Movement Of Front Research Articles

Perjuangan Umat Islam dalam Gerakan Front Anti Komunis di Indonesia, 1954-1958

This article is a social history research which in general is to analyze the events of the Anti-Communist Front movement. The method used in this article is the historical method and the data collection in writing this article uses library research. The results showed that the Anti-Communist Front movement was a movement aimed at fighting the ideology of communism. In this case, the resistance of the Anti-Communist Front movement was aimed at the PKI, because the PKI was a party that had a fairly large cadre, so with the large number of PKI cadres, it was feared that the ideology of communism would affect the beliefs or beliefs of Muslims. The PKI also had a strong political influence in Indonesia, especially in the 1955 elections, but what became the concern of the Anti-Communist Front was the PKI's revolutionary political attitude, so that the PKI often abused, slandered, and even killed the elite of Islamic political parties, the Kyai, as well as among the students for their political ambitions.

Начально-краевая задача о течении в кровеносном сосуде

The solution of the initial boundary value problem for a system of two quasi-linear hyperbolic equations, which describes a rotationally symmetric vortex-free flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in an infinite cylindrical domain (pipe, blood vessel) is constructed. It is assumed that the side surface of the domain is a free (soft, compliant) boundary on which the kinematic condition is set. The dynamic condition at the boundary is modeled by some constitutive relation – the dependence of the pressure P on the cross-sectional area S of the cylindrical domain. To study the flow an asymptotic model based on the shallow water theory is used. When constructing the solution of the initial-boundary (as well as initial and boundary) problem for a system of two quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order, the hodograph method based on the conservation law is used. A variant of the polynomial constitutive relation is chosen for the study: P~S2β (β>0). In the case of the initial data problem which specified at the initial time the Riemann-Green function, allowing to construct an implicit analytical solution, and an algorithm (numerical) for constructing an explicit solution of the original problem are given. The main attention is focused on the special case P~S2, for which all the formulas necessary to construct a solution are written in explicit form. For P~S2, several variants of conditions (initial and boundary value) are considered for the initial boundary value problem, which allow us to trace the evolution of the solution in detail. Numerical calculations demonstrating the motion of shock waves and wave fronts are given. The results obtained, in practice, can be used to describe flows in blood vessels, as well as reliable tests for testing compu tational algorithms intended to solve such problems, in particular, systems of quasi-linear hyperbolic equations.

Experimental investigation of quenching phenomena in high temperature conical debris bed – Part 1: MONET tests

In case of severe accidents in light water reactors (LWRs), the coolability of relocated corium from the reactor vessel is a significant safety issue. In a flooded cavity, a porous corium debris bed is expected to develop on the bottom of the cavity pool due to the melt jet breakup and fragmentation. The debris bed needs to be quenched by water either flooding from the top or flooding from the bottom until continuous cooling is established. If it is not quenched, this mass will begin to re-melt due to decay heat and leads to Molten Corium Concreate Interaction (MCCI). Most of the studies reported have conservative assumptions of one-dimensional homogeneous particulate beds with top or bottom flooding condition of coolant. Understanding of debris beds quenching with multi-dimensional characteristics are limited. To investigate the quenching behavior of the conical debris bed by means of experiments, a test facility MCCI-mitigatiON through passive cooling Effect Test (MONET) apparatus is established. Specifically, the objective is to understand the mechanism of heat transfer and quench front movement inside the conical heated debris bed during quenching by cooling water supplied from the bottom of the bed. Two different particle bed bottom wall boundary conditions are studied; closed bottom wall and open bottom wall to understand the effect of water ingression from the bottom wall. The particulate debris bed is formed with two different types of particles; Ø 3 mm SS 304 and Ø 3 mm alumina. In addition, the effect on the quench front movement inside the particle bed has been reported by using temperature measurements together with direct visualizations.

