Incentive Motivation Research Articles

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT TO BUSINESS INNOVATION POTENTIAL: FUNDING MECHANISM AND IMPETUS FOR GROWTH UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The article addresses the issues of finding pathways to foster the national economic growth against the martial law context. It is noted that with the start of hostilities in Ukraine, all business processes and the normal functioning of the economy slowed down, in particular, this refers to innovative activities, research and development, intellectual property and the overall national innovation potential. The paper observes that there is an objective need to build an effective innovation funding mechanism which will provide an opportunity to generate accumulated assets in the key priority areas to enhance the innovation potential of Ukrainian businesses. It is emphasized that this mechanism of financing innovations should rely upon the following fundamental principles: targeted focus towards financial vectoring; verified justification and legal support to primary sources of assets; a polystructural character of asset sources; financial depth and breadth; adaptability of the funding system to wartime conditions to gain synergy from using its constituent elements. Based on international best practice, it is argued that business innovation support and innovation effectiveness rest largely on the funding timeliness and target focus. The study suggests that the innovation funding mechanism will create favourable environment to ensure prompt and efficient implementation of innovation processes in all areas of business. In the context of this study, government support to business innovation potential is viewed as part of the overall business strategy in strengthening and boosting innovation potential for the future. According to the research findings, the key impetus to support innovations under martial law are the following: motivational incentives for business units and companies engaged in investing in research and development of innovative enterprises; encouraging the creation of research centres; promoting innovative and technological growth zones; active assistance in facilitating modernization of innovative businesses; government grant initiatives and preferential lending programmes; innovation export support and promotion; in-depth support to innovative public procurement schemes; making use of a special tax regime for intellectual property products which contributes to shaping a favourable tax rate on income from intellectual property commercialization. The study offers important implications for further research in developing an effective framework to boost innovations which will enhance collaboration and increase the efficiency of research, industrial, financial, innovative and personnel potentials. Ultimately, this will have a positive effect on encouraging global cooperation in the vector of innovative activities, will ensure technology transfer and innovation commercialization, as well as contribute to increasing the share of innovative products in world markets. The implementation of the above priority objectives will help Ukraine to respond to modern challenges, overcome the current crisis and spur further economic growth.

