Motivated Behavior Research Articles

Exploring Therapists’ Experiences of an Educational Website to Support Telehealth Delivery of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy

Purpose: Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is an evidence-based intervention for arm recovery after acquired brain injury. Clinician knowledge, time and confidence in delivering CIMT are established barriers to the routine use of CIMT in practice. CIMT delivery via telehealth is one option to help overcome these barriers. This study aimed to understand clinician experiences of using an educational website and if the education and online resources contributed to their self-reported use of constraint-induced movement therapy via telehealth (TeleCIMT) in practice. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from a purposive sample of therapists registered to use the TeleCIMT website and website analytics. An online survey explored participants’ experience with CIMT delivery (both face to face and via telehealth), their perceptions of the website, and barriers and enablers to TeleCIMT implementation using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation—Behaviour model. Website analytics were used to evaluate website traffic and resource use. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (quantitative data) and content analysis (qualitative data). Results: Forty therapists responded to the survey; 72.5% (n = 29) of the respondents were occupational therapists, and 37.5% (n = 15) had delivered TeleCIMT. Most of the participants agreed that the website was easy to navigate (n = 26, 90%) and felt that they had the knowledge (n = 28, 96.6%) and skills (n = 24, 82.7%) to deliver TeleCIMT. The enablers to TeleCIMT included motivation to implement learnings from the website, confidence in delivering the programme, and the convenience of remote delivery. The perceived barriers to TeleCIMT use included limited access to technology and the availability of a client supporter to enable engagement in TeleCIMT. The resources used most frequently by the respondents were the participant preparation pack and participant programme pack. Shorter video learning modules (<11 min in duration) had greater engagement than longer video learning modules. Conclusions: Whilst online education and resources may enhance clinician knowledge of constraint-induced movement therapy and telehealth delivery, other barriers such as lack of technology access, may need to be addressed through additional learning and implementation strategies to support the routine use of TeleCIMT in practice.

Sociodemographic and behavioural determinants of vegetarian main dish selection in a French university cafeteria: A three-month observational study with repeated measures.

Reducing meat consumption is crucial for improving population and planetary health. Millions of students regularly eat at university cafeterias, which offer a unique opportunity to promote meat-free meals to new generations by addressing barriers such as accessibility, price, and cooking skills. This study aimed to analyse the individual characteristics associated with the proportion of vegetarian main dish choices in a university cafeteria and to determine whether this behaviour influenced the nutritional quality and environmental impact of student meals. A sample of 257 French students who ate regularly at a large university cafeteria took part in an observational study with repeated measures. They took pictures of their meal trays each time they ate at the cafeteria for three months. They completed an online questionnaire to assess their sociodemographic characteristics and various behavioural determinants of the choice of a vegetarian main dish based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) framework. Being a woman was the only sociodemographic characteristic significantly associated with more frequent vegetarian main dish selection. The proportion of vegetarian choices was negatively associated with attachment to meat (p<0.001, η2=0.189) and positively associated with environmental knowledge (p=0.034, η2=0.018) and the following food choice motives: animal welfare (p<0.001, η2=0.062), health (p<0.001, η2=0.044), ethics (p=0.002, η2=0.039), natural content (p=0.010, η2=0.026), religion (p=0.014, η2=0.025), and mood (p=0.022, η2=0.020). Students who chose vegetarian main dishes more frequently composed healthier (p=0.023, η2=0.020) and more environmentally friendly meal trays (p<0.001, η2=0.349). These findings highlight the variability in the students' propensity to choose vegetarian main dishes in a university cafeteria and its association with motivational factors in a food environment bound by design.