Effects of Hydrostatic Dissolution and Seepage on the Transport and Mechanical Properties of Glauberite

During the development of urban underground space in Chengdu, China, it was found that glauberite rocks in the Guankou formation of the Cretaceous system had extensive dissolution and exerted a serious impact on the safety of the project. At present, research on the transport and mechanical properties of glauberite under hydrostatic conditions in this area is limited. In this paper, the effects of hydrostatic dissolution and seepage on the transport and mechanical properties of glauberite are studied. The results show that the concentration of aqueous solution increases step by step with the increase in the dissolution time of glauberite in still water, indicating that the forward movement of the dissolution front of glauberite rock is not a continuous process and has intermittent characteristics. The dissolution and infiltration of mirabilite seriously deteriorates the physical structure of mirabilite, resulting in a decrease in elastic modulus and an increase in axial deformation, and a decrease in mechanical properties. There are a dissolution layer, dissolution front and undissolved area in the karst infiltration of calcium and mirabilite in the hydrostatic solution, so the mechanism of the calcium and mirabilite karst dissolution process is determined. Because of the dissolution characteristics of mirabilite, underground space development should prevent the uneven settlement of mirabilite, ground collapse, pit and chamber water gushing, corrosive groundwater and other geological problems.

Features of the Behavior of a Plane Axisymmetric Mag-netic Fluid Drop in a Nonmagnetic Solvent and a Uni-form Magnetic Field

The work is devoted to an experimental study of the process of dissolution of a magnetic fluid in a nonmagnetic solvent under the action of a uniform magnetic field. It is experimentally established that in a volume of magnetic fluid surrounded by a miscible solvent fluid, under the action of a uniform magnetic field, a mechanical movement arises, triggering deformation of this volume. Initially, the axisymmetric volume of the fluid takes an ellipsoidal shape, lengthening along the magnetic field direction. The main reason for this movement is the pressure differences in the magnetic fluid, caused by jumps and nonuniformities of the magnetic field at the interface between magnetic and nonmagnetic media. Simultaneously with the mechanical motion, the diffusion dissolution of the magnetic fluid occurs, which is also accompanied by the motion of the diffusion front at the interface between the fluids. The concentration gradients of magnetic particles that arise in this case cause gradients of the magnetization of the fluid and, as a consequence, gradients of the magnetic field intensity. Together, this triggers the appearance of a bulk magnetic force in the magnetic fluid, and the pressure gradients associated with it. The main regularities of this process have been established, viz. the dependence of change of the geometric characteristics of the volume and its deformation rate on time. It is shown that at the initial stage of the process, the rates of mechanical movement of the boundaries of the magnetic fluid volume are much higher than the rates of movement of the diffusion front. Thus, the initial rate of mechanical elongation of the droplet under the experimental conditions is 0.25 mm/min, and the diffusion front rate is 0.08 mm/min. Over time, these processes slow down and stop when the volume of the magnetic fluid is completely dissolved. Herewith, the mechanical elongation of the drop is the first to stop and, in the case under consideration, takes about ten minutes.

Study on Fluid Front Motion of Water, Nitrogen, and CO2 during Anisotropic Flow in Shale Reservoirs

The fluid front motion is an important phenomenon during anisotropic fluid flow in rock engineering. The pore pressure and mechanical responses may be significantly influenced and show an obvious difference near the moving fluid front. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the front motion of different types of fluids during anisotropic fluid flow. In this work, a numerical model was proposed to detect the front motion of water, nitrogen, and CO2 in anisotropic shale reservoirs. The full coupling effects among mechanical deformation, fluid flow, and moving boundary in anisotropic porous media were considered in the model construction. The impacts of different fluid properties among water, nitrogen, and CO2 on the anisotropic fluid flow have been discussed. Then, the proposed model was applied to study the differences in front motion among different types of fluids in anisotropic shales. The impacts of permeability and mobility on fluid front motion were investigated. The theoretical equations for predicting the fluid front motion of different types of fluids were established by introducing corresponding correction coefficients to the previous formulas. The results showed that the model can well describe the anisotropic fluid permeation process. The fluid front motion increased with the increase of permeability and mobility. At the same permeability or mobility, the nitrogen front motion was the largest and the water front motion was the smallest. The difference in fluid front motion among water, nitrogen, and CO2 was caused by the difference of their viscosity and compressibility. The proposed formulas can fast and accurately predict the evolution of fluid front motion for different types of fluids.

