School Motivation Research Articles

Trajectories of early adolescents' perceptions of school motivation and effort during the pandemic in Perú: A four time point longitudinal observational study

In this longitudinal, observational study, following 883 adolescents (aged 11–15 years, grades 6th - 8th) we tracked changes in perceived school motivation and effort across four time points during the two years of remote education in Perú as a consequence of COVID-19 (retrospective reports before the pandemic, May 2020, July 2021, and November 2021). Compared to before the pandemic, levels of perceived school motivation and effort dropped sharply in May 2020 and continued to decrease across 2 years. Perceived school motivation was positively associated with perceived school effort at almost all time points. Furthermore, students with lower levels of perceived school motivation had a steeper decline in perceived school effort. In a subsample of 380 students in 8th grade, perceived school effort in July 2021 predicted objective math performance in November 2021. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has further compounded decreases in subjective and objective indices of school engagement and performance that are typically observed in early adolescence. Our results from a large sample of low- to middle-class Peruvian adolescents highlight the experiences of youth in a country that had particularly long school closures, and that is under-represented in the literature.

Bibliometric Analysis: STEM Research in High Schools (1988-2023)

STEM, an educational model, equips gifted students with essential skills to foster creative problem-solving. The aim of this study was to capture the STEM-related landscape in high schools. The method used is bibliometric analysis. The data retrieved comes from the database Scopus. The results show that STEM-related publications in high schools continue to increase every year, especially from 2016 to 2021. Publications in 2011 have cited more than 160 citations, this number is more than any other year. Indonesia is the most influential country in this field. The focus of research related to this field is 1) outcomes and motivation; 2) critical thinking and 21st century; 3) problems and development. The new theme for this field is critical thinking, 21st century, project-based learning (PjBL), covid and perception. Keywords that become new themes such as critical thinking not yet connected directly with keywords with other new themes such as perception. Keywords that were the primary focus, such as motivation, outcomes, and STEM in high schools, did not directly align with the emerging theme of Covid. This novelty offers valuable insights for future research.

Different forms of students’ motivation and musical creativity in secondary school

AbstractStudent motivation has been conceived as a crucial factor in the learning processes. However, research in motivation and creative learning in the secondary education music classroom has been limited. Student motivation is explored in this article through a collaborative action research study, in the form of several projects centred on the creation of music through group improvisation and cooperative composition, conducted over the course of five 1-year cycles, from 2008 to 2013. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the aspects determining student motivation during creative learning processes. Three secondary schools in the region of Madrid (Spain), eleven third-year secondary school classes (n = 267), teachers, researchers and artists participated in the study. Data were gathered through participant and non-participant observations, interviews, a classroom diary, and a questionnaire. In the findings, six intrinsically linked connected forms of motivation are grouped in three levels and are related to different factors emerged during the teaching and learning processes and connected to creativity.

Survey of learning motivation of elementary school students starting face-to-face learning after the covid 19 pandemic in Bangli regency

This study aims to determine the level of learning motivation of elementary school students when starting face-to-face learning. This type of research is quantitative research, using survey methods. This research on students' learning motivation in elementary schools took Bangli Regency. Data collection is done by distributing surveys using Google Forms. The results showed that the dimension of persistence in learning was in the very good category with an average of 82.59%, the dimension of achievement in learning was included in the good category with an average of 76.55%, the independent dimension in learning was included in the very good category with an average percentage of 83.66%. Meanwhile, the dimensions of rewards and punishments in learning are included in the good category with an average percentage of 71.73%. The average percentage of the four dimensions is 78.63%, this result is included in the category of good learning motivation.

The Association Between Online Class-Related Anxiety and Academic Achievement Among Undergraduates

Online classrooms have become an important way to cope with the uncertainty of changing teaching and learning contexts in universities since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this learning mode has caused new physical and mental health issues, such as online class-related anxiety. We investigated the association between online class-related anxiety and undergraduates' academic achievement. The results showed that online classrelated anxiety had a negative correlation with undergraduates' academic achievement. Intrinsic school motivation mediated the relationship between online class-related anxiety and academic achievement, but extrinsic school motivation suppressed the negative link between these variables. Gender played a moderating role in the process of online class-related anxiety affecting academic achievement. This study expands the research perspective of achievement emotion theory, especially in the online learning environment. Emotional intervention strategies can be adjusted according to the gender of college students to promote the improvement of academic achievement.

