Limited Motion Research Articles

Non-identical presentations of Intra-Articular Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ganglion Cysts: A report of two cases and review of literature

An uncommon cystic, tumor-like lesion of uncertain origin, an anterior cruciate ligament ganglion is encircled by dense connective tissue that is filled with a gelatinous fluid. Ganglion cysts and ACL mucoid degeneration may coexist. The size and location of the lesion determine how the lesion presents clinically. Two examples of ganglion cysts originating from the anterior cruciate ligament are presented here; one exhibits a painful restriction of flexion, while the other presents with chronic pain that is not related to motion restriction. With MRI, this uncommon clinical disease can be identified. It can be distinguished by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from pigmented villonodular synovitis, synovial sarcoma, mucoid degeneration of the ACL, and localized synovitis. It can be treated by arthroscopic cyst debridement or aspiration assisted by CT or USG. ACL damage must be prevented with caution. Following arthroscopic cyst debridement, both patients experienced a complete functional recovery. Conclusion: Although uncommon, ganglion cysts of the ACL should be considered a differential diagnosis for knee discomfort. Diagnosis is confirmed by MRI evaluation. Good clinical results can be achieved by arthroscopic debridement of cysts without causing ligament damage.

Faster but Not Sweeter: A Model of Escherichia coli Re-level Lipopolysaccharide for Martini 3 and a Martini 2 Version with Accelerated Kinetics.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a complex glycolipid molecule that is the main lipidic component of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It has very limited lateral motion compared to phospholipids, which are more ubiquitous in biological membranes, including in the inner leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The slow-moving nature of LPS can present a hurdle for molecular dynamics simulations, given that the (pragmatically) accessible timescales to simulations are currently limited to microseconds, during which LPS displays some conformational dynamics but hardly any lateral diffusion. Thus, it is not feasible to observe phenomena such as insertion of molecules, including antibiotics/antimicrobials, directly into the outer membrane from the extracellular side nor to observe LPS dissociating from proteins via molecular dynamics using currently available models at the atomistic and more coarse-grained levels of granularity. Here, we present a model of deep rough LPS compatible with the Martini 2 coarse-grained force field with scaled down nonbonded interactions to enable faster diffusion. We show that the faster-diffusing LPS model is able to reproduce the salient biophysical properties of the standard models, but due to its faster lateral motion, molecules are able to penetrate deeper into membranes containing the faster model. We show that the fast ReLPS model is able to reproduce experimentally determined patterns of interaction with outer membrane proteins while also allowing for LPS to associate and dissociate with proteins within microsecond timescales. We also complete the Martini 3 LPS toolkit for Escherichia coli by presenting a (standard) model of deep rough LPS for this force field.

Optimized design of flexible sensors for snow and ice sports characterization and intelligent recognition of training technique movements

Skiing performance is affected by a variety of external factors, and real-time monitoring of skiers' skiing status is very important for improving athletes' skiing technique. There are problems in the training monitoring of snow sports athletes in a wide range of venues, such as difficulty in accurately obtaining the parameters of sports status, lack of quantitative assessment of the training effect, and inability to provide timely feedback. And traditional sensors cannot adapt to cold, humid and other weather conditions, which affects their stability. Traditional sensors can only provide limited motion data and cannot comprehensively evaluate the technical level of skiers. At the same time, it is difficult to provide sufficiently accurate data in complex snowy environments. To address this problem, this study proposes a flexible sensor that can contact with the human body and sense athletes' body postures and movements in real time. By combining the flexible sensor with ice and snow sports equipment, intelligent recognition of athletes' movements can be realized. By monitoring and analyzing athletes' movements in real time, problems can be detected in time and targeted adjustments and training can be carried out. The findings of the experiment demonstrate that the accuracy of the time synchronization model, the time-domain high-pass filtering model, the zero-speed correction model, and the improved zero-speed correction model are, respectively, 97, 94, 92, and 90 when the size of the training set is 800. At the distance of 2000 m, The CF-TENG, H-TENG and CS-TENG response times are 18 ms, 20 ms and 28 ms. The results show that the designed flexible sensors have good performance and can be used in the daily training of cross-country skiing and alpine skiing professional sports teams.

