Motivation Of Athletes Research Articles

Hubungan antara Persepsi Atlet Wushu Sanda Senior pada Program Latihan dengan Motivasi Berprestasi dalam Menghadapi Pekan Olahraga Provinsi (PORPROV) Tahun 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the perception of senior wushu athletes in the exercise program with achievement motivation in the face of Provincial Sports Week (PORPROV) in 2019. This study uses population studies on wushu athletes who are incorporated in Puslatkot in Kediri City with the number of athletes of 14 people consisting of 6 female athletes and 8 male athletes. The data collection tool used is the perception scale of the senior wushu athlete in the exercise program with the validity value of 0.302 - 0.886 and the reliability of 0.949 and the achievement motivation scale with the validity value of 0.452 - 0.873 and reliablitas 0,962. Data analysis using Pearson product moment correlation technique. Based on data analysis done by using product moment correlation test, obtained correlation coefficient value (r) 0,477; p = 0,000 (p <0,05) it means there is positive and significant relation between perception of senior wushu athlete in training program with achievement motivation in senior wushu athletes.

Perceived motivational factors for female football players during rehabilitation after sports injury - a qualitative interview study.

Compliance with a rehabilitation program is significant among athletes following a sports injury. It is also one of the main factors that influence the rehabilitation process; moreover, the outcome is also influenced by the athlete’s motivation. It is primarily an autonomous motivation, resulting in rehabilitation adherence. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived motivation of female football players during rehabilitation after a sports injury and the extent to which these motivating factors were autonomous. Qualitative interviews, based on a semistructured interview guide with injured female football players undergoing rehabilitation, were analyzed using content analysis. The motivational factors that were described were their set goals, social support as well as external and internal pressures during rehabilitation. The perceived autonomy varied somewhat but overall, they experienced external motivation; therefore, the behavior was not entirely self-determined. Results are expected to provide a better understanding of women football players’ motivation in relation to their rehabilitation; hence, physiotherapists and coaches who are part of the rehabilitation process can contribute by increasing the autonomous motivation, thus, improving the compliance and outcome of the rehabilitation.

The Development of Norm in Elite Athletes' Anxiety, Confidence and Motivation : Norm groups and standardization

The Development of Norm in Elite Athletes' Anxiety, Confidence and Motivation : Norm groups and standardization

The Relationship Model between the Misconduct with Motivation Coaches Elite Female Athletes

The aim of this study was to present a model of the relationship between coaches' misconduct and the progressive motivation of elite female athletes. The method of the study was a factor analysis and in terms of implementation, it was a field study. The population of the study consisted of all elite female athletes composed of two team-based and two individual sports including cycling and rowing who were invited to the national team camp in 2016. The total sample size of 190 athletes were selected. Data was collected using questionnaires including Bloorizadeh’s examination of the experience of misconduct (2013), Lange and Frisch's progressive motivation (2006). Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to predict the change and method of factor analysis, and T-test was used to examine the fitness of model and determining the effect was done by statistical softwares such as SPSS, Excel and SMART-PLS. The results of the study indicated that there were multiple relationships between the components of misconduct and the progressive motivation of elite female athletes. The components of misconduct explained the progressive motivation. Goodness of fit indices (NFI, SRMR), with their interpretation, showed that the model did not have a fairly suitable fitness and the indices should be interpreted with caution in SMART-PLS.

Expressed motives of amateur karate and taekwondo athletes for sport participation

This study aimed to investigate amateur karate and taekwondo athletes' participation motivation mutually. A total of 206 amateur karate and taekwondo athletes voluntarily participated in the study. In the study to collect data Turkish version of Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) used. The questionnaire consisted of 30 items and eight factors. In the evaluation of data in addition to descriptive statistical methods, MANOVA was used to identify significant differences. As a result, according to descriptive statistics, while the most important motive for sport participation was found to be as "skills development," the least important motive was found to be as "friend" for both karate and taekwondo athletes. But MANOVA results did not reveal any significant differences (p>.05). This result is thought to be because of both karate and taekwondo are individual sport branches and requires both skill and talent.