How can graduate students’ research pressure be transformed into motivation and innovative behavior? The role of graduate students’ mentorship homegate (or team) support

How can graduate students’ research pressure be transformed into motivation and innovative behavior? The role of graduate students’ mentorship homegate (or team) support

Predictors of Resistance Training Behavior among Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Medication Users

ABSTRACT Introduction Obesity is a chronic condition affecting around 650 million adults globally, with significant health implications such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) medications have shown efficacy in promoting weight loss among obese individuals, although the weight loss is associated with undesired muscle breakdown. In this study, we investigate the psychosocial determinants of resistance training (RT) behavior among GLP-1 medication users, utilizing the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model. Methods A 1-wk longitudinal study design was adopted, involving members of a medical weight loss program (95.3% female; body mass index, 32.8 ± 7.0 kg·m−2, 48.8 ± 9.9 yr old), assessing correlates of RT participation through an online survey. Results Psychological capabilities (b = 0.39, standard error (SE) = 0.14; P = 0.004) and reflective motivation had direct effects on frequency (b = 1.27, SE = 0.52; P = 0.02). Automatic motivation (b = 3.40, SE = 1.22; P = 0.005) and physical opportunities (b = 2.05, SE = 0.92; P = 0.02) had direct effects on duration, and psychological capabilities (b = 0.41, SE = 0.18; P = 0.03) and automatic motivation (b = 0.27, SE = 0.13; P = 0.04) had direct effects on intensity. Psychological capabilities directly or indirectly influenced all RT participation characteristics, suggesting a critical role of planning and self-monitoring in fostering RT adherence. Conclusion For GLP-1 users engaging in RT, targeted behavioral interventions may be useful to mitigate muscle loss. Behavior change strategies should focus on psychological capabilities integrating planning and self-monitoring to enhance RT participation, with future research needed to confirm these results in more diverse and larger populations.

Private equity renewable energy investments in India.

India is anticipated to grow its total energy consumption and CO2 emissions by more than any other country over the next two decades. India will have to attract around $400 billion in financing to realize its 500GW target of renewable energy by 2030. Given complex renewable energy sector risks, rapidly scaling-up risk-friendly private equity financing will be critical to achieve India's target. This research seeks to answer questions regarding the motivation, perceptions, strategies, and investment behavior of private equity investors in the Indian renewable energy sector. The answers to these questions presented herein have been distilled from primary research interviews with 40 executive-level sector practitioners and literature analysis. This research finds that global-macro forces and sector-specific appeal are attracting varied investors to the sector. These investors primarily deploy capital in existing developer platforms, creating control developer platforms, and Infrastructure Investment Trusts. Critical investment criteria and value creation strategies of these investors are comprehensively discussed. Emerging investment opportunities to create new renewable energy sector value by partnering with companies across the power sector value chain are also presented. This research concludes that despite significant sector risks, investors remain confident they can achieve outsized risk-adjusted returns relative to most other global infrastructure assets. This optimism stems from the confidence of investors in their own ability to manage risk-return dynamics through judicious investment selection and management strategies, the sector's uniquely large demand growth and market size, and the Indian central government's perceived strong commitment to finding creative solutions to chronic sector issues. Lessons from the investment insights, themes and factor analyses discussed herein can be drawn upon in evaluating renewable energy investments and policymaking worldwide.

How Affective and Instrumental Physical Activity Outcomes are Associated with Motivation, Intentions, and Engagement in Subsequent Behavior

Physical activity (PA) produces various outcomes, including affective responses and instrumental benefits (e.g., weight loss, health). Theories of behavioral maintenance suggest that decisions to continue PA engagement will depend on one’s satisfaction with received outcomes. Thus, this study was designed to test how different combinations of affective and instrumental outcomes influence motivation, intentions, and subsequent PA behavior over a two-week study period. Participants with weight loss goals (N=119) were provided an exercise video that was designed to manipulate their affect while exercising (positive vs. neutral) and their beliefs about the video’s instrumentality for weight loss (instrumental vs. not). Self-report measures assessed participants’ affect while exercising, instrumental beliefs that the video would produce weight loss, and motivation and intention to exercise with the video for two weeks. After two weeks, participants reported their video use. Because initial pre-registered analyses revealed that the video manipulation did not produce a difference in affect, a regression-based approach was implemented to examine whether variability in self-reported affect while exercising and beliefs about the video’s effect on weight loss predicted motivation, intentions, and video use during the two-week study period. Reports of more favorable affect were positively associated with motivation and video use, regardless of instrumental beliefs. For those reporting less favorable affect, strong instrumental beliefs appeared to bolster motivation, but had an adverse effect on video use. Findings provide insight into how different types of PA outcomes might influence motivation and continued behavioral engagement.