An approximate analytical solution for the movement of the phase change front in latent thermal energy storage heat exchangers

Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) heat exchangers are being applied in a wide range of energy systems. However, there is no analytical method to determine the outlet temperature of LTES heat exchangers from its operational conditions. This hinders experimental data reduction and sizing of these components for specific energy systems. The present paper develops an analytical model for the overall phase fraction and outlet heat transfer fluid temperature for planar LTES heat exchangers. The method is developed with solutions of the Stefan problem. The analytical results are validated based on a numerical model using the same assumptions as the analytical model. The analytical solution can be reduced to a limited set of parameters which are a dimensionless time and heat exchanger surface area. This limited set of parameters can form the basis for experimental data reduction of LTES heat exchangers.

Crystallization Front Motion Velocity in Nickel Depending on Orientation and Supercooling Temperature: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Crystallization Front Motion Velocity in Nickel Depending on Orientation and Supercooling Temperature: Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Mapping of quench front propagation in a heated cylindrical particle bed – MONET tests

In case of a severe accident in nuclear reactor, a debris bed may be formed from the fragmentation of the molten core at different stages of the accident. Debris bed coolability is an important issue, as it will determine the accident progression, its termination, and mitigation. One of the major concerns of debris bed coolability investigations is to understand and evaluate the effect of water re-flooding. Many experiments have been conducted to study the two-phase flow and heat transfer in porous medium configuration. However, the understanding of debris bed quenching with multi-dimensional characteristics are limited. Here, a test facility MCCI-mitigatiON through passive cooling Effect Test (MONET) apparatus is established to conduct the porous debris bed re-flooding investigation. The objective is to understand the mechanism of heat transfer and quench front movement inside the cylindrical heated debris bed during quenching by cooling water supplied from the bottom of the bed. Specifically, the effect of Homogeneous bed (with different external boundary conditions) and radially stratified bed (with different internal porosity configurations) conditions of the cylindrical debris bed on the quench front movement has been investigated. The particulate debris bed is formed with two different types of particles (SS 304, alumina) and sizes (2–3.5 mm). The effect on the quench front movement inside the particle bed has been reported by using temperature measurements together with direct visualizations. Present findings suggest non-uniform quench front propagation pattern even for the homogeneous bed conditions. While the tests with the stratified bed indicate a clear influence of low porosity region on the quench front and vapor movement.

Modeling and verification of non-linear mineral dissolution processes with buoyancy effects

A new methodology for the simulation of salt cavity development by dissolution is presented, verified and qualitatively validated by experiments. Starting from an initial cavity, the simulator models the injection of fresh water, natural and forced convection of the brine, and the evolution of the cavity walls due to dissolution. The nonlinear model couples brine mass and momentum conservation (governed by incompressible Navier–Stokes equations) with the buoyancy effect due to the brine density variations. Vortex generation and density-driven brine plume rise demonstrate the impact of complex brine flow patterns on the dissolution front evolution. A new explicit interface tracking strategy is employed to investigate the dissolution front movement and an improved smoothing algorithm to enhance the model robustness, contributing to low computational cost and stable simulation for the long-term dissolution process simulation. The proposed model is verified by conducting spatial and temporal convergence studies and qualitatively validated using lab-scale experiments. The agreement between experiments and simulations of horizontal and vertical dissolution cases demonstrates the utility of the model. The simulation results indicate that the rising plume of brine results in a “morning glory” shape cavity under a vertical dissolution scenario and a significant difference between upper and lower fronts dissolution rates for the horizontal dissolution case. The coupling effect of eddy development and cavity shape evolution is also discussed. This work furthers the understanding of the interaction between brine transport in an initially-formed cavity and dissolution patterns of the cavity boundaries, driven by gravity and convective flows.

Mathematical models for estimate of the ecological consequences of the impact of the pyrogenic factor on forest ecosystems

There is a need for the development of simple analytical mathematical models of the burning of large forest areas, necessary for the assessment of the ecological consequences of the impact of the pyrogenic factor. Purpose. Develop mathematical models describing the spread of large-scale forest fires aimed at estimate the ecological consequences of the impact of the pyrogenic factor. Methods. Analytical review of research on the problem, theoretical and computational, mathematical modeling. Results. The results of the main parameters analysis of large forest areas combustion are presented. These include the area covered by the fire, the duration of the fire, the burnout time, the specific mass of combustible materials, the energy and power of combustion, the specific calorific value, the intensity of combustion, the movement speed of the combustion front, the influx of combustible materials, etc. Simple analytical mathematical models of large forest areas combustion have been established. These include the following models: a model with a constant growth rate of the fire area, a two-dimensional model, a model with sectorial movement of the combustion front, a model with a linear growth of the length of the combustion front, a model with a quadratic growth of the change rate of the fire area, and a generalized model. A new fire intensity classification has been proposed, containing 1–7 points from extremely low to extreme intensity. The maximum area covered by the fire (10–100 thousand km2), combustion energy (1–10 EJ) and combustion power (0.1–1 PW) have been estimated. Conclusions. Simple analytical mathematical models of the combustion process of large forest surface areas, which are necessary for quantitative assessment of the ecological consequences of fires, have been developed.