Diagnosis and Management of Knee Arthrofibrosis and Associated Pain-Related Fear Using Multidimensional Clinical Reasoning and Exposure In Vivo Concept: A Case Report

BACKGROUND: A plethora of treatment approaches are used to manage persistent pain, disability, and fear associated with restricted knee range of motion following knee surgery. We used the pain and disability driver model and exposure in vivo concepts to manage pain-related fear and disability. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy presented to physical therapy with a medical diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I and knee range-of-motion restriction. Despite extensive medical care and physical therapy for 3 years (202 visits), he continued to experience debilitating knee pain and demonstrated a high level of fear. To ambulate, he wore a knee brace and used a trekking pole. OUTCOME AND FOLLOW UP: Interventions to address the knee stiffness included combined tibiofemoral joint mobilization and high-velocity low-amplitude thrust manipulation targeting tibial internal rotation and low-load long-duration sustained capsular stretching using total end range time principle for extension. His fear was managed using techniques inspired by in vivo exposure concepts. Total knee range of motion improved 110 degrees and the patient was able to ambulate for 30 minutes (0.5 mile) without an assistive device with <2/10 pain intensity. DISCUSSION: Outside-the-box clinical reasoning suggested that poor outcomes with previous interventions were likely due to hypervigilance and pain-related fear. This case delineates the value of nonreductionist clinical reasoning in diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal conditions. It also outlines how the exposure in vivo approach helped the patient overcome his long-established avoidance behaviors. JOSPT Cases 2024;4(3):121-132. Epub 2 July 2024. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2024.0034

Cervical cancer segmentation based on medical images: a literature review.

Cervical cancer clinical target volume (CTV) outlining and organs at risk segmentation are crucial steps in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Manual segmentation is inefficient and subjective, leading to the development of automated or semi-automated methods. However, limitation of image quality, organ motion, and individual differences still pose significant challenges. Apart from numbers of studies on the medical images' segmentation, a comprehensive review within the field is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively review the literatures on different types of medical image segmentation regarding cervical cancer and discuss the current level and challenges in segmentation process. As of May 31, 2023, we conducted a comprehensive literature search on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science using the following term combinations: "cervical cancer images", "segmentation", and "outline". The included studies focused on the segmentation of cervical cancer utilizing computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography (PET) images, with screening for eligibility by two independent investigators. This paper reviews representative papers on CTV and organs at risk segmentation in cervical cancer and classifies the methods into three categories based on image modalities. The traditional or deep learning methods are comprehensively described. The similarities and differences of related methods are analyzed, and their advantages and limitations are discussed in-depth. We have also included experimental results by using our private datasets to verify the performance of selected methods. The results indicate that the residual module and squeeze-and-excitation blocks module can significantly improve the performance of the model. Additionally, the segmentation method based on improved level set demonstrates better segmentation accuracy than other methods. The paper provides valuable insights into the current state-of-the-art in cervical cancer CTV outlining and organs at risk segmentation, highlighting areas for future research.

An Experimental Study on the Effects of Perforated Floating Structures and Submerged Plates for Wave Control and Motion Reduction of Pile-Moored Floating Piers

The floating pier is a representative type of floating structure installed along the coast, primarily used as a facility for berthing and mooring ships. Additionally, ongoing attempts have been made to utilize it for various purposes, such as wave control and wave energy conversion structures. In this study, we experimentally investigated the reflection and motion characteristics of a pile-moored floating pier, which allows heave and limited roll motion, with respect to the presence of perforated structures and the attachment of submerged plates. The hydraulic experiment results indicated that the reflection and motion characteristics of the pile-moored floating pier were significantly influenced by the presence and installation depth of the submerged plates, rather than the presence of perforated structures on the floating body. In particular, the installation of submerged plates increased the reflection coefficient in short-period waves and effectively reduced the heave and roll motions of the floating body.

