Motivation In Physical Education Research Articles

Особливості інтеграції музики й рухової діяльності школярів у процесі фізичного виховання

Актуальність. Багаторічний досвід учителів фізичного виховання та наукові дослідження свідчать про, те що музика стимулює активність нервової системи, викликає зміни у функціональному стані організму, змінює напруження м’язів, швидкість роботи серця, ритм дихання й ін. Слухання музики створює в учнів певний емоційний стан (залежно від її характеру). Музика також є важливим засобом підвищення мотивації школярів до занять фізкультурою та спортом. Мета дослідження – визначити специфіку інтеграції музики і рухової діяльності в процесі фізичного виховання школярів. Методи дослідження – аналіз літератури з педагогіки музичного виховання, теорії і методики фізичного виховання; анкетування учнів і вчителів; психолого- педагогічні спостереження на уроках фізкультури. Результати дослідження. Аналіз педагогічного досвіду із застосуванням музики на заняттях фізкультури й спорту у школах різних європейських країн свідчить про те, що музику не раціонально застосовувати протягом усього уроку (45 хв). Її використовують у підготовчій частині, 6–10 хв основної частини (у разі її відповідності запропонованим учням вправам), на коротких етапах 5–8 хв та в завершальній частині до 3–5 хв. У статті розглянуто також рекомендації щодо вибору музики на різних етапах уроку залежно від засобів фізичної культури. Висновки. Інтеграція музики й рухової активності в процесі фізичного виховання учнів загальноосвітніх шкіл спрямована на гармонійний розвиток особистості у фізичному, психічному та естетичному аспектах, активізації музично-рухового навчання, підвищенні ролі музичного мистецтва у сфері загальної життєдіяльності дітей. Застосування функціональної музики на уроках фізкультури й позакласних спортивних заняттях сприяє підвищенню емоційного стану, більш якісному виконанню учнями фізичних вправ, підвищує рухову активність, позитивно впливає на розвиток естетичних почуттів, сприяє поєднанню музики та рухової діяльності в процесі фізичного виховання школярів.

Supporting Subject Justification by Educational Psychology: A Systematic Review of Achievement Goal Motivation in School Physical Education

Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) has been applied as core concept for understanding and promoting students’ motivation in physical education (PE) and shows considerable relevance for theoretically and empirically justifying the significance of PE. However, systematically organized reviews of empirical research on AGT are limited to physical activities without explicit PE perspective. First, we aimed to compile basic tenets of AGT and its pedagogical potential for PE. Second, to bring together key findings and discuss future research, we systematically examined the existing empirical literature that applied AGT constructs in both observational and interventional PE settings. We searched the Web of Science, Scopus, Education Source, ERIC, SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index, PsychInfo, and PsychArticles databases to identify English-language peer-reviewed journal articles with no restriction to publication date. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. Two independent reviewers screened all studies identified for eligibility, and assessed the methodological quality as well as the risk of bias. A total of 91 studies were included for analysis. Most of the studies (70) were observational, 21 studies were intervention based. On average, the methodological quality of the included studies was moderate and the risk of bias was moderate to high. Mastery goals, mastery-approach goals, and mastery climates appear to be highly relevant for supporting multiple political and curricular PE aims such as psychological well-being, motor skill development, general sports participation, prosocial behavior, and aspects of healthy living. Achievement goal profiles combining high mastery goals, high to low performance goals, and performance-approach goals partly show desirable functions. The results provide comprehensive information for planning and shaping PE lessons based on AGT constructs that match the intended ambitions. The integration of the results into everyday school PE practice is a promising avenue for promoting students’ motivation in PE and for fulfilling the overall political and curricular aims. However, this may be challenging in PE practice, as PE teachers at least partially follow a performance-pedagogical structure, including an orientation towards agonal sports, competition, and social comparison.