Hubungan Dukungan Orang Tua dengan Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Learning motivations is a sense of enthusiasm felt by students with the characteristics of feeling and taking action to achieve a goal. The role of parents at home greatly influences the student’s learning process during distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parental support and student learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic in junior high schools. This type of research is quantitative with a correlative research design using design cross sectional, using a proportional random sampling technique to 100 respondents. The results of the study were respondents who had high parental support with a high level of learning motivation (65.2%), and with low learning motivation (34.8%). Meanwhile, respondents who have low parental support with a high level of motivation to learn (22,2%), and with low motivation (77,8%) with a value of p = 0.000 (p< 0,05). The results showed a positive relationship between parental support and student motivation in junior high schools. Suggestions for parents are expected to spend their time and pay more attention to children's learning, so that children will have enthusiasm for learning.

Students’ motivation to study science: The case of Arab students in Israel

The current study investigates the level of students’ motivation in Arab schools in Israel to study science subjects. In addition, we examined whether there was a difference in motivation: (1) between students in different types of schools (elementary, middle, and secondary schools), (2) between boys and girls, (3) between students according to the educational achievement, and (4) between students studying with male or female teachers. The study included 838 students from the different schools. The convenience sample method was used in which 25 items assessed five motivational categories: intrinsic, career, self-determination, self-efficacy, and achievement. The findings of the study showed that the motivation level among students to study science subjects was significantly high in all Arab schools (p≤0.05), but there were significant differences between the three types of schools (p≤0.05). In addition, the study revealed that the motivation level to study science was significantly higher: (1) among girls than among boys (p≤0.05), (2) among students with a high level of achievement than among students with medium/low levels (p≤0.05), and (3) among students whose teachers are females than among students whose teachers are males (p≤0.05).

HAND MOVEMENT METHOD AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE MOTIVATION OF MEMORY OF THE QUR'AN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGKAJEN YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

This study aims to increase motivation in memorizing the Qur'an by using the hand gesture method on Al-Qur'an material in VA class students at SD Muhammadiyah Karangakjen Yogyakarta. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this study were 11 students in class VA at SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and oral tests. Data were analyzed qualitatively through reduction, presentation and interpretation of data. Quantitative analysis through descriptive statistical analysis is presented in tabular form. The results showed that there was an increase in students' learning motivation, namely at the action stage 80% of their learning motivation had reached the high category with a score between 25-30. The use of the hand gesture method is known to increase motivation to memorize the Koran in VA class students at SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen. From this study it can be concluded that there is a significant and positive influence between the use of hand gestures on students' learning motivation in elementary schools.

Principal Transformational Leadership in Increasing Teacher Motivation in Schools

Currently, the teaching and learning process is still becoming an issue that is faced in Indonesian education. The teaching and learning process is still centered on the teacher, and there is a lack of innovation and creativity from the teacher to involve students in building their knowledge. For the teachers to be encouraged to innovate in the learning process, work motivation is needed. The work motivation of the teacher will certainly affect the teacher's performance in learning outcomes and the quality of learning. One effort to increase teacher motivation is through support from the principal. The principal must know and understand the factors that cause the low motivation of each teacher. The principal must start by establishing communication with each teacher to identify the source of the problem of low motivation. As one of the solutions to increase teacher work motivation is the implementation of transformational leadership. Transformational leadership is a leadership theory that has the goal of changing into a leadership theory that can be implemented by school principals in solving problems related to teacher work motivation in schools.

Motivation and academic performance in adolescents

Adolescence is the period of growth between childhood and adulthood. This period of development, which goes from 13 to 18 years, is usually presented as critical, due to the profound modifications of physiological and psychological order in this research we worked with a sample of 60 students, from Secondary School No. 8, morning and evening shift. An instrument was made with 45 variables, 5 of them signalytic: age, gender, an average of the previous cycle, performing some extracurricular activity, and shift. The information was processed in the SPSS and STATISTIC programs. The conclusions showed that the student, by showing a need to learn, is able to develop different academic skills through different factors, such as motivation, thus improving their school performance. Thus proposes the development of an intervention model, for training teachers, on motivation methods in the classroom; As well as conferences on the importance of the topic of adolescent motivation and the factors involved in improving academic performance, teachers and parents will be taught and publicity will be developed on the importance of school motivation in adolescents and how it intervenes from home, at school and how this influences academic results.