Translating means-end research into advertising strategy using the meccas model

This paper illustrates the translation of actual research data of a meansend analysis into concrete advertising strategies using the so called conceptualization of the components of advertising strategy - commonly referred to as model. In this case, an underlying study examined buying motives of male German recreational athletes with regards to anabolic supplements using the means-end approach. By applying the meccas model, i.e. translating the different layers of the cumulated means-end chains of this study into elements of advertising, six print-advertising strategies were developed in cooperation with a professional graphic studio. Practical applications of the meccas model with regards to its original intent of developing advertising strategies have been conducted very rarely in a scientific context. This case study will pose an illustrative example for researchers and marketers alike and also lay basis for further scrutiny of means-end theory in general.

Relationship of psychophysiological characteristics with different levels of motivation in judo athletes of high qualification

Aim : to study the connection of psychophysiological characteristics with different levels of motivation in judo athletes of high qualification. Material: highly qualified athletes were examined, members of the National Judo Team (men). All athletes (n = 25) were divided into three groups, depending on the level of motivation to achieve success. Results: it is established that the high level of motivation for achieving success in judo is provided by activation of neurodynamic, cognitive functions and the level of light resistance. Athletes with a high level of motivation to achieve success is observed the predominance of the values of neurodynamic functions: endurance of the nervous system; speed of visual reactions. Athletes with an average level of motivation to achieve success identified higher values: productivity, speed, accuracy, effectiveness of verbal information. Athletes with a predominance of avoidance of failure motivation have a preference for other groups in the speed, efficiency and stability of the processes of thinking and processing information. Conclusions: judo athletes with a predominance of motivation to avoid a failure form coping strategy to prevent psycho-emotional stress. This helps to minimize the exhaustion of vegetative resources in conditions of extreme sports activity. Judo athletes with high level of motivation to achieve success, the presence of mental state of relative comfort is associated with the search for support among others and orientation toward internal beliefs.

Performance Motivation of Elite Athletes, Recreational Athletes and Non-Athletes

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to widen knowledge about motivation of elite, recreational athletes and non-athletes. Participants from the elite athletes group (n = 35, 16.7 ± .70 years old) were football players of the Slovak national team. Recreational athletes (n = 31, 16.8 ± .80 years old) and non-athletes (n = 29, 15.7 ± .60 years old) are visiting Grammar School in Zvolen. D-M-V standardized questionnaire was used to determine performance motivation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov's test disconfirmed the null hypothesis on the normality of data. We used the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests to determine the statistical significance of the differences. The results showed that there were significant (p .0.01) differences with large effect size (η2≥ .14) in all the three (the performance motives scale, the anxiety inhibiting performance scale and the anxiety supporting performance scale) dimensions among the research groups. The motivation of elite athletes is significantly higher (p = .048; r = .25) compared to the recreational athletes. Also, compared to the non-athletes, the level of performance motivation is significantly higher (p = .002; r = .51) in the elite athletes. Based on the results of the study we can formulate the statement that the level of performance motivation is contingent on the level of sport activity.

Relationship between Athletic Identity, Sports Motivation and Dispositional Optimism among College Students Participating in Individual Sports

Relationship between Athletic Identity, Sports Motivation and Dispositional Optimism among College Students Participating in Individual Sports

The Antecedents of Coaches' Interpersonal Behaviors: The Role of the Coaching Context, Coaches' Psychological Needs, and Coaches' Motivation.

This study explored how the coaching context influences coaches' psychological needs, motivation, and reported interpersonal behaviors, using self-determination theory. In Study 1, 56 coaches identified how contextual factors influence their coaching experience. Coaches identified administration, athlete motivation, colleagues, parents, professional development, time, and work-life as having the largest impact on them. In Study 2, 424 coaches reported on their perceptions of the factors identified in Study 1 and their psychological needs, motivation, and interpersonal behaviors. Structural equation modeling analyses suggested perceptions of the coaching context supported or thwarted their psychological needs, which positively or negatively predicted their autonomous and controlled motivation. Coaches' autonomous motivation predicted their reported supportive interpersonal behaviors and controlled motivation predicted thwarting behaviors. Overall, the results provided additional support for understanding how the coaching context, coaches' psychological needs, and their motivation for coaching relate to their coaching behaviors.