Investigation of Parameter Sensitivity and the Physical Mechanism for the Formation of a Core-Skin-Core (CSC) Structure in Two-Stage Co-Injection Molding.

One of the main challenges in co-injection molding is how to predict the skin to core morphology accurately and then manage it properly, especially after skin material has been broken through. In this study, the formation of the Core-Skin-Core (CSC) structure and its physical mechanism in a two-stage co-injection molding has been studied based on the ASTM D638 TYPE V system by using both numerical simulation and experimental observation. Results showed that when the skin to core ratio is selected properly (say 30/70), the CSC structure can be observed clearly at central location for 30SFPP/30SFPP system. When the skin to core ratio and operation conditions are fixed, regardless of material arrangement (including 30SFPP/30SFPP; PP/PP; 30SFPP/PP; and PP/30SFPP systems), the morphologies of the CSC structures are very close for all systems. This CSC structure can be further validated by using μ-CT scan and image analysis technologies perfectly. Furthermore, the influences of various operation parameters on the CSC structure variation have been investigated. Results exhibited that the CSC structure does not change significantly irrespective of the flow rate changing, melt temperature varying, or even mold temperature being modified. Moreover, the mechanism to generate the CSC structure can be derived using the melt front movement of the numerical simulation. It is worth noting that after the skin material was broken through, the core material travelled ahead with fountain flow to occupy the flow front. In the same period, the proper amount of skin material with certain inertia of enough kinetic energy will keep going to penetrate the new coming core material to travel until the end of filling. It ends up with this special CSC structure.

Localized deformation at initial stages of plastic flow in high-manganese steel

The work is devoted to the study of macroscopic localization of plastic deformation during uniaxial tension of single crystals of the Hadfield steel (Fe – 13 % Mn – 1.03 % C). In the course of studies at the stage of easy sliding, significant differences were found in the nature of macrolocalization of plastic deformation in the single-crystal samples under study. All patterns of deformation localization observed in these cases can be divided into two types. The first type of strain localization corresponds to the initiation at the upper yield point and further propagation of the strain front, which gradually transfers the sample material from undeformed state to deformed one. This manifested itself most clearly in single crystals oriented along the tension axis [377] and [355], where the strain localization pattern appears as a single zone of localized deformation on the yield plateau. Such a deformation front passes through the sample volume only once as a Chernov-Luders band. In this case, the flow of the material is carried out without hardening until all its elements are transferred to the deformed state. Single zones of strain localization were also observed at the stages of easy sliding and yield plateau in the Hadfield steel single crystals oriented along the tension axis [123] and [012]. In the second type of localization, at the stage of easy sliding, synchronous movement along the pattern of several deformation centers occurs. Their movement can be unidirectional and counter, and the speeds are both the same and different from each other. Further deformation of the Hadfield steel single crystals oriented along the tension axis [355] or [012], led to the movement of two deformation localization centers at the stages of easy sliding. In single crystals oriented along [111], the strain localization pattern is respectively represented as four localized strain sites. Consequently, the synchronous movement of deformation fronts occurs along an already deformed, albeit to a small extent, material. As a reason for the difference between the two types of macrostrain localization at stage I (the easy sliding stage and the yield plateau), the number of active sliding systems or tensile twinning in the studied single crystals can be discussed based on crystallographic analysis and metallographic studies.

