Motion Blur Reduction Research Articles

66‐1: Invited Paper: Display Performance Standards: Clearing up OEM and Consumer Confusion

The PC display market has evolved rapidly in recent years, with new technologies and capabilities like high dynamic range (HDR), motion blur reduction and ultra‐high variable refresh rates being introduced at a rapid rate. However, when it comes to choosing a display, consumers are often at a disadvantage. How can they better understand the capabilities of each display, and trust the specs provided by the manufacturer? For display OEMs, having consistent, measurable display performance parameters around which to qualify and promote their products is also beneficial to product development and commercialization.For the past six years, the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) has released multiple front‐of‐screen performance standards to help consumers and OEMs meet these needs. This paper will review the compliance test specifications for several of these standards, including the newest update to VESA's HDR standard, DisplayHDR v1.2, which will be launched in the first half of 2024.

63‐4: A New Single X‐Wire Active Matrix mini‐LED backlight with Motion Blur Reduction for LCD TVs

We have developed a high‐image‐quality 85‐inch 4K HDR LCD display with 2,304 dimming zones using single X‐wire AM mini‐LED backlight unit with motion blur and residual image reduction technology. Our latest work includes the proposed new single X‐wire AM driving method, consists of one matrix controller (DCON) and X‐wires of mini‐LED driver ICs (dimmers), which eliminates extra scanning, sensing lines and pixel/source driver IC using adjustable addressing dimming method, the flexible layout makes the display size easier to expand with low cost, and the H‐scan driving method which is designed for reducing motion blur and residual image using a scanning black frame insertion technology to improve display quality. The proposed mini‐LED BLU can save about 9% power consumption compared to conventional one in normal display.

A Novel Single X-Wire AM Mini-LED Backlight Unit with Motion Blur Reduction for High-Image-Quality LCD TVs

We have demonstrated a high-image-quality 85-inch 4 K high-dynamic-range (HDR) LCD display with 2304 dimming zones using a single X-wire AM mini-LED backlight unit (BLU) with motion blur and residual image reduction technology. Our latest work proposed the new single X-wire AM driving method, consisting of one matrix control IC/dimming controller (DCON) and X-wires of mini-LED driver ICs (dimmers), which eliminates extra scanning, sensing lines and pixel/source driver IC using an adaptive addressing dimming method. Additionally, a single X-wire controlled system can realize a flexible and expandable layout, which can achieve ultra thin and low cost in ultra-high dimming zones and large size display. Furthermore, the horizontal-scan (H-scan) driving method, which reduces motion blur and residual images using a scanning black frame insertion (BFI) technology, is utilized. The proposed mini-LED BLU can save about 9% power consumption compared to the conventional one in normal displays.

High fidelity mini-LED backlit liquid crystal displays

ABSTRACT Mini-LED backlit liquid crystal display (LCD) exhibits premium display performance, benefiting from the new design space enabled by the mini-LED backlight unit: the flexibility in subframe sequential illumination enables motion blur reduction; the selective illumination of bright zones and dark zones offers high dynamic range, good sunlight readability and power saving; the high zone density suppresses the visual artefact of ‘halo effect’ that is commonly observed in conventional local dimming LCDs. In this paper, we discuss limiting factors and solutions to achieve high display fidelity regarding the abovementioned performance metrics.

50.3: MPRT Enhancement Gate Driver Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for Image‐Quality Improvement

50.3: MPRT Enhancement Gate Driver Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for Image‐Quality Improvement

P‐44: MPRT Enhancement Gate Driver Circuit Employing IGZO TFTs for Image‐Quality Improvement

We present a novel gate driver circuit using IGZO TFTs which can decrease the MPRT (Motion Picture Response Time) value from 6.8ms to 3.4ms at the frequency of 120Hz. And this means the OLED panels’ image quality can be greatly improved through motion blur reduction. The MPRT enhancement GOA (Gate driver on array) can output three kinds of waveforms for normal display, black data insertion and external compensation within one frame. We save 14 TFTs and 2 capacitors through sharing sense input and hold unit, black data inserting input unit and leakage prevention unit between two adjacent rows which greatly simplify our multifunction GOA structure. This circuit is verified at high temperature (50℃) companied with high humidity (80% RH) during 500 hours with no problem through 15.6 inch experiment panels which resolution is 768 columns by 2160 rows. Besides, the proposed structure can make our future 30inch 4K2K panel to achieve a narrow bezel smaller than 7mm.