Using continuous relative phase and modified vector coding analyses to quantify spinal coordination and coordinative variability for healthy and chronic low back pain patients: An exploratory comparative analysis

Differences in coordination and coordinative variability are common in people with low back pain. While differences may relate to the different analyses used to quantify these metrics, the preferred approach remains unclear. We aimed to compare coordination and coordinative variability, in people with and without low back pain performing a lifting/lowering task, using continuous relative phase and vector coding procedures, and to identify which technique better detects group differences. Upper lumbar (T12-L3), lower lumbar (L3-S1), and hip angular kinematics were measured using electromagnetic motion capture during 10 crate lifting/lowering repetitions from adults with (n = 47) and without (n = 17) low back pain. Coordination and coordinative variability for the Hip-Lower Lumbar and Lower Lumbar-Upper Lumbar joint pairs were quantified using mean absolute relative phase and deviation phase (continuous relative phase), and coupling angle and coupling angle variability (vector coding), respectively. T-tests examined group differences in coordination and variability. Cohen’s d bootstrapping analyses identified the more sensitive technique for detecting group differences. Less in-phase and more variable behavior was observed in the low back pain group, mostly independent of joint pair and analytical technique (P < 0.05, Cohen’s d range = 0.61 to 1.33). Qualitatively, the low back group limited motion at the lower lumbar spine during lifting/lowering. Continuous relative phase was more sensitive in detecting group differences in coordinative variability, while vector coding was more sensitive towards differences in coordination. These procedures convey distinct information and have their respective merits. Researchers should consider the choice of analytical techniques based on their study objectives.

What is the effectiveness of the combination of massage therapy and heat therapy on joint range of motion? Experimental study in patients with shoulder pain

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of massage therapy and heat therapy on improving joint range of motion in patients with shoulder pain. Shoulder pain is often accompanied by limited range of motion, which can affect daily activities and quality of life. Massage therapy is known to relieve muscle tension and improve blood circulation, while heat therapy has the effect of reducing muscle stiffness and increasing tissue elasticity. The combination of these two therapies is expected to provide synergistic benefits in overcoming shoulder pain problems and improving joint range of motion. This research method is pre-experimental with a one group pretest and posttest design approach. The study involved giving a combination of masage therapy and heat therapy regularly to a group of patients with shoulder pain. Joint range of motion was evaluated before and after the intervention using a pretest-posttest design. Statistical analysis, including t-test and significance test, was used to assess the difference between the mean pretest and posttest. The results showed a significant increase in the mean posttest compared to the pretest. The results of the significance test also showed that the effect that occurred was significant (0.001 &lt;0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the combination of massage therapy and heat therapy in increasing joint range of motion in patients with shoulder pain.These findings provide strong support for the implementation of a combination of massage therapy and heat therapy as an effective approach in shoulder pain rehabilitation by improving joint range of motion limitations. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the synergistic benefits of both therapies and provides a basis for the development of improved treatment guidelines for individuals with similar conditions. Keywords: Massage therapy, heat therapy, joint range of motion, shoulder pain.

ON-OFF Control of Marangoni Self-propulsion via A Supra-amphiphile Fuel and Switch.

