Mother Ship Research Articles

Animal Rights, Human Wrongs

At this moment workers on board the mother ship of a pirate whaling vessel are disassembling the carcass of a whale. Though officially protected by agreement of the International Whaling Commission, pirate whalers operate outside IWC regulations, and it is not too incredible to imagine them butchering a great blue whale, the largest creature ever known to have lived on the earth—larger than thirty elephants, larger even than three of the largest dinosaurs laid end to end. A good catch, this leviathan of the deep. And, increasingly, a rare one. For the great blue, like hundreds of other animal species, is endangered—may, in fact, already be beyond the point of recovery.

A review of the U.S.S.R. fishing industry

Abstract Since World War II the Soviet Union has increased the output of its fishing industry nearly tenfold. To achieve this the USSR had to shift operations from inland and coastal waters to the open seas. The process of converting the fishing industry from being based primarily on inland waters and on individual fishermen to operating in coastal waters and organizing state-planned and controlled enterprises was started before WWII. The postwar period saw the Soviet Union reach further and further into the oceans of the world. She rapidly increased her fleet capacity by construction at home and in other communist countries. Investments in the fishing industry increased from 1 4 of one per cent of the total investments in the country in pre-war years to 1% during the 1966–70 Five Year Plan. As a result, the size of individual units increased. The Soviet fleet acquired large modern processing mother ships, operating far away from home bases, and trawlers equipped with processing and freezing facilities. An increasingly higher proportion of the catch was caught and processed far from home. the fastest growth occurred during the sixties. In 1961 31.7% of all vessels had refrigeration facilities, in 1970 63.2%. The catch per vessel increased from 248 MT in 1960 to 681 MT in 1970; on fishing and processing refrigeration vessels it had reached 11,350 MT. The newly built fleet units have encountered difficulties in finding depleting resources of fish. In 1959 to catch 1 MT of fish in the open seas the average distance covered by the fleet was 1655 miles, by 1966 the distance had increased to 2881 miles. The increase in the size of the fishing fleet and of its processing capacities had led to an increase in the consumption of fish products in the USSR from 6.7 kg in 1913 to 18.5 kg in 1976. Furthermore, during the decade 1966–1975 alone, the Soviet Union exported about 1.5 billion dollars worth of fishing industry products. The rapid growth of the world output of sea products has brought about a change in the attitude of various nations to sea resources. One after another, coastal states have declared 200-mile economic zones, placing countries with large fishing fleets in a difficult situation. The Soviet Union is one of the countries most effected by the new restrictions. She will have to re-deploy her fishing fleet, partly into her own coastal waters and partly to foreign economic zones on the basis of new agreements or joint ventures. In spite of the difficulties faced, the Soviet Union plans to increase the output of her fishing industry during the current Five Year Plan (1976–1980) by 0.785 million MT. However, this increase is to be considerably less than during the previous Five Year Plan, when it amounted to 2.529 million MT.

In-Flight Alignment and Calibration of Inertial Measurement Units¿Part I: General Formulation

This is the first part of a two-part paper which summarizes work pursued by the author in 1966 [1]. The paper describes the application of minimum-variance estimation techniques for in-flight alignment and calibration of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) relative to another IMU and/or some other reference. The first part formulates the problem, and the second part [2] reports numerical results and analyses. The approach taken is to cast the problem into the framework of Kalman-Bucy estimation theory, where velocity and position differences between the two IMU's are used as observations and the IMU parameters of interest become part of the state vector. Instrument quantization and computer roundoff errors are considered as measurement noise, and environmental induced random accelerations are considered as state noise. Typical applications of the technique presented might include the alignment and calibration of IMU's on aircraft carriers, the initialization of rockets or rocket airplanes which are launched from the wing of a mother ship, the alignment and calibration of IMU's which are only used in the latter phases of rocket flight, and for the initialization/updating of SST guidance systems.

Prelude to 2001: Explorations in human communication.