Extension of the functionality of the software for MD-simulation of the SH-synthesis of intermetallides in Ni-Al and Ti-Al nanosystems

The subject of research: the methodological and functional capabilities of specialized software packages of free access LAMMPS and OVITO and author's programs used for simulation of SHS-microkinetics in heterogeneous systems.
 Purpose of research: to increase information content, 3D-visualization, and adequate interpretation of the processes of structural-phase transformations at interfaces of the layered, layered-block nanoscale Ni-Al and Ti-Al systems.
 Methods and objects of redearch: the molecular dynamics simulation method implemented in the basis of the LAMMPS software package simulates the process of initiation and propagation of the SHS combustion wave in the systems under study, and using the OVITO package, 3D-visualization of the processes of dissolution, diffusion, and motion of the SHS combustion wave front is carried out.
 Main results of research: it is shown that the development by the author of software modules for calculating one-dimensional temperature and density profiles of the synthesized material along the direction of combustion wave motion, as well as for calculating and visualizing the 3D-structure of the distribution of synthesized intermetallic interlayers at the interface in nanoparticles with the Ni-Al "core-shell" structure (and similarly for Ti-Al) allows, in contrast to the OVITO package, to detect heterophase intermetallic structures in such systems. As a result of a large series of computational experiments on simulation of microkinetics in the studied nanoscale Ni-Al and Ti-Al systems, it has been established that the software package created by the author with support for parallel computing, which, in addition to the licensed packages LAMMPS and OVITO, integrates author's software modules, has new broader functionality in the methodological aspect of the study of the problems of physical chemistry of the SHS process and is a vivid example of the created software engineering tools in this area of research.

The Influence of Local Microstructure Inhomogeneities on Local Drying Kinetics during Freeze-Drying.

Freeze-drying is a gentle drying technique to dry high value products, such as pharmaceuticals, without impacting the quality of the product. However, this method is very time and cost intensive. It is known that larger pores reduce the duration of primary drying due to facilitated mass transport. However, next to the pore size, other structural parameters exist whose influence on drying kinetics is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this article is to investigate the influence of the microstructure (pore size, shape and orientation) on local primary drying kinetics. In the study, freeze-drying experiments on maltodextrin and sucrose solutions (c1 = 0.05 and c2 = 0.15 w/w) were carried out in a lyomicroscope. Two-dimensional images were recorded during the whole drying process and in the dry state and analyzed on the movement of the sublimation front, pore size, orientation and shape. Different microstructures were created by using different freezing parameters, namely two different cooling rates and solid concentrations. It could be shown that for pores with a high aspect ratio, the pore orientation was more important for the drying kinetics than the pore size, while for pores with a lower aspect ratio the pore size was the decisive parameter.

Autonomous Tracking of Salinity-Intrusion Fronts by a Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

Shoreward intrusions of anomalously salty water along the continental shelf of the Middle Atlantic Bight are often observed in spring and summer. Exchange of heat, nutrients, and carbon across the salinity-intrusion front has a significant impact on the marine ecosystem and fisheries. In this article, we developed a method of using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to detect a salinity-intrusion front and track the front's movement. Autonomous front detection is based on the different vertical structures of salinity in the two distinct water types: the vertical difference of salinity is large in the intruding saltier water because of the salinity “tongue” at mid-depth, but is small in the nearshore fresher water due to absence of the salinity anomaly. Every time the AUV crosses and detects the front, the vehicle makes a turn at an oblique angle to cross the front, thus zigzagging through the front to map the frontal zone. The AUV's zigzags sweep back and forth to track the front as it moves over time. From June 25 to 30, 2021, a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Tethys</i> -class long-range AUV mapped and tracked a salinity-intrusion front on the southern New England shelf. The frontal tracking revealed the salinity intrusion's 3-D structure and temporal evolution with unprecedented detail.

Sociopolitical Analysis of The Escalation of The Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) Movement During The Reign of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) in DKI Jakarta 2014-2017

This study analyze how social conditions during the reign of Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (Ahok) affected the escalation of the Islamic community organization Front Pembela Islam (FPI) movement and built the reality of socio-political conflicts that occurred in DKI Jakarta from 2014 to 2017. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method using a case study approach. The case study approach was used to analyze how the process of forming the escalation of the Islamic community organization movement of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) against socio-political conditions during Ahok's reign in DKI Jakarta from 2014 to 2017. Using theories related to the concept of Political Opportunity, New Social Movements, and Identity Theory becomes an analytical knife to explain questions that have been formulated academically and, of course, produce an answer from the results of the analysis. From the results of the research, the Islamic Mass Organization of Front Pembela Islam (FPI) was one of the Organizations that experienced an escalation of the movement based on various conflicts that occurred both before, during his time in office, and also after Ahok served as governor of DKI Jakarta. FPI is present as a hard-pressure group for Ahok's refusal to become Governor. FPI became one of the organizations considered very active and aggressive in carrying out a series of protests against Ahok's rejection.