Marangoni self-propulsion refers to motion of liquid or solid driven by a surface tension gradient, and has applications in soft robots/devices, cargo delivery, self-assembly etc. However, two problems remain to be addressed for motion control (e.g., ON-OFF) with conventional surfactants as Marangoni fuel: (1) limited motion lifetime due to saturated interfacial adsorption of surfactants; (2) in- situ motion stop is difficult once Marangoni flows are triggered. Instead of covalent surfactants, supra-amphiphiles with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts linked noncovalently, hold promise to solve these problems owing to its dynamic and reversible surface activity responsively. Here, we propose a new concept of 'supra-amphiphile fuel and switch' based on the facile synthesis of disodium-4-azobenzene-amino-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (DABS) linked by a Schiff base, which has amphiphilicity for self-propulsion, hydrolyzes timely to avoid saturated adsorption, and provides pH-responsive control over ON-OFF motion. The self-propulsion lifetime is extended by 50-fold with DABS and motion control is achieved. The mechanism is revealed with coupled interface chemistry involving two competitive processes of interfacial adsorption and hydrolysis of DABS based on both experiments and simulation. The concept of 'supra-amphiphile fuel and switch' provides an active solution to prolong and control Marangoni self-propulsive devices for the advance of intelligent material systems.

ON–OFF Control of Marangoni Self‐propulsion via A Supra‐amphiphile Fuel and Switch

AbstractMarangoni self‐propulsion refers to motion of liquid or solid driven by a surface tension gradient, and has applications in soft robots/devices, cargo delivery, self‐assembly etc. However, two problems remain to be addressed for motion control (e.g., ON–OFF) with conventional surfactants as Marangoni fuel: (1) limited motion lifetime due to saturated interfacial adsorption of surfactants; (2) in‐ situ motion stop is difficult once Marangoni flows are triggered. Instead of covalent surfactants, supra‐amphiphiles with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts linked noncovalently, hold promise to solve these problems owing to its dynamic and reversible surface activity responsively. Here, we propose a new concept of ‘supra‐amphiphile fuel and switch’ based on the facile synthesis of disodium‐4‐azobenzene‐amino‐1,3‐benzenedisulfonate (DABS) linked by a Schiff base, which has amphiphilicity for self‐propulsion, hydrolyzes timely to avoid saturated adsorption, and provides pH‐responsive control over ON‐OFF motion. The self‐propulsion lifetime is extended by 50‐fold with DABS and motion control is achieved. The mechanism is revealed with coupled interface chemistry involving two competitive processes of interfacial adsorption and hydrolysis of DABS based on both experiments and simulation. The concept of ‘supra‐amphiphile fuel and switch’ provides an active solution to prolong and control Marangoni self‐propulsive devices for the advance of intelligent material systems.

Design and performance analysis of a compact dual-motor underwater vector propulsion system

Vector propulsion systems enhance the limited three-dimensional motion capabilities of conventional systems at low speeds. However, their requirement for multiple prime movers increases the underwater robot’s power capacity, impacts its size and mass and compromises long endurance capabilities. To solve this problem, a compact dual-motor underwater vector propulsion system is proposed in this paper. It employs a nozzle, adjustable in a two-dimensional plane, to produce an adjusting force, and a propeller, perpendicular to this plane, for main thrust, achieving three-dimensional motion. The innovation lies in a dual-shaft motor with each shaft featuring a one-way bearing. The synchronized direction of rotation of the two one-way bearings is opposite. This configuration enables the motor to drive the propeller during forward rotation and the nozzle during reverse rotation, achieving a two-in-one drive motor and reducing prime movers. Additionally, using nozzles for attitude regulation overcomes the limitation of conventional propulsion systems. An analytical model defines mechanical output characteristics. Computational fluid dynamics analyze hydrodynamic characteristics. The prototype’s underwater experiments confirm its ability to generate main thrust and a two-dimensional planar adjusting force, enabling three-dimensional motion.

Programmable nonreciprocal Poynting effect enabled by lattice metamaterials.