The Influence of Principal Leadership and Motivation on Teacher Professionalism at Senior High School 2 Wajo

This study aims to determine whether the principal's leadership has a significant effect on the professionalism of State Senior High School 2 Wajo teachers. 2) The principal's leadership has a significant influence on the professionalism and motivation of State Senior High School 2 Wajo teachers. 3) Motivation has a significant effect on the professionalism of State Senior High School 2 Wajo teachers. This research was conducted at two public high schools in Wajo, which are in the Limpomajang sub-district, Majauleng sub-district, and Wajo district. The research method used is descriptive analysis (quantitative) by analyzing the influence of the principal's leadership and motivation on the professionalism of teachers at State Senior High School 2 Wajo, which amounted to 17 samples. The results showed that 1) the principal's leadership had a significant effect on the professionalism of State Senior High School 2 Wajo teachers by 88%, which was in the very good category. 2) The motivation of the principal had a significant effect on the professionalism of State Senior High School 2 Wajo teachers by 88.70%, which was in the very good category. 3) Teacher professionalism has a significant effect on the leadership motivation of the principal of State Senior High School 2, Wajo, by 91%.

Effect of Interpersonal Communication and Learning Facilities on Learning Motivation in Elementary Schools, Sorong Regency

This study aims to determine whether there is an influence from parents' interpersonal communication and learning facilities at home on students' learning motivation in elementary schools in Sorong Regency. This type of research is a quantitative correlational design. Using multiple linear regression statistical techniques with a significance level of 5%. Data was collected in class V at SD Inpres 15, Sorong Regency, with 53 students. The results showed a positive and significant influence between parents' interpersonal communication and learning facilities at home on students' learning motivation in elementary schools. This result is evidenced by the analysis results, namely the Sig value of 0.000 <0.05, which means the hypothesis is accepted. As for the results of the coefficient of determination, that is equal to 0.546 and shows that the influence of interpersonal communication between parents and learning facilities at home on student motivation is equal to 54.6%. So interpersonal communication and learning facilities positively affect students' learning motivation.

PENGARUH MUSIK TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR dan EMOSIONAL SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Music is art in the form of sound produced from various musical instruments or vocals which are arranged harmoniously, rhythmically and melodically. Music can be used in the learning process of elementary school students. Music can increase students' learning motivation by providing an uplifting and interesting atmosphere for students in the learning process. In addition, music can also help improve student focus and concentration in learning. Research shows that music can affect a person's emotions, including students. Music that has a fast tempo can increase student excitement and enthusiasm, while slower music can help calm and relax students. Therefore, music can help reduce student stress and anxiety in learning. Therefore, the authors are interested in conducting a literature study on the effect of music on students' learning and emotional motivation in elementary schools. The purpose of this study is to provide benefits to readers by increasing understanding and knowledge about the use of music in learning can increase students' learning motivation in elementary schools. This research uses the method of literature research (Literature Research). Based on the results of the literature study that has been done, it can be concluded that music can influence students' motivation and emotions so that learning is carried out more fun.

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS' JOB PERFORMANCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