Omnidirectional Panoramic Video System With Frame-by-Frame Ultrafast Viewpoint Control

This study developsan omnidirectional panoramic video system that can simultaneously observe zoom-in images at dozens of different viewpoints in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$360^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula> field of view by synchronizing hundreds of frames per second video shooting, with a rotation of tens-of-rotation-per-second mirror-rotator. When video shooting a scene with a certain exposure utilizing a mirror-rotator, apparent motion in the captured images becomes too large to observe non-blurred images, owing to its high-speed rotation. To reduce motion blurs caused by the rotation of a mirror-rotator, our system introduces an ultrafast pan-tilt mirror mechanism that can cancel apparent motion in images by executing frame-by-frame viewpoint control, so that the apparent speed in images becomes zero when the camera shutter is open, and it returns to its home position when the shutter is closed. Our system can capture 40 omnidirectionally different view images at 10 fps in real time by synchronizing 400-fps video shooting with frame-by-frame ultrafast pan-tilt mirror control for motion blur reduction when a mirror-rotator rotates at 10 rps. Its performance is verified by experimental results for several omnidirectional real scenes, and our system can capture clear and bright panoramic zoom-in images without decreasing the camera exposure when omnidirectionally observing dozens-of-meters-distance outdoor scenes.

76‐2: Distinguished Paper: A High‐Image‐Quality OLED Display with Motion Blur Reduction for Ultra‐High Resolution and Premium TVs

We have developed a high image quality OLED Display with motion blur reduction technology. Our latest work includes driving method which reduces motion blur using an adaptive black data insertion, brightness compensation technology, the simple structure pixel with low capacitance coupling for horizontal noise, and the multi‐function integrated gate driver. The MPRT value of the OLED display panel with a fast response time was significantly affected by the frame frequency and the compensation driving method. The decrease in the MPRT value originated from the turning of the emitting pixels off in advance resulting from providing black data. The integrated gate drivers were designed to achieve the normal display, the black data insertion, and the compensation mode. The MPRT value of the 65‐inch UHD OLED panels was decreased to 3.4ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit. The motion blur of large‐size OLED display panels was significantly reduced due to a decrease in the MPRT value.

A high image quality organic light‐emitting diode display with motion blur reduction for ultrahigh resolution and premium TVs

AbstractIn this paper, we present a high image quality organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display with motion blur reduction technology. Our latest work includes driving method that reduces motion blur using an adaptive black data insertion, brightness compensation technology, the simple structure pixel with low capacitance coupling for horizontal noise, and the multifunction integrated gate driver. The moving picture response time (MPRT) value of the OLED display panel with a fast response time was significantly affected by the frame frequency and the compensation driving method. The MPRT value of the large‐size OLED display panels was significantly decreased by using the integrated gate driver circuit with an MPRT reduction method. The decrease in the MPRT value originated from the turning of the emitting pixels off in advance resulting from providing black data. The integrated gate drivers were designed to achieve the normal display, the black data insertion, and the compensation mode. The MPRT value of the 65‐in. ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) OLED panels was decreased to 3.4 ms by using an integrated gate driver circuit. The motion blur of large‐size OLED display panels was significantly reduced due to a decrease in the MPRT value.

Detection and analysis of a quay crane surface based on the images captured by a UAV

ABSTRACTIn the port environment, the operation of the quay crane is critical but its damage is common and inevitable. In order to solve the difficulty of manually detecting the surface of the quay crane, a method for detecting and analysing surface images captured by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using image processing is proposed in this study. Pixel physical size calibration is first used in to provide auxiliary information for automatic measurement. Considering the environmental impacts such as wind and illumination, grey, motion blur reduction and image enhancement are used to make the target area clearer. A surface analysis method based on grey value is proposed to provide the basis for maintenance of key components and corroded areas, so that the blind areas can be reduced to make detection become more accurate and the cost of detection can be cut.

Motion blur reduction with triangular waveform emission and optimized enhance filter

AbstractDegradation of moving image quality by motion blur on hold‐type displays is a well‐known issue. In order to reduce motion blur, a number of driving methods, such as a higher frame rate and a shorter temporal aperture, have been proposed. Methods to reduce motion blur by means of signal processing as a precompensation method have also been proposed. In these methods, however, hold emission that emits light at a constant intensity during a frame is used. Since the spatial frequency response of the hold emission in a moving picture has a null point, the effectiveness of precompensation methods is limited to the lower‐spatial frequency domain. A triangular waveform emission has been investigated, and it has a higher spatial frequency response than hold emission. In the present paper, we calculated an optimized enhancement filter for the triangular waveform emission as a precompensation method and demonstrated its effectiveness for reducing motion blur by using the triangular waveform emission and the optimized enhancement filter. As a result, the optimized enhancement filter reduced motion blur and suppressed distortion that emerged when using a conventional enhancement filter.