Shear nonreciprocity, implying unequal shear forces in opposite shear directions, can be achieved by arranging structures asymmetrically. However, the nonreciprocal Poynting effect, i.e., unequal normal stresses induced by the same shear displacements to the left and right, has not been fully explored. We discover the nonreciprocal Poynting effect using a generalized directional truss model. Inspired by this discovery, the cylindrical lattice metamaterials constructed from antisymmetric curled microstructures are used as a case study to generate the nonreciprocal Poynting effect. We develop a design framework that integrates digital generation, finite deformation theory, finite element modeling, and three-dimensional printing to program the nonreciprocal Poynting effect. Applications such as bionic Poynting effect matching, wave energy converter, and unidirectional motion limitation are demonstrated. This framework allows the one-to-one mapping between the torque and normal forces, paving the way for designing soft devices with precise force transmission capabilities.

Assessment of Kinematic and Dynamic Characteristics of Shoulder Mechanism

Introduction: The thorax, clavicula, scapula and humerus comprise the finite element musculoskeletal model of the shoulder mechanism, which has been used to analyse its kinematic and dynamic behaviour. The study aims to reflect upon the analysis of the kinematic and dynamic behaviour of the shoulder mechanism. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to search for literature published between 2000 and 2023. Results: The scapulothoracic gliding plane’s motion restrictions, which convert the shoulder girdle into a closed-chain mechanism, are represented in the model along with 16 muscles, 3 joints and 3 extracapsular ligaments. The locations of the humerus and shoulder girdle that were recorded in ten subjects during loaded and unloaded humeral abduction and anteflexion are the input variables. Conclusion: The length dependence of electromyography (EMG) amplitude and the unknown force-length relationship makes it difficult to compare muscle force predictions and EMG measurements. The conclusion is that complicated musculoskeletal models cannot be validated using EMG amplitude. The force and moment balance of the three joints are used to examine the function of the muscles. This model allows for an investigation of the function of morphological components and offers useful insight into the mechanics of the shoulder mechanism.

A concave X-shaped structure supported by variable pitch springs for low-frequency vibration isolation

Based on the known X-shaped structure, a concave X-shaped structure (CXSS) featuring custom-designed variable pitch springs (VPS) is proposed. This design aims to enhance the displacement range of the quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) system and improve its performance in isolating low-frequency vibrations. The CXSS is obtained by merging two semi-X-shaped structures. The negative stiffness property of the concave structure can be improved by utilizing the motion limitations of the mechanical structure. Of particular concern is the VPS, it can provide nonlinear restoring force and variable stiffness by self-adjusting the effective number of coils. This special spring is suitable to neutralize the negative stiffness of the concave structure, enabling a wider range of QZS properties than linear springs and magnets. The average error between the practical and theoretical restoring force of the VPS is less than 10 %. Based on a special compression coefficient, the objective-load design method (OLDM) is proposed to obtain the stiffness conditions implementing QZS properties against rated mass. The stiffness obtained by the OLDM is considerably accurate. Under this condition, the vibration transmissibility is about 0.45 at 3.5 Hz and 0.1 at 14 Hz, which is lower than that of the unmatched load and stiffness coefficients. Compared with the X-shaped structure, the proposed structure has better low-frequency vibration isolation performance with a natural frequency of about 2 Hz. The vibration transmissibility is about 0.2 at 5 Hz and is about 0.1 at 10 Hz. Pulse excitations with an amplitude of 16 g can be attenuated to about 0.51 g through the CXSS compensated by VPS. It is convenient and efficient to implement QZS properties using the VPS to compensate negative stiffness.