This study investigated conflict management and teachers job performance in selected senior secondary schools in Kogi State. The objectives of the study included identifying the sources of conflict between principals and teachers in senior secondary schools in Kogi State, investigating the impact of conflict management on teachers' efficiency in senior secondary schools in Kogi State, examining conflict management challenges facing teachers' effectiveness and motivation in senior secondary schools in Kogi State and to bring to light conflict management strategies that will boost teachers' performance in senior secondary schools in Kogi State. Utilizing frustration-aggression theory, the study adopted descriptive survey research design with the population of the study comprising of 3,300 teachers and Principals from 283 senior secondary schools in Kogi State. A sample of 341 was drawn using Krjcie & Morgan table. Simple random sampling cum purposive sampling techniques were used to select 341 teachers and principals for the study. The hypotheses of the study were tested using t-test analysis of mean score and standard deviation. In this study, questionnaire served as a major tool for collection of data for the study. The instrument was validated by three experts One from Measurement and evaluation and two from educational administration and planning. A reliability co-coefficient of 0.82 was obtained. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while t-test statistics was employed in testing the stated hypotheses for the study. The findings of this study indicated unfavourable condition of service, late payment of entitlements, managerial inefficiency, misunderstanding, organizations role ambiguity, conflict of interests over schools' resources etc as sources of conflict in the schools, it also revealed boosting teachers' morales, enhances teachers' job performances, boosting teachers confidence and integrity etc as effects of effective conflict management, common challenges disrupting conflict management included communication barriers, inadequate interactions between staff etc in the study area. The study finally unveiled factors such as effective Welfare Scheme for teachers, dialogue, regular payment of salary and arrears to teachers, management open door policy and mounting of suggestion boxes around the school premises etc as effective conflict managemnt strategies. The study therefore recommended that government secondary schools in Kogi State should create and maintain a level playing field for its staff and should apply effective conflict management strategies to boost organizational performance and teachers' job performance and also dialogue as an effective conflict management strategy should be adopted for the resolution of conflicts in Senior Secondary schools in Kogi State etc.
 Keywords: Conflict Management, Conflict, Job Performance, Teachers, Secondary Schools, Formal Education.

Using Dancesport as an Educational Resource for Improving Institutionalized Children's Learning Strategies.

Specialized studies mention that extracurricular activities (including dance) contribute to the stimulation of multiple intelligences, on whose development the educational process and academic success depend. The aims of the study were to investigate the benefits of dancesport for the development of institutionalized children's learning strategies, and to examine gender-dependent differences in learning strategies, as well as to formulate possible recommendations regarding the practice of dance at the age of preadolescence, from the perspective of school success vectors. Through the School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory (SMALSI), we could observe the changes produced in children from the initial phase to the final assessment at the end of a dancesport program. The intervention took place over a period of six months with a frequency of two lessons per week, with each lesson lasting 60 min, and aimed to increase school motivation and performance, considering the learning strategies used by institutionalized children. Thirty institutionalized children, aged 11-12 years old, participated in the research, during which they did not engage in other extracurricular physical activities. The preadolescents were assessed using the School Motivation and Learning Strategies Inventory (SMALSI). This self-report rating scale measures nine areas associated with learning strategies, six of which focus on student strengths (study strategies, note-taking/listening skills, reading/comprehension strategies, writing/research skills, test-taking strategies, and time management/organization techniques), and three are aimed at student liabilities (low academic motivation, test anxiety, and concentration/attention difficulties). The results show that the biggest improvements in the case of institutionalized children were recorded for study strategies, effectiveness of test-taking strategies, and concentration difficulties. Girls registered significantly better results than boys only in the case of study strategies and for writing/research skills (Mann-Whitney test was used). The study demonstrates the benefits of dancesport practice for the development of institutionalized children's learning strategies, creating a foundation for the improvement of their academic performance and school integration. At the end of the dance program, significant improvements in academic interest were observed due to the testing strategies used. Better results were also obtained for the scales of anxiety and difficulty concentrating during tests, where average scores decreased significantly.

Pelatihan Positive Self Talk untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Siswa Belajar di Sekolah

<p class="8Abstractcontent">Learning motivation is one of those things that students must have to support the learning process well. Pandemic which has been going on since 2019 required students to learn online and get help from parents in learning. When the normal system is applied again, the students lack of confidence in learning process and doing the task independently. Based on this problem, this community service activity is carried out to improve the student motivation in schools by changing their irrational thinking and turning it into rational thinking through positive self-talk. The method of community service activity begins with data collection through interviews and observations, then conducting analysis of needs, implementing stages, and evaluation. This activity takes well place and students know the simple way that can be done to increase student in learning motivation.</p>

Role of Reward System on Teacher Motivation in Public Secondary Schools in Ilala Municipality