Изучение мотивации к занятиям физической культурой и спортом у студентов – юношей на примере Вологодского государственного университета

Изучение мотивации к занятиям физической культурой и спортом у студентов – юношей на примере Вологодского государственного университета

Motivational Profiles of High School Physical Education Students: The Role of Controlling Teacher Behavior.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to identify distinct motivational profiles in high school Physical Education students. These motivational profiles were examined in relation to controlling teacher behaviors, as well as to various psychological correlates including the perceived importance of physical activity to the student, student intentions to be physically active, psychological need satisfaction and current physical activity levels. (2) Methods: 416 high school Physical Education students comprised the sample. (3) Results: Cluster analysis and additional multivariate analyses revealed two motivational profiles, Wilk’s Λ = 0.56, F (7, 431) = 45.50, p < 0.01. The “Self-Determined” profile was characterized by high levels of self-determined motivation; high levels of competence, autonomy and relatedness; importance of physical activity; stronger intentions to engage in physical activity; and greater current actual physical activity involvement. The “Less Self-Determined” profile was associated with the perception of controlling teacher behaviors, and with greater external regulation and amotivation. (4) Conclusions: These findings help to provide new insights into the explanation of student motivation in Physical Education and the design of intervention programs.

Peranan Ekstrakurikuler Olahraga terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of extracurricular sports activities on students' motivation in physical education at Cimahi City 7 Junior High School. The research method used is the expoct facto method. The research population was students of class VII to IX who were active in the extracurricular activities of futsal, soccer, volleyball, and basketball as many as 40 people with a sample of each extracurricular are 10 people both sons and daughters. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The analysis technique used is percentage. The results of this study indicate that the role of extracurricular sports activities has a very large influence on students' motivation in attending physical education learning which is equal to 86.5% which falls into the very high category.

Developmental relations between motivation types and physical activity in elementary school children

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to observe the developmental trajectories of motivation types among young children from 8 to 12 years using a more comprehensive scale of physical education motivation. We also tested the relations between these trajectories and objective physical activity during this period. DesignStudents in grades 5–7 (n = 1202; 51.2% boys) were recruited from 17 elementary schools. Three cohorts completed the motivation questionnaire four times and objective physical activity was measured up to four times over a two years school period. MethodMeasurement invariance of the scale was tested across cohorts and occasions. Multiple group multiple cohort growth models were estimated to determine motivation types trajectories. Regression models were then built to predict children’s slope of MVPA during this period. ResultsWe provided strong measurement invariance to a new and more comprehensive scale of PE motivation. Latent growth curve modeling indicated trajectories that decrease on average for all forms of motivations at this early age. Results also revealed some relations between motivation’s scores and objective physical activity trajectories, especially with autonomous motivation. ConclusionsOur study revealed the earliest decline of motivation towards physical education to have ever been highlighted in elementary school children. Relations between trajectory of intrinsic stimulation and PA behavior permitted us to highlight the possible role of autonomous motivation in minimizing the decline of children’s PA behavior during PE lesson.

Effect of self-determined motivation in physical education on objectively measured habitual physical activity

Grounded in the trans-contextual model, the purpose of the present study was to examine the role of self-determined motivation in Physical Education (PE) on self-determined motivation in Physical Activity (PA), PA intention, and accelerometer-measured habitual PA behavior among high-school aged adolescents. A sample of 394 Spanish high-school students (211 males and 183 females; aged 12-16 years) participated in the present study. The outcome measure of PA was established using accelerometry, whereas motivation toward PA and PE as well as PA intention were measured using validated questionnaires. Path analyses supported in part the central propositions of the trans-contextual model. Self-determined motivation in PE predicted the self-determined motivation in PA (β=.45, p&amp;lt;.001, R2=.26). Self-determined motivation in PA predicted PA intention (β=.51, p&amp;lt;.001, R2=.41). The predictive strength from PA intention to behavior was weak (β=.11, p=.011, R2=.21) with a statistically non-significant mediational model from self-determined motivation in PA via PA intention to PA behavior (β=.28, p=.231). This weak-to-non-significant relationship does not fully support the previous findings that have shown the feasibility of the trans-contextual model in charting the pathways from self-determined motivation in an educational context to behaviors in an out-of-school context.