Cervical collar use in spinal cord injury management

AbstractBackgroundThe use of cervical collars in the management of acute cervical spine injuries has been part of standard practice in the trauma setting for decades, aimed at preventing secondary injuries.ObjectivesTo review the recent evidence challenging the routine use of cervical collars, addressing the limited scientific support, associated risks, and guidelines for their use.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing recent studies and guidelines from authoritative bodies such as the American Association for Neurological Surgeons and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons. The review focused on the efficacy, risks, and recommendations regarding cervical collar use in acute cervical spine injuries.ResultsRecent evidence questions the routine use of cervical collars, highlighting limited scientific support and several associated risks, including pressure ulcers and decreased venous return. Cervical collars may also be contraindicated in individuals with abnormal spinal structures, such as those with Ankylosing Spondylitis. The efficacy of cervical collars is debated, particularly concerning undiagnosed spinal fractures, where delayed diagnosis can result in permanent injuries. Despite these risks, cervical collars may be beneficial in low‐resource areas and when used effectively with early clearance post‐injury. Current guidelines recommend immobilizing patients suspected of cervical spine injury but stress the importance of proper evaluation of the need for immobilization. Recent guidelines advocate for spinal motion restriction over traditional immobilization, emphasizing the need for better risk assessment and implementation strategies.Conclusions/Clinical ImportanceRe‐evaluating the routine use of cervical collars is crucial due to potential risks and limited supporting evidence, with a focus on individualized assessment and adherence to updated guidelines favoring spinal motion restriction.

Physiotherapy management of functional activity disorders of knee dekstra et cause post-op anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Introduction: anterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the common knee injuries among athletes, which can cause functional activity impairment of the knee, such as pain, edema, range of motion limitation, contracture, and anxiety. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a surgical procedure that aims to restore the stability and function of the knee. Patients who undergo Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction require appropriate physiotherapy management to accelerate the healing and recovery process. Aim: this study aims to determine the physiotherapy management of functional activity disorders of the knee joints and the causes of postoperative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: this study used a case study method with a research subject of a 24-year-old male who suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury on the right knee and underwent Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Data were collected using instruments such as the VAS pain scale, goniometer to measure a range of motion, MMT to measure muscle strength, and international knee documentation committee questionnaire to measure functional activity. Results: showed a decrease in pain, an increase in range of motion, an increase in muscle strength, and an increase in functional activity on the right knee caused post-op Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after receiving physiotherapy intervention for 9 sessions. Conclusion: physiotherapy management given in the form of electrical muscle stimulation, prone hang, passive range of motion exercise, patella mobilization, isotonic &amp; isometric strengthening, and walking exercise, as well as education, can help overcome functional activity impairment on the right knee et cause post-op anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

A 3UPS/S Spherical Parallel Manipulator Designed for Robot-Assisted Hand Rehabilitation after Stroke

Hand dysfunction is a common symptom in stroke patients. This paper presents a robotic device which assists the rehabilitation process in order to reduce the need of physical therapy, i.e., a 3UPS/S parallel robotic device is employed for repetitive robot-assisted rehabilitation. Euler angle representation was used to solve the robot’s inverse kinematics. The robot’s joint space and rotational workspace were determined for two scenarios. In the first scenario, the workspace was obtained considering the actuator’s stroke limitations, while in the second scenario, the workspace was determined by adding a second condition, i.e., the range of motion of the spherical joints. Singularity analysis was performed using the geometric algebra approach. The robot was manufactured using additive manufacturing technology. The solution of the inverse kinematic problem was employed to control the robot. The robot can perform a full range of motion during wrist ulnar deviation and radial deviation motions, with the exception of limited wrist flexion and extension motions. The robot has singular configurations within its workspace. Although the spherical joints have roles in reducing the workspace, the primary causes are actuator selection, radii of the base and moving platforms, and the length of the central leg. These factors can be considered to improve the workspace. Singularity can be avoided by carefully selecting the rotation of the moving platform about the Z-axis and avoiding same leg lengths.

Conventional Radiography Assessment of the Pediatric Knee: Pearls and Pitfalls.

Knee pain is one of the most common indications for radiography in the evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders in children and adolescents. According to international guidelines, knee radiographs should be obtained when there is the suspicion of an effusion, limited motion, pain to palpation, inability to bear weight, mechanical symptoms (such as "locking"), and persistent knee pain after therapy. When indicated, radiographs can provide crucial information for the clinical decision-making process. Because of the developmental changes occurring in the knee during growth, the assessment of knee radiographs can be challenging in children and adolescents. Radiologists unfamiliar with the appearance of the knee on radiographs during skeletal maturation risk overcalling or overlooking bone lesions. Image acquisition techniques and parameters should be adapted to children. This article describes the most common challenges in distinguishing pathology from the normal appearance of knee radiographs in the pediatric population, offering some pearls and pitfalls that can be useful in clinical practice.