2. Optimization of CT-scan acquisition parameters and choice of the breathing amplitude margins for non-synchronized freebreathing technique

Introduction Spirometry allows an indirect control of moving targets in breathing hold (BH) or their monitoring in freebreathing (FB). FB technique requires a synchronization between the CT-scan acquisition (4D-CT) and the breathing cycles. This technique is not included in every system. The Slow-CT scan is a possible alternative to optimize the monitoring of moving targets. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of non-synchronized FB using Slow-CT scan in terms of image quality, breathing amplitude and respiratory rate. Methods Standard-CT, Slow-CT and 4D-CT acquisitions are made with a Siemens Somatom Scope Power scan, with a voltage of 130 kV and modulated intensity (CARE Dose 4D®). UH, low contrasts, slice thickness and spatial resolution are analyzed on Catphan® 504. The moving target, a lung equivalent cylindrical insert including a 3 cm diameter sphere, is set in motion by Quasar™ Respiratory Motion. The breathing cycles are created by Trace Generator. Reconstruction performances are evaluated for breaths from 10 to 30 breaths per minute (BPM) and an amplitude of 2 cm. The radiation dose is estimated by the volumetric computed tomography dose index (CTDI). The choice of the FB amplitude margins is made from a retrospective analysis of 15 patients treated in BH conditions. The image quality of the 4D-CT Average and Slow-CT sequences is examined on patients. Results Noise is reduced up to 30% in Slow-CT (σ = 3.0 UH) in comparison with 4D-CT Average (σ = 4.9 UH). A systematic error of +0.35 mm of slice thickness reconstruction occurs for 4D-CT Average. The low contrasts score (visual) increases in 4D-CT Average. In 4D-CT Average (>50 s), the amplitude reconstruction is faithful (49.8 mm instead of 50.0 mm in theory) with the 10 BPM/2 cm amplitude couple. In Slow-CT (>60 s), for BPM between 12 and 18, the mean reconstructed amplitude is 47 mm. It is 41 mm for BPM ⩽10 or ⩾30. The amplitude reconstruction is optimized for 15 BPM (49.5 mm). In Standard-CT (6–20 s), it appears distortions in the 3 reconstruction planes and relatives errors up to 60 %. In Slow-CT and 4D-CT, the mean CTDI are respectively 16.4 mGy and 15.2 mGy. The optimized Slow-CT acquisition parameters are 130 kV, collimation of 16x0.6 mm, 2 mm reconstructed slice, pitch of 0.4, rotation time of 1.5 s and a ratio (Acquisition time (s))/BPM⩾4. The retrospective analysis of patients shows a maximum interfraction amplitude difference of 100 mL. The spirometer calibration includes a 60 mL uncertainty (2% of 3 L). A margin of 100 mL is chosen as upper limit (inhalation); the baseline, allowing an automatic stabilization of the system display, is the lower limit (exhalation). On clinical images, Slow-CT shows a motion blur reduction (heart, mediastinum) and a noise reduction in a range of 10–15%. Conclusions The Slow-CT sequence offers an alternative to 4D-CT for incompatible systems. Parameters such as collimation, pitch, rotation time and the ratio (Acquisition time (s))/BPM⩾4 must be adapted. CTDI are similar for Slow-CT and 4D-CT. Margins optimization and further clinical cases are ongoing. A study about dose optimization while obtaining the same amount of signal will be carried out using different level of noise reduction algorithm.

Motion-blur-free video shooting system based on frame-by-frame intermittent tracking

In this paper, a concept of frame-by-frame intermittent tracking to achieve motion-blur-free and high-brightness images when video shooting fast moving scenes is proposed. In our tracking concept, two control methods are applied alternately at hundreds of hertz, according to the open or closed shutter state of the camera. When the shutter is open, the target’s speed in images is controlled at zero and visual feedback is transmitted to achieve motion blur reduction, and when the shutter is closed, the camera returns to its home position. We developed a prototype of our motion-blur-free video shooting system, which consists of our tracking method implemented on a high-speed two degrees-of-freedom tracking vision platform that controls the pan and tilt directions of the camera view by using high-speed video processing in order to reduce motion blur. Our motion-blur-free video shooting system can capture gray-level 512times 512 images at 125 fps with frame-by-frame intermittent tracking. Its performance is verified by the experimental results for several video sequences of fast moving objects. In the experiments, without a decrease in the exposure times our method reduced image degradation caused by motion blur.

Motion-Blur-Free High-Speed Video Shooting Using a Resonant Mirror.