SKILLS OF INDIVIDUAL ORAL HYGIENE IN CHILDREN WITH ORTHODONTIC PATHOLOGY

Relevance. Orthodontic pathology contributes to the deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in children and increases the risk of developing dental caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases. In this regard, rational and effective oral hygiene becomes especially relevant.
 Aim of this study is to analyze the results of a questionnaire of children with orthodontic pathology regarding the skills of individual oral hygiene and oral hygiene products they use.
 Materials and methods. A dental examination of 138 children aged from 14 to 17 years with orthodontic pathology was carried out. Before starting the treatment, the children filled out a specially developed questionnaire that contained 20 questions with suggested answer options. The children were surveyed in the presence of parents; the children answered the questions independently by filling out a Google form, parents were not allowed to intrude into the survey.
 Results. 73 children (52.9%) followed the recommendations to brush their teeth twice a day in the morning and in the evening. 47 (34.1%) children reported about brushing their teeth in the morning only and 6 (4,3%) children brushed their teeth in the evening. 35 (25.4%) children admitted that they did not brush their teeth every day. 76 children (55.1%), i.e. more than half, were fount to spend no more than 1 minute for toothbrushing, another 35 surveyed children (25.4%) indicated that their brushing time, as a rule, did not exceed 2 minutes, and only 25 children (18.1%) followed the recommended time of 3-5 minutes. Among all the participants, 53 children (38.4%) regularly brushed their teeth after meals, 28 (20.3%) – before meals. 57 children (41.3%) reported no established order between meals and oral routine in the morning, some of them said that oral hygiene might depend on food, others paid no attention to the sequence between meal and oral hygiene. 66 (47.8%) children are not interested in the immediate result of the performed cleaning, 42 children (30.4%) received some information about the quality of oral cavity care only at a dentist’s appointment, 30 children (21.7%) monitored the state of oral hygiene by using mirror without the additional dye indicators. The vast majority of children, 57.2%, used a manual toothbrush for oral hygiene, 31 children (22.5%) reported about regular use of an electric toothbrush, and 28 children (20.3%) indicated for periodic alternation regarding the use of toothbrushes of one or another type of teeth. 58 children (42.0%) indicated that the main motivational incentives for choosing brushes were their design and colour, while 33 (23.9%) and 24 (17,4%) children chose brushes based on the advice of their dentists or parents, respectively. 15 children
 (10.9%) chose toothbrushes without attaching any importance to this. Every 2-3 months, 67 children (48.6%) replaced a worn-out toothbrush with a new one, every 4-6 months – 27 children (19.6%), 40 children (29.0%) were not interested in the replacement period. All the participants used toothpaste, but half of them, namely, 70 children (50.7%), were guided by its organoleptic properties, colour, package design, etc. when choosing paste; 49 children (35.5%) followed the recommendations of dentists, while 11 children (8.0%) did not think about what toothpaste to choose. Toothpastes with complex action or anti-caries activity were used by 44 (31.9%) and 40 (29.0%) children, respectively, but 22 children (15.9%) did not pay any attention to toothpaste composition, indications and contraindication. Some children are informed about interdental hygiene products. Thus, 21 children (15.2%) reported about regular use of dental floss for interdental cleaning, 12 children (8.7%) also used it, but only occasionally, 26 children (18.8%) indicated that they used an irrigator, but at the same time 105 children (76.1%) never used dental floss, and 112 (81.2%) used an irrigator.
 Conclusion. According to the results of the questionnaire, the level of awareness of children with orthodontic pathology about rational and effective individual oral hygiene routine and products is far from being completely satisfactory. The development of additional oral hygiene recommendations for children with such problems seems appropriate and necessary.

Comparison of the Effect of Linear and Nonlinear Methods on Children’s Actual

Background and Aims Education in school is a key element of health and helps to freshness and vitality of the community through the promotion of the physical activity. In this regard, some practitioners try to be effective in community health through linear or non-linear training methods. Thus, this study tried to determine which educational method (linear, nonlinear) is effective in promoting perceived and real motor competence in children. Methods In this study, two boy schools were selected whose education in the physical education class was linear in one and non-linear in the other. Therefore, 50 children from each school were selected as a sample randomly (Mean±SD age: 8.47±1.14 ). Motor proficiency was assessed by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test, and perceived motor competence was assessed by the Incentive Motivation Questionnaire. Results The results of the analysis of covariance by eliminating the effect of the pre-test showed that the nonlinear group in motor skills (P=0.00) and perceived motor competence (P=0.02) scored significantly higher than the linear group Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of using nonlinear training in physical education with manipulation of the environment and task without direct instructions and feedback. Nonlinear methods as new methods in schools can replace traditional methods. In this method, by manipulating the constraints, children can be helped to grow in various dimensions, including real and perceived motor skills. The results of this study are useful for teachers who teach basic motor skills in school.

Drivers and Barriers to Improved Data Quality and Data-Use Practices: An Interpretative Qualitative Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

An objective of the Information Revolution Roadmap of Ethiopia's Health Sector Transformation Plan was to improve health management information system (HMIS) data quality and data use at the point of health service delivery. We aimed to assess drivers of and barriers to improving HMIS data quality and use, focusing on key Information Revolution strategies including Connected Woreda, capacity building, performance monitoring teams, and motivational incentives. We conducted an interpretative qualitative study across all 11 health centers in 3 subcities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Yeka, Akaki-Kaliti, and Ledeta. A total of 40 key informant interviews and 6 focus group discussions with a total of 43 discussants were conducted. We coded information gathered line-by-line and grouped responses under thematic codes as they emerged. Findings were triangulated and validated. Our findings indicate that the main drivers of data quality and use at the point of service delivery were the use of the Connected Woreda strategy and its tools, capacity-building activities including mentorship, performance monitoring-team activities that led to active leadership engagement, and motivational incentives for data producers and users. Barriers to optimal data-use practices were the use of duplicative data collection tools at health facilities, under-developed health information system infrastructure, inadequate health information technician staffing and capacity limitations at the health facility level, insufficient leadership commitment, and unfavorable health worker attitudes toward data. Improvements in quality and use of HMIS data at health facilities are expected to result in delivering better-quality health services to the community as data enable health workers to identify gaps in health care, fix them, and monitor improvements. Future investments should focus on strengthening the promising data-use practices, resolving bottlenecks caused by duplicative data collection tools, enhancing individual and institutional capacity, addressing suboptimal health worker attitudes toward data, and overcoming infrastructure and connectivity challenges.