Influence of Isolated Talonavicular and Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis on Hindfoot Kinematics and Range of Motion During Cadaveric Gait Simulation.

Isolated subtalar and talonavicular joint arthrodeses have been associated with adjacent joint arthritis and altered hindfoot kinematics during simplified loading scenarios. However, the effect on kinematics during dynamic activity is unknown. This study assessed changes in subtalar and talonavicular kinematics after isolated talonavicular (TNiso) and subtalar (STiso) arthrodesis, respectively, during stance simulations. Fourteen midtibia specimens received either a TNiso or STiso arthrodesis, with 7 randomized to each group. A 6-degree-of-freedom robot sequentially simulated the stance phase for the intact and arthrodesis conditions. Bootstrapped bias-corrected 95% CIs of the talonavicular and subtalar joint kinematics were calculated and compared between conditions. The TNiso decreased subtalar inversion, adduction, and plantarflexion in late stance (P < .05). The subtalar range of motion in the sagittal and coronal planes decreased by 40% (P = .009) and 46% (P = .002), respectively. No significant changes in talonavicular joint kinematics were observed after isolated subtalar arthrodesis; however, the range of motion was reduced by 61% (P = .007) and 50% (P = .003) in the coronal and axial planes, respectively. In this model for arthrodesis, changes in subtalar kinematics and motion restriction were observed after isolated talonavicular arthrodesis, and motion restriction was observed after isolated subtalar arthrodesis. Surprisingly, talonavicular kinematics did not appear to change after isolated subtalar arthrodesis. Both joint fusions substantially decrease the motion of the reciprocal adjacent joint. Surgeons should be aware that the collateral costs with talonavicular fusion appear higher, and it has a significant effect on subtalar kinematics during the toe-off phase of gait.

Functional movement screen score to predict injury risk of sports students: a review of foot shape and body mass index

Background and Study Aim. Excessive physical activity poses a risk of injury, particularly when coupled with high exercise intensity. Factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and foot morphology may contribute to this risk. This study seeks to evaluate the relationship between BMI, foot shape, and the likelihood of injury among sports students. Material and Methods. A total of 119 sports students, comprising 33 females and 86 males, participated in this study. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants. BMI was determined using height and weight measurements, while foot shape was assessed through footprint measurements. The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) instrument, encompassing 7 movements: Deep Squats, Hurdle Steps, Inline Lunges, Shoulder Mobility, Active Straight Leg Raises, Trunk Stability Push-ups, and Rotary Stability, was utilized to assess injury risk. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS v.25.0, employing descriptive statistics. Results. Based on data analysis, the FMS value in females shows a mean of 18.7 and a standard deviation of 1.21. At the same time, the FMS value in males shows 18.5 and a standard deviation of 1.41. BMI values in females showed a mean of 21.6 and a standard deviation of 3.03. At the same time, BMI values in males showed a mean of 22.9 and a standard deviation of 4.62. The results were that all FMS scores were ≥14. While of BMI measurements, some samples obtained ˂18 kg/m² and ˃30kg/m². BMI measurements according to gender were mainly in the normal weight category. However, those who fall into the obesity category are primarily males. With the results of measuring the foot's shape, the percentage of flat feet is only 0.84% in females and 7.59 in males, while the rest of the sample has a normal foot shape. Conclusions. Individuals with a BMI in the overweight to obese category are more susceptible to high-category injuries, likely due to limited motion range. However, the study did not find evidence linking flat foot shape to high-category injury risk. This inability to establish a correlation may be attributed to the predominantly normal foot shape observed in the sample, resulting in a prediction of low-category injury risk.