, therefore, stress the importance of leadership and motivation in boosting organizational performance and make a strong call to SMEs to track their efforts towards bettering these elements intheir operations to gain better performance results.

The motivation plan, a contemporary solution for increasing the effectiveness of motivation

Motivation employees is a challenge to reach employee satisfaction at the workplace. Many existing studies have investigated the role of motivation and have evidenced the fact that motivation is a precursor to individual and organizational performance. This paper considers some of the motivation issues with a focus on the necessity of drawing up the motivation plan as a very important managerial document. This study has included 55 business managers. Terrain data were analyzed using SPSS. The findings provide important information for the theory of motivation and their application in practice. This study will serve as an incentive for managers with their approach to the motivation plan. The paper also proves the necessity of the commitment of relevant institutions for the support they should give to managers in this direction through training sessions. This paper aims to argue the importance of motivation plan as a necessity to support manager to achieve the organizational objectives and one more warranty for individual and organizational performance.

Motivational issues in visual design education: Improving teaching methods from the perspective of self-determination theory

Motivational issues in visual design education: Improving teaching methods from the perspective of self-determination theory

Impact of Marital Status „Single“ on Behavior and Well-Being of an Employee or a Student

The behavior of employees, their attitudes and interest in work are the subject of countless studies and investigations. Many look at the issue of employee motivation and stimulation from the point of view of position, education, age or gender. However, within the available findings, there is no knowledge regarding the status of employees, although the very fact of whether an employee lives alone or with someone else presupposes different behavior. The aim of this paper was to find out whether the status “single” has an impact on behavior, performance, and job satisfaction of an employee. As part of the search for information on this issue, we came across interesting findings of many authors who devoted themselves not only to this issue, but also investigated the issues of multicultural values, leadership, management in practice, education and other topics related to the influence of various factors on the performance and work of individuals. We tried to apply his survey, previously carried out in the USA and Canada to the territory of Europe/European Union, while taking into account multiculturalism and gender differences, since students participating in the Erasmus program took part in the survey too. We based our research on the fact that the shares and development of individual categories are the same in both regions.

Motivational factors as determinant of mathematics achievement of students in senior secondary schools

The issue of student motivation is of utmost importance for achieving academic excellence in secondary schools. This study aimed to investigate the influence of motivational factors on the academic achievement of senior secondary school students in mathematics. The study was guided by five hypotheses and underwent testing at a significance level of 0.05. A descriptive survey design was employed, specifically selecting five senior secondary schools in the study area. A total of 300 students from these schools, located in the Ijebu Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria, were selected. The research utilised questionnaires and a Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), with reliability coefficients of 0.75 and 0.80, respectively. The findings revealed that intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and goal orientation had a positive and significant impact on academic achievement. Furthermore, when these factors were considered collectively, they demonstrated a significant influence. The conclusion drawn from this study is that motivational factors greatly affect the academic achievement of senior secondary school students in mathematics in Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended that schools actively promote these factors during the teaching and learning processes to enhance students' achievement in mathematics.

Exploring the impact of mobile devices in electronics e-learning: A case study evaluating the effectiveness of mobile learning applications in the field of electronics and sensors

Integrating mobile devices into educational environments has revolutionised e-learning, presenting new opportunities and challenges. This research paper aims to examine the pivotal role of mobile devices in the e-learning environment and assess the effectiveness of mobile learning applications in enhancing the educational experience. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data through surveys and usage analytics with qualitative insights from interviews and focus group discussions. By analysing the perspectives of both educators and learners, the research investigates how mobile devices contribute to the flexibility and accessibility of e-learning content. Additionally, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of various mobile learning applications in promoting engagement, knowledge retention, and overall learning outcomes. It scrutinises the features that contribute to the success of these applications, such as user interface design, interactivity, and adaptability to diverse learning styles. Furthermore, the research delves into the challenges of mobile learning, including device compatibility, connectivity, and user motivation issues. Strategies to overcome these challenges and optimise the benefits of mobile learning are explored. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights for educators, curriculum designers, and developers of mobile learning applications. The research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on the effective integration of mobile devices in e-learning environments and offer recommendations for optimising the design and implementation of mobile learning strategies. Ultimately, this exploration seeks to foster a deeper understanding of the potential of mobile devices in shaping the future of education.

ENHANCING ESP TEACHING FOR COMPUTER AND NETWORK ENGINEERING STUDENTS THROUGH MULTIMEDIA

This article discusses the application of short videos and pictures in teaching ESP procedure texts in computer and network engineering majors. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design to explore the integration of video and pictures in ESP teaching, the challenges teachers face in integrating videos and pictures in ESP teaching, and how teachers overcome these challenges. The participants of this study consisted of one English teacher in computer and network engineering class who was selected by purposive sampling. The research was conducted at SMK Mahardika Malang and involved English teachers from the computer and network engineering department. Data collection methods included observation and interviews with teachers, focusing on the procedures for integrating short videos and pictures, the challenges faced, and solutions to overcome these challenges. The findings reveal that there are several activities in the classroom, namely teacher activities, student activities, and the learning and teaching process. Teachers face three challenges. The first is time constraints. To overcome this challenge, teachers must use pictures and short videos wisely and adjust them to the time available in the lesson plan. The second is the mismatch of learning material sources. The solution to this challenge is to use effective multimedia such as the Internet and YouTube. The third is students' low motivation to learn English and write procedural texts. The solution to this challenge is for teachers to approach students emotionally, consult with their parents, and provide project-based learning strategies using English. This research provides valuable insights for ESP education, emphasizing the importance of adapting content to industry needs, addressing motivation issues, and effectively using multimedia elements.

Exploring the Educational Efficacy and Potential of 24-Hour Hackathon Programming Marathon – HackEmotion

This paper addresses the issue of modern didactics and student motivation for self-learning as well as tackling significant practical challenges. In technical and STEAM education, achieving high levels of motivation is particularly important, as students often become overwhelmed by the vast amount of information and opportunities which lead to diminished interest. At the Institute of Computer Science at the University of Silesia in Katowice, a Hackathon – a 24-hour programming marathon – was organized to enhance student engagement. During this event, students confronted a critical problem in modern societye: emotion recognition. The goal was to develop solutions and help for fostering emotion recognition skills in young people with real-world implementation potential. Additionally, students tested their abilities under time pressure, honed their group work competencies, and faced real-time problem-solving scenarios. This paper presents an evaluation of the event’s impact and analyzes the results of a post-event survey, providing feedback to improve the quality of future Hackathons. The main research questions we posed during the research were: RQ1: At what level of quality was the Hackathon event organized? Whether students were well informed and felt cared for during this event? RQ2: What aspects and properties motivate students most to take part in events organized at the university like Hackathon? RQ3: What competencies, knowledge and skills were developed by participants in the Hackathon? RQ4: Do students consider issues related to recognizing emotions important and the created applications possible to use in practice? In this paper, we answer these questions using statistical analysis as well as simple machine learning models.