Employees’ Satisfaction with Motivational Incentives and Employees’ Efficiency

Employee satisfaction is a critical factor in a company's success. This research aimed to assess the satisfaction level of motivational incentives and efficiency among employees of selected resorts and hotels in Dauis, Bohol. It intended to determine if there is a relationship between these two variables and the direction and intensity of this relationship. The study used a quantitative-correlational method and a survey questionnaire was used in data gathering. It was conducted at selected resorts and hotels in Dauis, Bohol. The main respondents were 204 employees of these resorts and hotels. A stratified random sampling of respondents was utilized with a random sample size of 134. The collection of data was made through an online survey platform using google forms. This study underwent an ethics review and the respondents were informed of their rights to privacy, secrecy, and the right to withdraw participation. This study revealed that the employees’ level of satisfaction with motivational incentives is moderate and their level of efficiency, is high. The results also showed that there is a significant correlation between employees’ satisfaction with motivational incentives and their efficiency. The researchers conclude that the employees’ level of satisfaction with motivational incentives does influence their level of efficiency.

Enrollment and Retention of Participants in Remote Digital Health Studies: Scoping Review and Framework Proposal.

BackgroundDigital technologies are increasingly used in health research to collect real-world data from wider populations. A new wave of digital health studies relies primarily on digital technologies to conduct research entirely remotely. Remote digital health studies hold promise to significant cost and time advantages over traditional, in-person studies. However, such studies have been reported to typically suffer from participant attrition, the sources for which are still largely understudied.ObjectiveTo contribute to future remote digital health study planning, we present a conceptual framework and hypotheses for study enrollment and completion. The framework introduces 3 participation criteria that impact remote digital health study outcomes: (1) participant motivation profile and incentives or nudges, (2) participant task complexity, and (3) scientific requirements. The goal of this study is to inform the planning and implementation of remote digital health studies from a person-centered perspective.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to collect information on participation in remote digital health studies, focusing on methodological aspects that impact participant enrollment and retention. Comprehensive searches were conducted on the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases, and additional sources were included in our study from citation searching. We included digital health studies that were fully conducted remotely, included information on at least one of the framework criteria during recruitment, onboarding or retention phases of the studies, and included study enrollment or completion outcomes. Qualitative analyses were performed to synthesize the findings from the included studies.ResultsWe report qualitative findings from 37 included studies that reveal high values of achieved median participant enrollment based on target sample size calculations, 128% (IQR 100%-234%), and median study completion, 48% (IQR 35%-76%). Increased median study completion is observed for studies that provided incentives or nudges to extrinsically motivated participants (62%, IQR 43%-78%). Reducing task complexity for participants in the absence of incentives or nudges did not improve median study enrollment (103%, IQR 102%-370%) or completion (43%, IQR 22%-60%) in observational studies, in comparison to interventional studies that provided more incentives or nudges (median study completion rate of 55%, IQR 38%-79%). Furthermore, there were inconsistencies in measures of completion across the assessed remote digital health studies, where only around half of the studies with completion measures (14/27, 52%) were based on participant retention throughout the study period.ConclusionsFew studies reported on participatory factors and study outcomes in a consistent manner, which may have limited the evidence base for our study. Our assessment may also have suffered from publication bias or unrepresentative study samples due to an observed preference for participants with digital literacy skills in digital health studies. Nevertheless, we find that future remote digital health study planning can benefit from targeting specific participant profiles, providing incentives and nudges, and reducing study complexity to improve study outcomes.