This study proposes a novel concept of actuator-driven frame-by-frame intermittent tracking for motion-blur-free video shooting of fast-moving objects. The camera frame and shutter timings are controlled for motion blur reduction in synchronization with a free-vibration-type actuator vibrating with a large amplitude at hundreds of hertz so that motion blur can be significantly reduced in free-viewpoint high-frame-rate video shooting for fast-moving objects by deriving the maximum performance of the actuator. We develop a prototype of a motion-blur-free video shooting system by implementing our frame-by-frame intermittent tracking algorithm on a high-speed video camera system with a resonant mirror vibrating at 750 Hz. It can capture 1024 × 1024 images of fast-moving objects at 750 fps with an exposure time of 0.33 ms without motion blur. Several experimental results for fast-moving objects verify that our proposed method can reduce image degradation from motion blur without decreasing the camera exposure time.

LCD Motion Blur: Modeling, Analysis, and Algorithm

Liquid crystal display (LCD) devices are well known for their slow responses due to the physical limitations of liquid crystals. Therefore, fast moving objects in a scene are often perceived as blurred. This effect is known as the LCD motion blur. In order to reduce LCD motion blur, an accurate LCD model and an efficient deblurring algorithm are needed. However, existing LCD motion blur models are insufficient to reflect the limitation of human-eye-tracking system. Also, the spatiotemporal equivalence in LCD motion blur models has not been proven directly in the discrete 2-D spatial domain, although it is widely used. There are three main contributions of this paper: modeling, analysis, and algorithm. First, a comprehensive LCD motion blur model is presented, in which human-eye-tracking limits are taken into consideration. Second, a complete analysis of spatiotemporal equivalence is provided and verified using real video sequences. Third, an LCD motion blur reduction algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm solves an l(1)-norm regularized least-squares minimization problem using a subgradient projection method. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm gives higher peak SNR, lower temporal error, and lower spatial error than motion-compensated inverse filtering and Lucy-Richardson deconvolution algorithm, which are two state-of-the-art LCD deblurring algorithms.

73.2: A Novel Design for Broadcasting LCD

Abstract32″ FHD LCD for broadcasting display system was researched. In order to satisfy high standard specification of broadcasting display, design was carried out at the consideration of optimum performance of panel, BL, mechanical parts, circuit so that characteristics of wide color gamut, improved color depth, wide viewing angle, improved white uniformity and motion blur reduction without frame rate control could be achieved. As a result, broadcasting LCD that can be commercialized was developed.

Filter banks for improved LCD motion

In the past several years much attention has been placed on improving the motion picture quality of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). One pervasive problem is motion blur which occurs due to the inherent sample-and-hold nature of LCD image formation. In this work, we take a signal processing approach to motion blur reduction by pre-processing the data before it is sent to the display. We develop a two-channel non-perfect reconstruction filter bank that is able to reduce the amount of perceivable motion blur. In addition, as in similar works, we discriminate between different regions of the scene and weight the application of the algorithm based on their susceptibility to motion blur. Perceptual tests indicate that our algorithm reduces the amount of perceivable motion blur on LCDs.

P‐47: Hold‐Type Display Motion Blur Reduction with Spatial Compensation

AbstractMotion blur reduction technology becomes more and more important in LCD TV applications. Recently, black data insertion, scanning backlight, LED local dimming, and high frame rate driving with ME/MC are main technologies for motion blur reduction. Those technologies improve motion blur by reducing temporal integration time of human visual system. We proposed a novel method to reduce motion blur by mapping the designed optical waveform back to the spatial position on the display. By this proposed method, we can improve the motion picture response time without increasing frame rate and decreasing the luminance of display. By simple motion estimation (simply estimating the motion speed and direction) and mapping the designed optical waveform back to the spatial position, the complex computing hardware can be saved and the requirement for LC panel can be reduced.

P‐52: Evaluation of LCD Optical Performances with Motion Blur Reduction and Color Improvement Technologies

AbstractMotion blur and color improvement technologies are applied to three popular LC modes, twisted nematic, fringe field switching, and multi‐domain vertical aligned. FFS panel demonstrates the best overall performance. A new metric for avoiding flicker or comparing flicker performance between different panels is proposed.

P‐92: Motion Blur Estimation on LCDs

AbstractToday there is no requirement concerning LCD motion blur in TCO Requirements (e.g. TCO'06 Media Displays). The primary goal of this study is to find a measurement method for motion blur which is easy to carry out and gives reproducible results lab to lab. This method should be able to take in account motion blur reduction systems such as backlight flashing. Measurement results and method proposal are given.