N the science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey and in the book based on that film (Clarke, 1968), one of the principal characters is a computer called HAL. HAL is quite a remarkable gadget. It directs and plots the course of an enormous vehicle traveling through deep space. It computes courses, speeds, and trajectories for satellite vehicles that leave and return to the mother ship. It monitors continuously the various subsystems of the space ship and displays the information it senses in a variety of forms. In anticipation of emergencies and equipment failures, it alerts the astronauts and suggests expedient courses of remedial action. It controls the physiological condition of astronauts who are in hibernation for the duration of the trip, as well as those who are in a normal physiological state and on duty. When the astronauts are bored, it plays chess with them and engages in other intellectual diversions upon request. Indeed, HAL even has some primitive human emotions and motivations, and it is those that eventually lead to a catastrophic end of the mission. All these things that HAL did in the film are more fact than fiction, for computers today already do all the things enumerated or are at least capable

A STUDY OF THE OPERATIONAL INTERFACE THE COASTAL HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SHIP SYSTEM CONCEPT FORMULATION

ABSTRACTNaval Engineering in the past has been directed primarily at solving problems inherent in a particular ship of prescribed principal characteristics. In the very beginning of the traditional ship development process, these characteristics are varied slightly but they become fixed fairly early in the preliminary design phase. The ship proper then establishes the boundaries for the practice of Naval Engineering. This procedure is no longer always used.Now the Naval Engineer must be concerned with the ship's entire operating environment. He must investigate the total mission, consider operational factors, and integrate these into the ship development process to develop a total ship system. In this procedure, the ship is no longer treated as an entity but as a highly dependent subsystem in the design of a much broader sea‐based system.This new approach is known as Concept Formulation. The Hydrographic Survey Ship System is being developed under this process during which surveying instrumentation, surveying vehicles, data processing and cartographic equipment, and the mother ship configuration are being treated jointly as system variables. Designers will be expected to provide the design which is optimum from the standpoint of the total system. This will require Naval Engineers to understand total system objectives and the effectiveness analyses which will determine the specifications of the entire system.This paper discusses the procedures used in Concept Formulation and shows some of the tech‐niques used in solving the Naval Engineering problems that arise from the consideration of the ship and its interface with the operational environment.

A Small Research Submarine in the Arctic

Describes the two-man undersea work boat, Pisces I, produced by International Hydrodynamics Co Ltd of Vancouver, B.C. The 15,000 lb vessel normally operates to depths of 1800 ft. With the CCGS Labrador as a mother ship in Canadian Arctic Islands waters Aug-Sept 1968, the submarine made dives in ice-covered seas with no problems in launching and retrieval by the Labrador when wave or swell height did not exceed 3 ft. Photos were made in the exceptionally clear water, but those of the underside of sea ice were disappointing, as were attempts to observe mammals in relation to their underwater sounds. Homing and communication devices must be so located on the submersible as to remain effective while it is pressed up under the sea ice.

漁況よりみた母船式サケ・マス漁場の形成とその推移について.ベニザケ

Judging from all the available data obtained in the salmon season for the seven years from 1954 to 1960, salmon mother ships began their fishing operations at the end of May in those years, when prominent fishing grounds for salmon must have been formed in the area situated in latitude 46°N to 52°N and longitude 165°E to 170°E, where red and chum salmon were expected to come swarming about. There seems to have been two centers of the salmon fishing grounds; one, up in the north of the area and the other, down in the south. In the area in the west longitude south of the Aleutian, mainly in the north of 50°N, there seemed to be every indication for red salmon to appear late in May of those seven years. Early in June salmon fishing grounds may have been appointed in two areas; one to the south of the Aleutian Islands, and the other, in the Bering Sea north of the Aleutian, with the center of the fishing grounds moving towards the Bering Sea in mid-June. Toward longitude area may have shifted to the east as far as 178°W, only those of minor importance still remaining early in July. Up to the mid-June in those seven years in the area east of 165°E to the south of the Aleutian, there seems to have been a pretty large catch of red salmon, while in the area west of the same longitude more chum salmon were found than red salmon. Late in June, however, the main fishing grounds for red salmon are believed to have been turned to the area west of 165°E.