MAIN FACTORS OF THE FORMATION OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN SOCIETY

The article identifies the main factors influencing human behavior in society, which interact with each other and, in aggregate, constitute the internal content of the environment of human existence – objective reality. These factors include everyday household, consciousness, needs, interests, values, ideology, goals, motivation and human behavior. The authors establish that the primary element of the mechanism of human behavior formation is life, which is a set of conditions, means, ways and forms of satisfaction of material and spiritual needs of individuals in the process of their joint activity, communication, and various forms of interaction. It is found that life as an integral element of everyday life has a significant impact on people's consciousness, but the reverse nature of interaction is not excluded. The components of everyday life, which exert an influence on human consciousness, are given. Typical interests and needs of a person are presented, and the interaction between them is investigated. The authors summarize the list of the universal human values, that reflects the change of priorities in the life values of Ukrainians in connection with the military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine, identifies the most important ones and establishes why they differ in different regions of the country. The role of ideology in shaping human consciousness and behavior is established, the reasons for the lack of a national ideology in Ukraine and the consequences of this for society are substantiated. The main reasons for the divergence of the state and individual interests are clarified, as this affects the motivation and behavior of a person in society in order to achieve their own goals. It is established that each individual has a so-called «motivational mix», so in order to foresee and predict his or her behavior in society, it is necessary to understand the internal motives and external incentives that motivate him or her to behave in a certain way. The factors of the formation of human behavior in the society, the features of which can be manifested in everyday life can change under the influence of social transformations, are substantiated.

Amphetamine Injection into the Nucleus Accumbens and Electrical Stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area in Rats After Novelty Test-Behavioral and Neurochemical Correlates.

Amphetamine abuse is a global health epidemic that is difficult to treat due to individual differences in response to environmental factors, including stress reactivity and anxiety levels, as well as individual neuronal differences, which may result in increased/decreased vulnerability to addiction. In the present study, we investigated whether the Wistar rats behavioral traits of high (HR) and low (LR) locomotor activity to novelty influence motivational behavior (induced feeding model; iFR by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area; Es-VTA) supported by amphetamine injection into the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) (HRAmph, n = 5; LRAmph, n = 5). A correlation was found between the novelty test's locomotor activity score and the frequency threshold percentage change (p < 0.001, Rs = -0.867). In HRAmph, there was a shortening (-24.16%), while in LRAmph, there was a lengthening (+51.84%) of iFR latency. Immunofluorescence studies showed differential neuronal density (activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, and cFos protein) in the selected brain structures in HRAmph and LRAmph animals as well as in comparison to a control group (HRACSF, n = 5; LRACSF, n = 5). These results contribute to expanding the state of knowledge of the behavioral and neuronal propensity to take drug abuse.

The Effect of Hedonic Motivation and Positive Affect on Impulsive Buying Behavior Mediated by Shopping Lifestyle

This study explores the development of Google Sites-based teaching materials for thematic subjects using the ADDIE model. With the rapid advancement of technology, e-commerce has transformed consumer behavior, particularly in online shopping. This research aims to analyze the effects of hedonic motivation and positive affect on impulsive buying behavior, mediated by shopping lifestyle among users of the Shopee application in Surakarta. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 160 respondents through questionnaires. The findings indicate significant relationships between hedonic motivation, positive affect, and impulsive buying behavior, highlighting the influence of shopping lifestyle. The study provides insights for educators and marketers in understanding consumer behavior in the digital marketplace.