Perempuan dan perilaku berkelanjutan dalam komunitas online pecinta barang lokal

<p><em>Scholars discovered that the majority of studies studying why women engage in sustainable fashion practices focused on environmental incentive, personal drive, or hedonistic motivation. In fact, women may anticipate the social value of fashion to be associated with the concept of self-improvement rather than the dimension of conservatism. This study aims to determine whether women's fashion consumption serves as a signifier of social identity, class, or position, as well as the degree to which the social value of fashion is embedded inside the product itself. The thesis to be demonstrated in this study is that women are agents of sustainable behavior to transmit sustainable habits because women are grassroots agents with the most influence in daily life. This research is based on a constructivist paradigm with a qualitative method that enables researchers to comprehend how behavior from the perspective of research subjects (women) with their subjective understanding underpins the sustainable behavior that they practice. Seven female agents were interviewed via Zoom meetings or WhatsApp video calls to collect the primary data. This study finds that sustainable fashion consumption has a social value. The social value of sustainable fashion consumption is inherent in the purchase or consumption of these products, as well as in the location where these items are purchased. The implication of this study is that a campaign to promote sustainable fashion consumption may incorporate social values.</em></p>

Motivation incentives for the development of servicemen’s physical fitness in foreign language teaching

The article highlights the issue of Physical Training and Foreign Language interaction within the competence-based, system and subject-activity approaches to the education of a military specialist. The correlation and integration of these two subjects can facilitate the building of the motivation for the development of students’ physical fitness. The necessity to motivate servicemen for healthy lifestyle, physical training and sport is due to the requirements imposed on military specialists in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Foreign Language classes can contribute to the development of this training field which is considered one of the key fields in the education system of the Russian Defence Ministry. To achieve the goal a teacher should choose appropriate and various methodological techniques that will add to the effective realisation of mental activity, creative and cognitive abilities of students and to the development of their culture. The motivation component is seen rational in the language material related to physical fitness and healthy lifestyle. Moreover, using modern pedagogic technologies, such as gaming and project-based ones, during Foreign Language classes will definitely play and important role in building the essential motivation for students’ physical fitness development.

THE FORMATION OF FUTURE TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL READYNESS TO INNOVATION ACTIVITY BY MEANS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES


 The training of future specialists for innovation activity is a leading trend of modern higher pedagogical education, which is due to the integration of Ukraine into the European educational space. The article actualizes the problem of future teachers’ professional readiness formation for innovation activity using digital technologies. General science, synthesis, comparison, analysis, generalization and systematization of studies of domestic and foreign scientists are employed. Based on the results, the essence of the concept “professional preparedness of future teachers for innovation” has been revealed. It has been found that the professional readiness of future teachers for innovation is the outcome of integrative personal education, and professional training, featured via a blend of cognitive (knowledge regarding the concept of the innovation and profession), motivational (incentives for interests and innovation), reflexive (capability of analyzing results), innovative activity and praxeological (innovation competence actualization) elements that permit conducting professional tasks of innovative nature. It has been concluded that a modern teacher can’t conduct educational actions with no utilizing advanced digital technologies, and the education informatization comprises enhancing the future teachers’ training in the information educational environment of higher education institutions.

The Effect of Motivational Incentives on Clients’ Religious Self-Regulation in an Institutionalized Drug Treatment Program