Developmental relations between motivation types and physical activity in elementary school children (1)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to observe the developmental trajectories of motivation types among young children from 8 to 12 years using a more comprehensive scale of physical education motivation. We also tested the relations between these trajectories and objective physical activity during this period. Design: Students in grades 5–7 (n=1202; 51.2% boys) were recruited from 17 elementary schools. Three cohorts completed the motivation questionnaire four times and objective physical activity was measured up to four times over a two years school period. Method: Measurement invariance of the scale was tested across cohorts and occasions. Multiple group multiple cohort growth models were estimated to determine motivation types trajectories. Regression models were then built to predict children’s slope of MVPA during this period. Results: We provided strong measurement invariance to a new and more comprehensive scale of PE motivation. Latent growth curve modeling indicated trajectories that decrease on average for all forms of motivations at this early age. Results also revealed some relations between motivation’s scores and objective physical activity trajectories, especially with autonomous motivation. Conclusions: Our study revealed the earliest decline of motivation towards physical education to have ever been highlighted in elementary school children. Relations between trajectory of intrinsic stimulation and PA behavior permitted us to highlight the possible role of autonomous motivation in minimizing the decline of children’s PA behavior during PE lesson.

Developmental relations between motivation types and physical activity in elementary school children (1)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to observe the developmental trajectories of motivation types among young children from 8 to 12 years using a more comprehensive scale of physical education motivation. We also tested the relations between these trajectories and objective physical activity during this period. Design: Students in grades 5–7 (n=1202; 51.2% boys) were recruited from 17 elementary schools. Three cohorts completed the motivation questionnaire four times and objective physical activity was measured up to four times over a two years school period. Method: Measurement invariance of the scale was tested across cohorts and occasions. Multiple group multiple cohort growth models were estimated to determine motivation types trajectories. Regression models were then built to predict children’s slope of MVPA during this period. Results: We provided strong measurement invariance to a new and more comprehensive scale of PE motivation. Latent growth curve modeling indicated trajectories that decrease on average for all forms of motivations at this early age. Results also revealed some relations between motivation’s scores and objective physical activity trajectories, especially with autonomous motivation. Conclusions: Our study revealed the earliest decline of motivation towards physical education to have ever been highlighted in elementary school children. Relations between trajectory of intrinsic stimulation and PA behavior permitted us to highlight the possible role of autonomous motivation in minimizing the decline of children’s PA behavior during PE lesson.

A multi-theoretical approach of the students' motivational profiles in physical education: achievement and social goals.

The objective was to analyze the joint profiles of social goals (responsibility, relation and friendship) and 2 x 2 achievement goals, and the pattern of their relationship with the motivation types of the self-determination continuum in Physical Education settings. The sample consisted of 516 Secondary Education students (267 men, 249 women) aged between 12 and 17 years old ( M = 14.48, SD = 1.59). Cluster analysis and a MANOVA 2 (gender) x 4 (goal profiles) were performed. Cluster analysis showed four motivational profiles: "high social and mastery-approach goals", "intermediate social goals", "high social and achievement goals", and "low social and intermediate achievement goals". The "high social and mastery-approach goals" cluster was shown to be the most self-determined, followed by the "high social and achievement goals" cluster. This research emphasizes the value of social goals and helps to understand the motivational profiles of physical education students from a more holistic framework. It suggests that responsibility, friendship, and relation goals should be prioritized along with mastery-approach goals (but not performance goals) in order to increase students' self-determined motivation in Physical Education.

Why is physical education more stimulating for pupils who are more satisfied with their own body?