Analyzing how Cultivating Positive Emotions Like Joy, Hope, and Empathy can Motivate Individuals to Engage in Community Service and Social Activism

This study explores the role of positive emotions—joy, hope, and empathy—leading people into social action and community service. From the psychological theories of emotional motivation and prosocial behavior, the research is interested in how these emotions contribute to immediate and long-term involvement in causes. The survey-based quantitative approach included 300 adults involved in activism or community service. Measuring happiness, hope, and empathies, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule PANAS was used. A customized Likert scale survey elicited information on participant's motivation to participate in activism. The statistical techniques conducted were correlation, regression, and mediation analysis to observe that positive emotions showed an effect on the engagement towards activism (r = 0.75 for happiness, r = 0.68 for hope, r = 0.80 for empathy, p &lt; 0.01). Empathy mediated between joy/hope and long term activism; regression analysis indicated that empathy was most predictive of long term commitment (β = 0.30). Whereas joy and hope was the prime movers in short-term activism, it is in that aspect in which empathy actually made long-term participation truly stick together. This does empirically provide evidence to require emotional induction where induction of emotion of empathy seems to make a lot with social activism activation/maintenance at work. Implications: This is very important to nonprofit organizations, activists, as well as policymakers who might look to enhance social participation, as well as long-run dedication to social causes. Further emotional interventions should be researched further; other emotional conditions should be explored for effects in activism, and causal relations with longitudinal studies could be pursued.

Empirical Study of L2 Motivation and Motivational Learning Behaviors among College Students in English for Medicine Class

This study examines the relationship between L2 motivation and motivational learning behaviors among college students enrolled in an English for Medicine course at a university in Zhejiang, China. It aims to help language teachers gain a deeper understanding of the relationship among constructs in the L2 Motivational Self System and how constructs like the Ideal L2 Self, Ought-to L2 Self, and Second Language Learning Experience influence students’ motivational learning behaviors using the L2 Motivational Self System framework. Eighty medical students were included as a sample, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather the quantitative data. Through a quantitative analysis, it is found that the students’ motivational learning behaviors are significantly predicted by both L2 motivation and Second Language Learning Experience, with a moderate influence from the Ideal L2 Self. Additionally, the Ought-to L2 Self had less impact on the students’ learning behaviors. The findings show that fostering intrinsic motivation and providing a supportive learning environment is necessary to improve students’ engagement and effort in English for medicine courses.

Secondary school learners’ understanding of Namibian boys’ underachievement and under-participation in education

To understand the manifestations of gender disparity in academic achievement between boys and girls, we conducted the Namibian boys’ underachievement in education study. In this article we present data from this study on secondary school learners’ understanding of the disparity. Using a pragmatic parallel mixed methods research design, systematic and criterion sampling techniques, we collected data by administering structured questionnaires to 4659 learners. We also conducted focus group discussions with purposefully selected learners. Some boys performed worse than girls and under-participated in education because they withdrew from learning activities, believed they could do without education, they were not interested in education, dropped out of school and did not actively participate in learning activities. Several parents undermined their sons’ educational achievement during socialization by giving them too much freedom to roam while strictly controlling the behaviour of their daughters; allowing their sons to abuse alcohol and drugs; not giving their sons responsibilities at home; not being concerned of their sons’ education, misconduct, and welfare. We have recommended that schools should establish boys’ academic intrinsic achievement motivation programmes by addressing their dysfunctional motivational attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours. Such programmes should also attend to the boys’ adverse external motivational factors such as negative peer pressure and lack of supportive family and community environments.