The relationships of motivational climate and motivation of the university athletes

The relationships of motivational climate and motivation of the university athletes

Coaching behaviors and stakeholders’ views of coaches’ efficacy

There appears to be a relationship between coaching efficacy and athlete satisfaction, confidence, and performance, as well as coach behavior. However, little research exists, specifically within a high school setting, examining the relationship between coaches’ perceptions of efficacy and those of stakeholders (parents and athletes). The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between coaches’ efficacy and stakeholders’ views of coach efficacy. A sample of 516 coaches, 115 athletes, and 103 parents were recruited. Coaches have significantly higher levels of coaching efficacy on all four efficacy domains than the ratings from athletes and parents, while no differences between athlete and parent scores exist. Although coaches reported relatively high levels of coaching efficacy, they reported the lowest efficacy for motivation. Athletes concurred, providing the lowest scores for coaches in motivation. Implications for coaching education are discussed, including a greater need for training on implementing athlete motivation techniques.

PENGARUH PEMBERITAAN MEDIA MASSA PADA MOTIVASI OLAHRAGAWAN

Sports performance is influenced by the existence of positive and negative expectations on a particular thing. Positive expectations will have a positive impact on appearance, as well as negative expectations will have a negative impact on appearance. Positive Expectations on Sportsmen are influenced by their motivation in exercising. Great motivation will result in maximum performance. One external factor that could affect motivation to the athlete is coverage in the mass media. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of mass media coverage on the motivation of athletes. The research used qualitative design with phenomenology approach, that is reducing psychological experience of sportsman related to news in mass media. The method used to obtain data by conducting interviews, observation and documentation. The influence of mass media coverage on athletes, especially in improving degree in execution of tasks. Positively perceived news in the mass media build motivates the sportsman to try to get better. They become motivated and more enthusiastic in practicing and competing. The condition implies that when the sportsman appears to be news material in the mass media can positively increase his spirits both in practice and in the face of the game. On the other hand the negative news in the mass media did not make them pull away or down. Instead of negative news there is actually a motivation for them to show that they can be more achievers again and not as reported. It is also a correction for them to improve themselves. Suggestions that can be drawn from the conclusions and implications of this study are as follows: For athletes, can be a reference for how to process information appropriately, to develop motivation. For the media, to help the athlete through the construction of news coverage in the mass media to build athletes motivation.

Assessing objective achievement motivation in elite athletes: A comparison according to gender, sport type, and competitive level

The main aim of the study was to compare the objective achievement motivation of elite athletes according to gender, sport type, and competitive level. The study used an objective measure of achievement motivation to complement existing subjective measures used in research. A total of 135 Singaporean national athletes were recruited for this study, and completed the Objective Achievement Motivation Test (OLMT) using the Vienna Test System. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that there were significant main effects for gender, sport type, and competitive level. Males were found to have higher motivation through competition than females; team sport athletes were found to have higher motivation through competition than individual sport athletes; and athletes of higher competitive level were found to have greater task-related motivation than athletes of lower competitive level. These findings help both researchers and applied sport psychology practitioners understand how the achievement motivation of athletes can vary due to different factors. Future research should be conducted to investigate how the OLMT can be applied to other athlete populations as well.