Objective: This study explored whether pupils’ state body satisfaction during physical education related to the degree to which they indicated that physical education stimulated them to engage in sports activities outside of school. It also investigated whether pupils’ self-determined motivation mediated this relationship, such that pupils with higher body satisfaction were more likely to value and enjoy the lessons, and to indicate they would re-engage in the activities outside of physical education. Methods: The study involved 506 13–14-year-old pupils (51.19% girls) in England, who completed validated questionnaires to measure perceived body satisfaction, motivation for physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education. Results: Results showed that body satisfaction positively related to the perceived sport promoting role of physical education in girls. The relationship between state body satisfaction during physical education and the perceived sport promoting role of physical education was partially mediated by pupils’ self-determined motivation. Conclusion: Pupils who felt more comfortable and satisfied with their physical appearance seemed to value and enjoy physical lessons more, and this more positive experience stimulated them to re-engage in the activities outside school.

How does knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test relate to adolescents’ situational motivation in physical education? A self-determination theory approach

Students’ knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test is a crucial component of assessment quality. Grounded in self-determination theory, we investigated whether knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test related to students’ situational motivation and experienced anxiety during physical education (PE). We also examined whether these relations were: (a) mediated by need-based experiences; and (b) moderated by teachers’ motivating style. Participants were 659 students (55.54% boys, 44.46% girls, mean age 14.72 years, standard deviation = 0.94) out of 40 classes from 32 schools taught by 39 different PE teachers. Analyses through multilevel structural equation modeling showed that students with more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test valued and enjoyed the lesson more (i.e. autonomous motivation), and felt less aloof (i.e. amotivation). Relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ situational motivation were mediated by experienced need satisfaction. Specifically, students who had more knowledge about the criteria for an upcoming test felt more in charge of their learning process (i.e. autonomy satisfaction), felt more effective in reaching their goals (i.e. competence satisfaction) and felt more connected to the teacher (i.e. relatedness satisfaction). Although relations between knowledge about the criteria and students’ motivation were not moderated by teachers’ motivating style, teachers’ motivating style displayed independent relations with students’ motivation. Implications for assessment quality and students’ motivation in PE are discussed.

Characteristics of the level of mental health of students taking into account the level of motivation for physical education and sports.

Characteristics of the level of mental health of students taking into account the level of motivation for physical education and sports.

Motivation in Physical Education and Foreign Language Learning in CLIL Teaching: Gender Differences and Implications for Future Studies

The goal of this paper is to show the differences between girls and boys in how FLL (Foreign Language Learning), and PE (Physical Education) is perceived in CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) contexts. In this study, based on a t-student analysis, significant differences by sex were found in Intrinsic Motivation-Knowledge and Accomplishment for FLL, Amotivation for PE, and Satisfaction/Boredom for PE and FLL. This would justify a future line of work, also developed in this article, as well as its future contributions.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS' MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Introduction: The appeal to the research topic is caused by the actual problem: in the pedagogical practice of the higher school, the physical culture and health-improving activities in the majority do not contribute to the formation of independent, motivated and sustainable self-improvement activities by students with the help of physical culture. The traditional system of physical education is not characterized by efficiency. The formation of motivation for physical education is one of the most important problems of the modern university. Materials and methods: to assess the value potential of physical culture and sports, we set the task to identify: the attitude of students to physical culture and health, what is the social significance of physical culture, the systematic nature of physical culture and sports, the objective and subjective factors that contribute to increasing interest in physical culture and Sport as a value, the reasons that interfere with attending classes. To solve this problem, we developed a questionnaire and conducted anonymous questioning of students. Results: Having analyzed the data obtained as a result of the questionnaire, we came to the conclusion that students objectively assess their health, which many are not satisfied with; most students are not engaged in physical culture and sports, referring mainly to the lack of free time; students are ready to engage in physical culture in sections for the selected sport, to attend self-educational activities. Students mostly respond positively to the lessons in the discipline "Physical Culture", but a considerable number of students attend these classes only for the sake of credit. Discussion and Conclusions: physical education, based on sports-oriented principles, includes classes in sports sections by sport: volleyball, basketball, aerobics, badminton, football, table tennis, kettlebell lifting, sports dancing, swimming, athletics, gymnastics, and for general physical training. Organized on the basis of the chosen sport, classes are more promising in terms of self-improvement, preservation and strengthening of the health of the younger generation, this is an effective tool for the formation of sports culture, psychophysical formation and professional training of a highly qualified specialist, unlike traditional physical education classes. Classes by sport contribute to solving the main task of physical education in higher education - involving students in a healthy lifestyle.