Perilaku Inovatif Guru Melalui Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Knowledge Sharing, dan Kompetensi Digital

This study focuses on the problem of low innovative behavior of teachers that can hinder effective learning processes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and digital competence on innovative behavior of teachers. The research method used was quantitative involving a sample of 143 teachers at the Nurul Iman Islamic Boarding School in Bogor. Data collection technique used an instrument with a Likert scale distributed to respondents, while inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant positive effect between transformational leadership and innovative behavior of teachers, where support and motivation from educational leaders contributed to increased creativity and innovation in teaching. In addition, knowledge sharing was shown to increase collaboration between teachers, while digital competence facilitated the application of technology in more innovative learning. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of developing inspirational leadership and improving teachers' digital skills to create a more dynamic and responsive learning environment to students' needs. Thus, schools need to design training programs that focus on these aspects to support teacher professional development and improve the quality of education

Initial participant perspectives about participating in an online, semi-supervised, cirrhosis-specific nutrition and exercise intervention.

In chronic diseases, there have been issues with low levels of participant adherence and retention during well-supported lifestyle behaviour change interventional studies. Theoretically informed, the objective was to explore the types of challenges participants are experiencing to inform future designs. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in an adult cirrhosis population after the first 4-6 weeks of a 12-week semi-supervised nutrition and exercise online program. Participants in the parent feasibility study, assessing the nutrition and exercise intervention (Heal-Me), were eligible for this nested study. Heal-Me is a multimodal program that is tailorable to a participant's abilities through regular interaction with the study's registered dietician and exercise specialist. Interviews (~60 min) with participants were recorded then analysed descriptively, guided by the capability, opportunity and motivational behaviour change model. The 20 participants preferred the expert-led group online nutrition and exercise classes over independent activities such as protein tracking and the exercise videos. Social gamification (e.g., weekly polls on favourite things like movies or sports teams) contributed to the group experience. All except one person required program tailoring to address preferences, abilities and new onset health events. Findings led to the inclusion of 4 behaviour change techniques to the initial 17, whereas 2 others were expanded. While program tailoring, awareness of cirrhosis nutrition and regular interactions with staff influenced participant retention and adherence in the first 4-6 weeks of the online program.

Fractionating impulsivity and reward-related phenotypes in adolescent mice.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by changes in the brain and behavior, including heightened reward seeking, increased impulsivity, and elevated risk-taking behavior. It is also a sensitive period for the development of a number of behavioral and psychiatric disorders associated with pathological phenotypes of reward processing and impulsivity. Landmark human studies are charting the development of impulsivity and other reward-related phenotypes to identify the facets and timecourse of the adolescent phenotype. Collecting similar data from mice is important to enable molecular, cellular, and circuit-level interrogation of adolescent maturation of reward, motivation, and impulsive behavior. These complex phenotypes have traditionally been difficult to assay in adolescent mice. Here, using a combination of approaches including homecage testing, we tested a number of facets of reward seeking, impulsivity, motivation, and incentive salience attribution during adolescent development. We found that adolescent mice show increased reward seeking, impulsive action, and motivation. Interestingly, we found no effect of adolescence on impulsive choice, sign-tracking, reward-learning, or conditioned reinforcement. Overall, our studies set the stage for approaches to study multi-faceted phenotypes related to impulsivity and other reward-related behaviors in adolescent mice to examine the developmental trajectories of brain and behavior.

Artikulasi Nalar Kekerasan dalam Beragama (Analisis Kultural Film Televisi “Azab”)

FTv “Azab” is one of the programs broadcast by Indosiar television station. The broadcast brought pro and contra arguments which were represented through the Panasonic Gobel Award as well as a warning from the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI). Explicitly, this television film shows scenes of violence. This raises the problem of whether violent reasoning is something that is dominant in humans and makes a major contribution in shaping one's motivation and pious behavior. Research informants are students of IAINU Kebumen. Data collection techniques were carried out through Focus Group Discussions, in-depth interviews, and observations. By applying the encoding-decoding theory of Stuart Hall and Michel Foucault's discourse perspective, this study concludes that violent reasoning does not always exist in religious practice and forms a pious attitude. Non-violent reasoning can even deny the presence of violent discourses. To obtain non-violent reasoning, one must obtain the support of knowledge and experience that becomes a framework for thinking and acting.