Performing religious and spiritual activities is known to have a positive effect on substance use treatment and rehabilitation. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of motivational incentives in motivating clients to perform religious activities in a Narcotic Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre, also known as PUSPEN in Malaysia. A true experimental study was conducted involving the randomization of participants into the experimental groups that received tangible incentives for performing compulsory religious activities and the controlled groups that doesn’t receive any incentive. A total of 44 clients were selected as participants based on the inclusion criteria set by the researcher. The participants were assessed by their achievement in memorizing surahs as well as adherence to religious programs and activities in the PUSPEN within 12 weeks of study. A total of seven surahs and three extra surahs were targeted to be memorized by the participants throughout the study period. For the experimental group, participants were given incentives for each successful surah memorized. Meanwhile, for the control group, no form of incentive was given to the participants. CM rewards are in the form of stickers with a monetary value of RM5.00 each which can be used to exchange for items within the PUSPEN. Pre-test analysis to obtain baseline data was done prior to the study session and the post-test analysis was done after week-12 of study. Participants were gathered after one month the study ended for the follow-up test using the same instrument. The Religious Self-Regulated Questionnaire (SRQ-R) which have been translated into the Malay language and adapted into the Islamic version was used to examine the level of religious self-regulation during pre, post and follow-up test. The findings showed that there are no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group on the client's level of religious self-regulated in pre, post and follow-up tests. CM incentives helped improve the performance of the clients in memorizing surahs but did not significantly affect the clients’ motivation in performing religious activities during rehabilitation in the PUSPEN. The implementation of CM in the psycho-spiritual aspect in the PUSPEN environment is still considered as new and inconclusive. Future researchers can improve the study by increasing the sample size and uses higher incentives values to obtain a more accurate and comprehensive findings on the effectiveness of CM intervention on religious self-regulation.

Therapeutic potential of PIMSR, a novel CB1 receptor neutral antagonist, for cocaine use disorder: evidence from preclinical research

Cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) have been major targets in medication development for the treatment of substance use disorders. However, clinical trials with rimonabant, a CB1R antagonist/inverse agonist, failed due to severe side effects. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of PIMSR, a neutral CB1R antagonist lacking an inverse agonist profile, against cocaine’s behavioral effects in experimental animals. We found that systemic administration of PIMSR dose-dependently inhibited cocaine self-administration under fixed-ratio (FR5), but not FR1, reinforcement, shifted the cocaine self-administration dose-response curve downward, decreased incentive motivation to seek cocaine under progressive-ratio reinforcement, and reduced cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. PIMSR also inhibited oral sucrose self-administration. Importantly, PIMSR alone is neither rewarding nor aversive as assessed by place conditioning. We then used intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) to explore the possible involvement of the mesolimbic dopamine system in PIMSR’s action. We found that PIMSR dose-dependently attenuated cocaine-enhanced ICSS maintained by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in rats. PIMSR itself failed to alter electrical ICSS, but dose-dependently inhibited ICSS maintained by optical stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons in transgenic DAT-Cre mice, suggesting the involvement of dopamine-dependent mechanisms. Lastly, we examined the CB1R mechanisms underlying PIMSR’s action. We found that PIMSR pretreatment attenuated Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)- or ACEA (a selective CB1R agonist)-induced reduction in optical ICSS. Together, our findings suggest that the neutral CB1R antagonist PIMSR deserves further research as a promising pharmacotherapeutic for cocaine use disorder.

Financial Behavior as a Result of People’s Interaction in the Socio-Economic Space

Financial behavior is a category and its relevance for Russia is growing rapidly along with the activity of people who carry out daily interactions in a dynamic socio-economic space at all its territorial levels (local, regional, national, and supranational). In this context, the authors emphasize the scientific significance of studying the process of behavior transformation leading to financial results. From the point of view of the authors, this is due to the understanding of the primary and secondary interdependencies, the coherence of the concepts used, their sequence, priority, and significance. The aim of the article is to show the connectedness of elements in the behavior of people who are actors simultaneously in three subspaces: social, economic, and financial, which are organized hierarchically. The goal is due to the diversity of people’s financial behavior and the need for a counter study of both the factors influencing it and the analysis of monitoring the intertwining forms of financial behavior. The authors use methods of spatial analysis, content analysis, and sociological factor analysis. The factors of influence are placed in the “pyramid” of subspaces, which contributes to their prioritization, the vectors of people’s interaction, the economic, socio-demographic determinism of their actions, and the territorial differentiation of the financial infrastructure, and other aspects are also highlighted. The article systematizes scientific approaches to the study of the economic and financial activities of the population from the point of view of the relationship of incentive motives which simultaneously affect decision-making. The study identifies structural elements of each of the three subspaces (relationships-resources-choice-experience), within which a person (social group) forms and implements a particular model of behavior. The main theoretical concepts used in the study of financial behavior are singled out: social relations, economic resources, financial strategy, and their relationship. The authors conclude that the financial behavior of people has a spatial structure. Its result is determined by the categories of three subspaces — social, economic, and financial, which together represent the “matryoshka” model. The proposed methodology is significant for identifying the characteristics of the financial behavior of young people and the factors influencing the transformation of their financial literacy.