This study sought to link performance, the level of teachers’ motivation and the reward systems existing in public secondary schools in Ilala Municipality. The study involved a total of 397 respondents including teachers, quality assurers, and heads of schools as key respondents to whom questionnaires and interviews were administered (only 20 participants were involved in the interview out of 397). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study findings revealed that there was no relationship between the level of teachers’ motivation and the reward systems existing in public secondary schools. While the reward system such as timely salary payment, the existence of timely rewarding system with clear performance standards set for rewarding, and existence of fair opportunities for professional development among teachers are linked to performance. However, findings further revelaed that the majority of teachers were demotivated by factors such as lack of transport, office space, housing facilities, poor working conditions, such as, shortage of classrooms, which resulted into having packed classrooms. Other factors include unclear reward system and low salaries compared to other professions. It is recommended that rewarding systems should be clear and communicated to teachers. Ilala Municipality should ensure the availability of teachers houses in school proximity, adopting clear guidelines for rewarding teachers, ensure that teachers are paid reasonable salaries, improving teacher working environment such as ensuring availability of teaching resources in schools. It is also recommended that, future research should be expanded to other regions of Tanzania; and includes more variable; such as issues of workload, stress and stress management and mental health towards employees’ performance. The analysis techniques also should include multilevel analysis as it is expected to have groups and nested data. To conclude, the government should improve teaching and learning environment.

Understanding new approaches to professional learning community practice and secondary school teacher motivation

<span lang="EN-US">This study was determining the link between professional learning community (PLC) practice and teacher motivation in secondary schools in the Jeli District, Malaysia. The cross-sectional research method was chosen, and the research instrument were the Professional Learning Community Assessment-Revised (PLCA-R) and the Assessment of Teacher Motivation Questionnaire (ATMQ). The sample were used 171 from a population of 306 individuals. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26.0 was used to analyze the study data. The result demonstrated that instructors in remote regions are working hard to guarantee that the professional learning community program is beneficial to them while also increasing their teaching motivation. The study’s implications have demonstrated the importance of cultivating the practice of professional learning communities in schools. Thus, the school can make continuous improvements to improve student performance as well as be a catalyst to motivate teachers to work harder to improve the quality of teaching and learning.</span>

Development and internal validation of an instrument to measure the motivation of residents for family medicine

BackgroundFor several decades, medical school graduates’ motivation to specialise in family medicine is decreasing. Therefore, residents in family medicine must be motivated for the profession and finish their residency.ObjectivesGoal of the current study is the development and internal validation of an instrument to measure the residents’ motivation for family medicine, which is based on the self-determination theory: STRength mOtivatioN General practitioner (STRONG).MethodsWe used an existing instrument, the ‘Strength of Motivation for Medical School,’ adapted the 15 items and added a 16th item to make it suitable for residency in family medicine. After a review by experts, the questionnaire was sent to 943 residents of family medicine in Bavaria, Germany, in December 2020. An exploratory factor analysis for the STRONG item scores was carried out. The items were analysed for grouping into subscales by using principal component analysis. Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was determined for calculating the reliability of the subscales.ResultsAfter analysis, the questionnaire appeared to consist of two subscales: ‘Willingness to sacrifice’ (eight items, Cronbach’s alpha is 0.82) and ‘Persuasion’ (five items, Cronbach’s alpha is 0.61). The factor analysis with Promax rotation resulted in two factors explaining 39.6% of the variance. The Cronbach’s alpha of the full scale is 0.73.ConclusionBased on the internal validation, the STRONG Instrument appears to have good reliability and internal validity, assuming a two-factor structure. This may therefore be a helpful instrument for measuring the strength of the motivation of (future) family medicine residents.

A study on the relationship between motivation and psychological state during preparation for the examination

To explore the relationship between motivation of further education and students' psychological state during exam preparation, and to provide guidance for preventing students' anxiety due to excessive stress and for early psychological intervention. The students' motivation for graduate school was quantified by preparing a Postgraduate Motivation Scale（PMS）. Reliability testing of the PMS using the results of a survey of 800 school students. The students' psychological state was analyzed in combination with anxiety and stress values,Mental health monitoring for students once a month during exam preparation(June~ December). Cronbach's α was 0.926, the fold-half reliability was 0.887, the retest reliability was 0.931, and the Cronbach's α coefficients of the four subscales were 0.74, 0.83, 0.79, and 0.92. The results of the anxiety and stress tests showed that the average anxiety value of the "active" group was 5.81 less than that of the "passive" group, and 61.64% of the total number of students had anxiety during the preparation period, while 31.2% felt too much stress. Students' negative emotions are positively related to the value of motivation to study for the exam, and the phenomenon of anxiety and the emergence of stressful emotions have a certain time difference. Feelings of anxiety during exam preparation are temporary and disappear with the end of the exam.