Why Do They Do It? A Comprehensive Review of the Fraud Triangle and the Fraud Diamond Among Fraud Offenders

This theoretical article addresses the fraud triangle and fraud diamond as explanations for fraudulent crimes. In the 1930s, Sutherland defined Sutherland fraud as a unique act, committed for personal gain, and called it “white-collar crime.” The most famous theory on this crime is Cressy’s model of the 1950s, 'the fraud triangle, with three vertexes influenced by the psychology of fraud: the first two include the opportunity to obtain personal incentives and low chances of being caught and perceived pressure, both motivating behavior and rationalization - the moral justification of fraud. When all three meet, fraud may occur. Opportunity, pressure, and justification derive from educational methods and beliefs developed over time and ingrained in the minds of fraud offenders. In 2004, researchers Wolfe and Hermanson realized that the 'fraud triangle' failed to address the important factors that motivated the fraud and introduced the 'diamond fraud,' adding the fourth vertex-capability, defining the ability and skills needed to perform a fraud offense, without which the act could not take place. These theories are universally significant in various countries and societies.

Enhancing adapted physical activity training for community organizations: co-construction and evaluation of training modules.

Community-based physical activity programmes benefit persons with disabilities. However, there is a lack of evidence-based tools to support kinesiologists' training in such programmes. This study aimed to co-create and evaluate physical activity training modules for community-based adapted physical activity (APA) programmes. In Phase 1, a working group (n = 8) consisting of staff, kinesiologists from two community-based APA programmes, and researchers met over four online meetings to discuss needs, co-create training modules, and assess usability. In Phase 2, a pre-post quasi-experimental design evaluated changes in capability, opportunity, and motivation of kinesiologists (n = 14) after completing the training modules, which included standardized mock client assessments and participant ratings of module feasibility. Means and standard deviations were computed for feasibility, followed by paired-samples t-tests, along with Hedge's correction effect size. Mock client sessions underwent coding and reliability assessment. The working group meetings generated two main themes: training in (i) motivational interviewing and behaviour change techniques and (ii) optimizing APA prescription. Nine online training modules were created. In Phase 2, medium to large effects of training modules were observed in capability (Hedge's g = 0.67-1.19) for 8/9 modules, opportunity (Hedge's g = 0.77-1.38) for 9/9 modules, and motivation (Hedge's g = 0.58-1.03) for 6/9 modules. In mock client assessments, over 78% of participants appropriately used five behaviour change techniques and, on average, participants demonstrated good use of motivational interviewing strategies. The findings indicate that training kinesiologists was feasible and has the potential to enhance community-based physical activity programmes for persons with disabilities.

Comparative Analysis of the L2 Motivational Behaviour of Spanish and Japanese Teenagers

Comparative Analysis of the L2 Motivational Behaviour of Spanish and Japanese Teenagers

The Post Effect of Embedded Neural Network Mandarin Proficiency Test on Chinese Learners

In the context of rapid technological advancement, embedded neural network technology is gradually penetrating into the field of education, especially in computer-aided language learning (CALL) platforms, bringing unprecedented changes to Mandarin proficiency testing. This study focuses on the application of embedded neural network technology in Mandarin proficiency testing and its post effects on Chinese language learners, aiming to explore in depth how this emerging technology affects learners’ performance, motivation, and long-term learning outcomes. The core of the research lies in comparing the differences in learner performance, motivation, and subsequent learning behavior between computerized testing using embedded neural network technology and traditional paper-based testing. A comparative analysis of two testing modes was conducted by selecting Chinese learners with different language proficiency levels as samples. Preliminary results show that the Mandarin proficiency test based on embedded neural networks not only significantly improves learners’ learning motivation, but also demonstrates more significant results in improving listening and speaking skills due to its personalized teaching resources and intelligent feedback mechanism. This technology simulates real language environments and provides customized learning paths, effectively enhancing learners’ engagement and learning outcomes.