Some Psychometric Characteristics of a Lithuanian Version of the Sport Motivation Scale / Lietuviškos Sporto motyvacijos skalės kai kurios psichometrinės charakteristikos

Sports motivation is a significant object of research in sports science; therefore, it is important to apply reliable research instruments to investigate it. The sport motivation scale is one of such instruments (Pelletier et al., 1995). In the context of Lithuania, the sport motivation scale has been applied in doctoral research to measure sports motivation of adolescents attending orienteering sport and sports tourism. Later this version of the scale was applied in Lithuania in several research works. It should be noted that all research works carried out in the populations of children and adolescents doing sports in Lithuania were limited by young athletes representing one or two sports, and the samples were quite small. The demand for an instrument to measure sports motivation as well as the cause of insufficient psychometric investigation of the sport motivation scale determined the aim of this research: to psychometrically assess the Lithuanian version of the sport motivation scale. Motivation of young athletes has been measured by the sport motivation scale (Pelletier et al., 1995). The process of translation of the sport motivation scale into Lithuanian and its correction proceeded in several stages. The research involved 688 young athletes (463 boys and 225 girls) from various sports schools and other nonformal institutions of education in Lithuania. The age of the surveyed varied around 14–18 years, the average age was 15.61 ± 1.97 years. The average duration of attending sports clubs was 4.74 ± 2.88 years. Reliability and inner coherence of the subscales have been found grounding on the following: 1) Cronbach α coefficient; 2) correlations of the statement with the subscale by the ITC (Item-total Correlation) coefficient and 3) Cronbach α coefficient, efficient having eliminated the statement (α e.t.). Linear statistical links between the variables have been found out by applying Spearman correlation coefficient. Values of Cronbach α coefficient varied from 0.65 to 0.80, average was 0.72. The minimal value of the coefficient of the correlation of separate statements with subscales varied from 0.36 to 0.57, and maximum was from 0.52 to 0.66. After Cronbach α eliminated the statement, the test showed that, having eliminated any statement from the subscale, values of Cronbach α coefficient would not increase. Values of Cronbach α coefficient are very close to the original version of the sport motivation scale. In research by Pelletier et al. (1995), Cronbach α coefficient varied from 0.63 to 0.80, and the average was 0.75. The main advantage of this research lies in design and psychometric assessment of the Lithuanian scale to measure sports motivation. The research is highly relevant in the context of sports science in Lithuania because it is the first questionnaire on sports motivation grounded on the theory of resolution. Psychometric parameters of the Lithuanian scale aimed to measure sports motivation are quite good; therefore, the scale is suitable to measure and assess manifestation of young (14–18 years) athletes’ motivation in the context of self-determination theory. Keywords: sport motivation scale, sports motivation, self-determination theory, psychometrics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/sm.2017.13

Quantification the motivation level of the athletes

To obtain sports performance, motivation plays a crucial role, especially in the psychological preparation of athletes. The effectiveness of sports activity decreases when there is a minimum level of motivation or an over-motivation and increase if there is an optimal level of motivation. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the level of motivation of the athletes,especially those who practice sports games. In order to fulfill objectives, we used questionnaire based survey method, using for this purpose Motivation in Sport Scale (SMS-28) developed by Pelletier et al., 1995. This allows us to investigate the motivation of athletes and the type motivation -intrinsic motivation (three subscales), extrinsic motivation (three subscales)and amotivation level of each athlete. Conclusions and recommendations are stated as determining the level of athlete motivational drive generates motivational strategies for optimizing and maximizing sports performance psychological preparation.Keywords: Motivation, sports, questionnaire, intrinsic, extrinsic.

Goal Setting with Athlete’s Confidence and Motivation

This research discusses the relation between goal setting with self-confidence and athlete motivation. This research aims to understand the significance between goal setting with self-confidence and athlete’s motivation. To know the significance, this research employed descriptive correlational method with 30 West Java PPLP athletes as the sample and using questionnaire as the instrument. Based on the data analysis, it is revealed that there is a positive relation between goal setting and self-confidence with correlational coefficient 0.933 and significance degree 13.71, and there is positive relation between goal setting and motivation with correlational coefficient 0.974 and significance degree 22.73, and there is positive relation between self-confidence and motivation with correlational coefficient 0.966 and significance degree 19.70. Based on that result, researcher suggested that goal setting should be delivered to the athletes because it can influence athlete’s confidence and motivation therefore it influence athlete’s achievements.