Can flipped learning enhance adolescents’ motivation in physical education? An intervention study

Objective: To be engaged and successful in learning in physical education (PE), students needs to be motivated. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of flipped learning (FL) on adolescents’ motivation to participate in PE. Methods: Students in Grades 8–11 (N = 338, 45.3% girls) were recruited from 6 secondary and upper-secondary schools from three different counties in Norway in the spring semester of 2016. Following a quasi-experimental design with a control group, data were gathered using an expectancy–value questionnaire (EVQ). Results: Mean results revealed that FL has a significant impact on adolescents’ expectancy beliefs and attainment values regarding participation in PE. All significant changes in the intervention group could be explained by gender. Conclusion: In an expectancy-value perspective, FL positively influences the motivation of adolescents, especially that of girls, to participate in PE. Therefore, FL can be used to enhance adolescents’ motivation to participate in PE. Keywords: Expectancy belief; subjective task values; expectancy-value questionaire; flipped classrooms; blended learning; physical education (PE)

Formation of students’ motivation for physical education

Formation of students’ motivation for physical education

Motivacija u fizičkom vaspitanju i sportu

Students' motivation in education is the most delicate part of the work with which is now facing teachers, trainers and other participants in the development of children. Proper understanding of the motives and motivators that influence the students is a major step towards achieving the objectives not only in terms of physical education, but also the objectives related to the proper direction of students to the right path of life. Through the work we analyze the motivation of children and what are its main features, as well as everything that affects learning and proper intellectual development of students, to their own motivation in physical education at the end of motivation in sport. In this way, we rounded up all segments concerning the role of teachers in the development process of students no matter what their life will be a preference. When the entire analysis takes into account, we conclude the following: Achieving the goal but the teachers and students with them comes down to a professional understanding of the motives and the personality and individual approach to each individual through the analysis of all elements affecting the development and motivation of students.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РІВНЯ ПСИХІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТОК З УРАХУВАННЯМ РІВНЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДО ЗАНЯТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ І СПОРТОМ

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РІВНЯ ПСИХІЧНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я СТУДЕНТОК З УРАХУВАННЯМ РІВНЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ДО ЗАНЯТЬ ФІЗИЧНОЮ КУЛЬТУРОЮ І СПОРТОМ

Autonomy-supportive behaviors promote autonomous motivation, knowledge structures, motor skills learning and performance in physical education

Previous research provides evidence as to the influence of teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviors on students’ autonomous motivation in physical education (PE). However, few studies have considered the impact of teachers’ autonomy-supportive behaviors on enhancing knowledge structures and motor skills learning in PE. The present study investigated whether an autonomy-supportive intervention designed to promote motor skills learning (experimental group), compared with conventional teaching (control group), would increase autonomous motivation, knowledge structures, skill learning, and performance and whether it decrease controlled motivation in students over a semester. Twenty-eight PE students participated in this quasi-experimental study. Badminton skills were assessed in pre and post intervention and retention sessions. Motivational regulations and knowledge structures were measured in pre and post intervention. In a session after the retention, game performance was measured on the transfer test. Overall, the experimental group and the hypothesized process model were supported. The experimental group demonstrated greater mean scores in some skills in post and retention tests. Compared to students in the control group, students in the experimental group reported greater autonomous motivation and game performance in the post-test. Furthermore, knowledge structures in both groups improved. Promoting skill learning in an autonomy-supportive way, compared with conventional teaching, has important practical implications for PE programs. We conclude that the intervention was successful in enhancing students’ autonomous motivation and performance.