Drama tourism: the influence of Korean K-pop dramas characteristics on Malaysian travel motivation and behavioural intention

Drama tourism: the influence of Korean K-pop dramas characteristics on Malaysian travel motivation and behavioural intention

TB community empowerment model instruments in finding tuberculosis (TB) suspects

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still a public health problem. Indonesia is the third rank of highest TB in the world. Community empowerment is one of the strategies for finding TB suspects. Community empowerment in Probolinggo Regency is carried out by forming the local TB Association. Evaluation of the role of this TB community has never been done. There is no available measure of community empowerment in this TB community. A measuring tool for community empowerment models is needed for the TB community to increase empowerment. This study aimed to develop a measuring tool for community empowerment through the TB community in finding TB suspects. Methods: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The population and sample are all local TB communities in Probolinggo Regency are about 325 people. Determination of the sample using simple random sampling according to the inclusion criteria of 128 respondents. Instruments using questionnaires and data analysis with exploratory factor analysis. Results: The results showed that the measuring instrument for community empowerment was personal factors, knowledge, communication, motivation, self-efficacy, motivational incentives, group factors, and community empowerment factors in finding TB suspects, participation, leadership, and organizational structure having a Bartlett test of sphericity value P < 0.001, Reliability of Life Satisfaction Questionnaire with Cronbach Alpha > 0.800. Conclusion: This instrument is valid and reliable to be applied to measure local TB community empowerment in finding TB suspects.

Metacognition and the effect of incentive motivation in two compulsive disorders: Gambling disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

AimsCompulsivity is a common phenotype among psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and gambling disorder (GD). Deficiencies in metacognition, such as the inability to estimate one's performance via confidence judgments could contribute to pathological decision‐making. Earlier research has shown that patients with OCD exhibit underconfidence, while patients with GD exhibit overconfidence. Moreover, it is known that motivational states (e.g. monetary incentives) influence metacognition, with gain (respectively loss) prospects increasing (respectively decreasing) confidence. Here, we reasoned that OCD and GD symptoms might correspond to an exacerbation of this interaction between metacognition and motivation.MethodsWe hypothesized GD's overconfidence to be exaggerated during gain prospects, while OCD's underconfidence to be worsened in loss context, which we expected to see represented in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent activity. We tested those hypotheses in a task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design (27 patients with GD, 28 patients with OCD, 55 controls). The trial is registered in the Dutch Trial Register (NL6171).ResultsWe showed increased confidence for patients with GD versus patients with OCD, which could partly be explained by sex and IQ. Although our primary analyses did not support the hypothesized interaction between incentives and groups, exploratory analyses did show increased confidence in patients with GD specifically in gain context. fMRI analyses confirmed a central role for VMPFC in the processing of confidence and incentives, but no differences between the groups.ConclusionPatients with OCD and those with GD reside at opposite ends of the confidence spectrum, while no interaction with incentives was found, nor group differences in neuronal processing of confidence.

Psychological Emotion and Behavior Analysis in Music Teaching Based on the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction Motivation Model.