Ensemble methods based on characterization of dynamism for dynamic multi-objective optimization

Dynamic multi-objective optimization problems involve multiple conflicting and time-dependent objectives that change continuously depending on the environment. Therefore, effectively tracking the movement of the Pareto-optimal front and the Pareto-optimal set (PS) using a single strategy is difficult. In this study, we propose an ensemble method called EMCD, which is based on the characterization of dynamism. EMCD selects different strategies to generate new populations depending on the characteristics of environmental changes. In our proposed algorithm, historical information is used to locate new populations when the current and historical environmental changes are similar. Otherwise, EMCD establishes whether the PS has changed. If the PS changes, individuals from the population of the new environment are generated by using a set of knee points based on the two previous consecutive populations. If not, new populations are generated by using the perturbation-based approach. In addition, we use an adaptive diversity introduction strategy to ensure the solvability of our proposed algorithm in dynamic environments. To verify the effectiveness of EMCD, we compare its performance to that of three state-of-the-art algorithms on fourteen benchmark problems. The experimental results show that EMCD outperforms the comparison algorithms on most of the benchmark problems.

Release Kinetics of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Governing Drug Release and Hydrodynamic Changes of Matrix Tablet.

Hydrophilic Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablets are the standard role model of the oral controlled-release formulation. Nevertheless, the HPMC kinetics for the mechanistic understanding of drug release and hydrodynamic behaviors are rarely investigated. This study aims to investigate the release behaviors of both HPMC and paracetamol (model drug) from the hydrophilic matrix tablet. Two different viscosity grades of HPMC were used (Low viscosity: 6 cps, High viscosity: 4,000 cps). Three different ratios of drug/HPMC (H:38.08%, M:22.85%, and L:15.23% (w/w) of HPMC amounts in total weight) matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique. The release profiles of the drug and HPMC in a matrix tablet were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic changes of HPMC were determined by the gravimetric behaviors such as swelling and erosion rates, gel layer thickness, front movement data,and distributive Near-Infrared (NIR) chemical imaging of HPMC in a matrix tablet during the dissolution process. High viscosity HPMC tablets showed slower release of HPMC than the release rate of drug, suggesting that drug release preceded polymer release.Different hydration phenomenon was qualitatively identified and corresponded to the release profiles. The release behaviors of HPMC and drug in the tablet could be distinguished with the significant difference with fitted dissolution kinetics model (Low viscosity HPMC 6cps; Korsmeyer-Peppas model, High viscosity HPMC 4000cps; Hopfenberg model, Paracetamol; Weibull model) according to the weight of ingredients and types of HPMC. The determination of HPMC polymer release correlating with drug release, hydrodynamic behavior, and NIR chemical imaging of HPMC can provide new insights into the drug release- modulating mechanism in the hydrophilic matrix system.

Investigating Thermal Controls on the Hyporheic Flux as Evaluated Using Numerical Modeling of Flume-Derived Data

The flux of water through the hyporheic zone (HZ) is controlled by stream bedforms, sinuosity, surface water velocity, local water table, seasonality, and hydraulic conductivity (K) of the bed material. Dependent on both the kinematic viscosity and density of water, K values are a function of temperature. In most studies, changes in temperature have been neglected because of the limited effect either density or viscosity has on K values. However, these variations are important given the role of K in HZ flux, which lead to the hypothesis that flow into the HZ would be more efficient (faster rate and greater depth) under warmer conditions than under cool conditions. To discern how water temperature affects flow depth in the HZ, VS2DHI simulations were created to map flow under both warm and cool thermal conditions. The models employed data collected from a series of varying temperature hydrologic flume tests in which the effects of hyporheic flow altering variables such as sinuosity, surface water velocity and volume, and bed-forms were controlled. Results verify that K values in the HZ were larger under warm conditions generating deeper HZ pathways, while the smaller K values under cool conditions produced shallower pathways. The simulations confirmed a faster speed of frontal movement under warm conditions than cool. Péclet numbers revealed a shallower advective extinction depth under cool conditions as opposed to warm.