Self-determined motivation and life satisfaction in Portuguese veterans athletes

The aims of this work were to determine correlations and predictive variables, between the levels of motivation, basic psychological needs and life satisfaction of Portuguese veteran athletes. The sample consisted in 684 Portuguese veteran athletes of both genders, aged between 30 and 90 years (M = 43.78 DP = 8.61), competitors of various modalities. As instruments we used the Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), the Basic Psychological Needs Scale Exercise (BPNES), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and Positives and Negatives Affections Scale (PANAS). It was applied the bivariate Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression.The results showed that the veteran athletes present a good self-determination for the sport practice, being their welfare levels in life satisfaction related to the same self-determination, but rather dependent on the affections produced by sports. This study is presented as a contribution to understanding the role of sport in promoting wellness in veteran sports population.

Concussion in Ice Hockey: Current Gaps and Future Directions in an Objective Diagnosis.

This review provides an update on sport-related concussion (SRC) in ice hockey and makes a case for changes in clinical concussion evaluation. Standard practice should require that concussions be objectively diagnosed and provide quantitative measures of the concussion injury that will serve as a platform for future evidence-based treatment. The literature was surveyed to address several concussion-related topics: research in ice hockey-related head trauma, current subjective diagnosis, promising components of an objective diagnosis, and current and potential treatments. Sport-related head trauma has marked physiologic, pathologic, and psychological consequences for athletes. Although animal models have been used to simulate head trauma for pharmacologic testing, the current diagnosis and subsequent treatment in athletes still rely on an athlete's motivation to report or deny symptoms. Bias-free, objective diagnostic measures are needed to guide quantification of concussion severity and assessment of treatment effects. Most of the knowledge and management guidelines of concussion in ice hockey are generalizable to other contact sports. There is a need for an objective diagnosis of SRC that will quantify severity, establish a prognosis, and provide effective evidence-based treatment. Potential methods to improve concussion diagnosis by health care providers include a standardized concussion survey, the King-Devick test, a quantified electroencephalogram, and blood analysis for brain cell-specific biomarkers.

Motivation of Slovenian and Norwegian Nordic Athletes towards Sports, Education and Dual Career

This research examined the motivation towards dual career of Norwegian and Slovenian elite Nordic athletes who compete in specific sports disciplines (cross-country skiing, ski jumping and biathlon) where winter conditions are essential. Due to preparations, trainings and competitions these athletes are often far away from their place of residence and education and make every effort to coordinate their sports career and their education. The sample consisted of 51 Norwegian (female: n = 18, age: 25.2 ± 3.7; male: n = 33, age: 23.6 ± 3.6) and 66 Slovenian athletes (female: n = 31, age: 22.9 ± 5.82; male: n = 35, age: 22.0 ± 4.59) who participate in the elite competitions. We have examined the links between three types of motivation (for study, sports and dual career) and socio-demographic characteristics. The factor analysis of the SAMSAQ-EU questionnaire demonstrated a three-factor model and the Crombach's Alpha reliability test confirmed the reliability of the measurement of three latent dimensions of motivation: AM (alpha = 0.878), SAM (alpha = 0.738) and CAM (alpha = 0.694). The results showed that female athletes are more motivated towards education than male athletes and that Slovenian athletes are more motivated towards sports careers than their Norwegian peers. The parents of the respondents from Norway (fathers as well as mothers) tend to have higher education than the parents of the Slovenian athletes, whereas the mothers have higher education than the fathers. More educated (Norwegian) parents contributed significantly to their children's involvement in sports, whereas Slovenian athletes would generally choose their sports career by themselves. Our research did not show significant links between the factor of motivation towards education and the factor of motivation towards sports. Although Norway and Slovenia both experience the lack of structural measures for education of elite athletes in higher education, student-athletes of both countries are highly motivated towards academic and sports career.