The abbreviation ARCS in the ARCS motivational model comprises the first letters of four English words: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. The ARCS motivation model is based on a systematic and easy-to-operate motivation theory. Many research studies have verified the applicability and effectiveness of the ARCS model in education worldwide. The proposed optimized ARCS motivation model takes the traditional ARCS motivation model and systematically optimizes it to make it suitable for the coding of data from videos of music classes. The case analysis method selected 14 high-quality music lessons as the research object. The optimized ARCS model involves text conversion, coding, and statistical analysis of the transcripts of videos of high-quality music classes. The data analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of students’ emotional and behavioral motivation incentive strategies in each section of the ARCS motivation model in combination with specific high-quality case lesson fragments. This paper summarizes ways and means of using a motivational approach in the teaching of quality music classes, providing theoretical support for the practice of music teaching.

Develop effective incentives for employees through motivation theory

Motivation incentive mechanism refers to the sum of the interaction between the incentive subject and the incentive object through incentive factors or incentive means in the organizational system, that is, the sum of the internal relationship structure, operation mode, and development and evolution law of enterprise incentive. Under the modern enterprise system, to give full play to the enthusiasm of employees, it is necessary to adopt an incentive mechanism, so that they can realize their value in the process of creating for the enterprise so that their enthusiasm and creativity will be more full play and develop. Therefore, the establishment of a motivation incentive mechanism will enable enterprises to maintain strong momentum of development. Stimulating internal and external motivation of employees by different management methods, formulating motivation measures according to ERG theory, and setting motivation goals for the team by using goal-setting theory. These methods can successfully motivate team members to complete their tasks to a certain extent.

E-Learning Adoption; How Is Students Behavior During The Covid-19 Pandemic?

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the acceptance and behavior of using e-learning students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang during Covid 19. This study adopted five elements that make up the modeling of UTAUT 2. This study is a quantitative study. The sample in this study were 351 students and used a questionnaire in data collection. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Models. The results of this study reveal that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and habit directly affect the behavioral intentions of students in using e-learning. Habit and behavioral intentions have a direct effect on student behavior in using e-learning. Performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit indirectly influence user behavior through students' behavioral intention in using e-learning. Habit is the variable that most plays a role in explaining student behavior in adopting e-learning when compared to other variables in this study. The conclusion of this study is that performance expectations, hedonic motivation, habits and behavioral intentions determine student behavior in adopting e-learning during Covid 19.

Protection Motivation and Travel Intention after the COVID-19 Vaccination: Fear and Risk Perception

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the factors influencing tourists’ travel intention following the COVID-19 vaccination program. It also examined the mediating role of fear in the context of the threat severity, vulnerability, and protection motivation pathways. Based on a quantitative method, a cross-sectional survey was employed and data were collected from 320 prospective domestic tourists through an online survey in Malaysia during the COVID-19 vaccination period. The researchers primarily adopted the protection motivation theory (PMT) model for developing a conceptual framework to empirically test the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis technique using AMOS software. The study confirmed that protection motivation is positively related to tourists’ travel intention, trust is negatively related to this intention, and perceived risk is not related to this intention. The study concludes that threat severity, threat vulnerability, fear, response efficacy, response cost, and self-efficacy affect the protection motivation of tourists. The main contribution of this study is to develop a model and confirm it through an empirical study. The findings indicate that companies should consider some of the factors identified so they can influence protection motivation and travel intention. This study extended the PMT model by integrating cognitive constructs and newly developed measurement scales.

Thai High Achieving Lecturers and Their Language Learning Strategies and Motivation: A Case Study of Kalasin University

The purposes of this study were to (1) investigate the language learning strategies used for improving English language skill of the high achieving non-English major lecturers at Kalasin University and (2) investigate the motivation used for improving their English language skills. The sample comprised eight non-English major lecturers. They were purposively selected according to their high TOEIC test scores. Semi structured interview was used as a research tool. The interview was on using the language learning strategies and motivation to develop the English-speaking ability as the main instrument. The modified interview adapted from the Semi-Structured Interview Guide of Paredes (2010). The qualitative data were analyzed through using axial coding technique. The majors finding were as follows: (1) metacognitive, social and cognitive strategies were frequently used respectively by the sample, while compensation and memory strategies were least used equally and (2) the most motivations employed were attitude and competence motivation, the motivations moderately used were achievement, affiliation, and fear motivation equally, and the least motivation used were power and incentive motivation respectively.