年令組成からみた北洋ベニザケ成魚の系群と回遊について

he distributional pattern of each population of red salmon which came migrating to the fishing grounds for the Japanese mother ship salmon fishery in summer, 1960 was tentatively examined mainly based on the appearance of dominant age groups. The samples used for this purpose have been obtained every five day unit from various unit areas limited by longitude 1° and latitude 1°, respectively. Our first examined population, which have belonged apparently to the East Kamchatka type, was especially dominant in number during the period between May and late June in the North Pacific waters lying from the southeastern coast of Kamchatka to nearly as far east as longitude 173°E, with their southern bounds in latitude 47°-48°N (Fig. 2). This population was chiefly composed of the 52 and the 63 age groups of 3-ocean-year-old salmon. Those red salmon migrating to Olyutorskii District were dominant in number late in June in the western part of the Bering Sea bounded by 58°-60°N and 171°-178°E, mainly represented by the 52 and the 63 age groups, as was seen in the East Kamchatka salmon. The West Kamchatka red salmon, which were mainly composed of the 53 or the 42 age group of the 2-ocean-year-old ones, seemed to have come migrating from some farther south to the northern limits of the North Pacific, west of longitude 174°E. The 53 age group appeared at first rather in plenty early in June in the waters bounded by 46°-48°N and 160°-170°E, and then rapidly extended northward, until in July the group was seen in nearly all the waters where those salmon of the East Kamchatka type had been found abundantly in May or June. As to the 42 age group, it was dominant in number from the middle of July till the latter part of the same month in the same waters where the 53 age group had been plentifully found in June and July. Red salmon, which have their origin in the Bristol Bay, Alaska, made their appearance in May or in June in the Bering Sea and the waters around the Aleutian Ids, lying between 50°-56°N and 171°E-178°W (Fig. 2). Age composition characterized this group of salmon in 1960, for the 42 age group was very dominant in number.

SUBMARINE MOTHER SHIP “CEARA”

Journal of the American Society for Naval EngineersVolume 70, Issue 3 p. 511-514 SUBMARINE MOTHER SHIP “CEARA” First published: August 1958 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1958.tb01759.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume70, Issue3August 1958Pages 511-514 RelatedInformation

"Kuroshio", Undersea Observation Chamber, a New Weapon for Submarine Geological Works

A new submarine research chamber named "Kuroshio" which belongs to the University of Hokkaido was built in 1951 for the purpose of studying oceanography, biology and fishery visually at the undersea. It was planned and designed by Prof. N. Inoue (Hokkaido University) and R. Oaki (International Marine Engineering Co.), under the guidance of Prof. U. Nakaya (Hokkaido University), with the help of Dr. T. Sasaki (Scientific Research Institute). Most parts of it were constructed by the Tsurumi shipyard (Nippon Steel Tube Co.) and accessories such as window glasses, underwater lightings, guages and instruments were provided by several makers.The "Kuroshio" is 3.15m. in height (to the top of the hatch cover), 3.70m, in length (from the tip of wooden bearer to the end of the direction stabilizer fins) and 1.48m, of outside diameter of the observation chamber, with total weight of almost 5, 000kg, with accessories. It has one main observasion window with controlable reflector, one seabottom observation window and three side and rear windows Lighting equipments are well prepared for submarine observation and for photographying. It is hung down from a mother ship by suspending wire and electric cables for light and telephone will serve as second hunging wire when necessary.Tow or three persons are able to work in the chamber operating instruments, making scientific observations and taking photographs from the window. They always communicate by telephone with the bridge of the mother boat, talking everythings what they saw, what it happened and giving orders to each other. The endurance of staying at the undersea is about 10 hours for 2 persons aided by the oxygen feeder and CO2 absorbing unit. Its safe diving depth is 200m, below sea surface as it is designed to make surveying on the continental shelf, although it is durable under the pressure of 400m, sea depth. The suspended "Kuroshio" is usually slowly propelled by the drifting or slowly moving of mother ship and able to stand still at the sea bottom when the mother ship is anchored.Important scientific results were obtained by the "Kuroshio" since 1951 at various areas around the Japanese islands. Among biological works, observations on "marine snow" (snow flake like suspending aggregates of disintegrating corpses of planktonic micro-organisms) were well done and habitats of many kinds of bottom fishes and benthonic animals, burrows and piles of them were fully recorded. In the field of fishery, behaviers of trawl net fish traps and plankton net under operation, nature of fish culture bed and effects of light for fishing were investigated, while optical and sonologic studies in the undersea and turbid water observation were made in physical oceanography.The present author tried to operate the "Kuroshio" for submarine geological surveying since 1953 and found it to be a very useful tool for the purpose. In the Ishikari Bay of Hokkaido, several types of ripple marks under formation and some mode of occurrence of marine shells were seen at the sea bottom, suggesting us its usefulness on studying marine sedimentation. In the Tsugaru Strait between Honsho and Hokkaido, where a project of railroad tunnel driving is now under planning by the Japanese Government Railway, kinds of rocks and every geological formations exposed on the seafloor were fully identified by naked eye from the window. And it lead us to believe that it will be possible to draw geological route map of the seafloor by continuos, linear observation on the "Kuroshio" by slow moving and even making geological map when routes are effectively selected. This submarine geological work will be done more efficientry in cooperation with bottom rock sampling by dredging method.