Mothers Stop Breastfeeding Research Articles

OPTIMALISASI BREASTFEEDING PADA IBU POST SECTIO CAESARIA DI RSUD PANGERAN JAYA SUMITRA KABUPATEN KOTABARU

Breastfeeding is the activity of giving breast milk (ASI) from the mother's breast to the baby. Special circumstances that hinder breastfeeding, such as mothers who give birth by cesarean section so that mothers stop breastfeeding and post-cesarean pain experienced by mothers which results in mothers not being optimal in breastfeeding their babies. The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the Kotabaru area in 2021 is still low (54% of the target of 95%). The total number of mothers giving birth in Kotabaru Regency in 2021 is 9,253 people. The objective is to knowing the optimization of breastfeeding for post sectio caesaria mothers at Pangeran Jaya Sumitra Hospital, Kotabaru Regency. Knowing the optimization of breastfeeding in post sectio caesaria mothers in Pang Hospital. Descriptive research method. The population of all post sectio caesaria was 30 people. The sample uses total sampling. The instrument used observation sheets and questionnaires which were analyzed univariately by Jaya Sumitra, Kotabaru Regency. The results showed that of the 30 respondents, there were 10 people (33.3%) in the category of not optimal Breastfeeding mothers and 20 people (66.7%) in the optimal category of Breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding has been carried out optimally for post sectio caesaria mothers.

Breastfeeding among South Sudanese refugees in protracted settlements in Adjumani district, Uganda: facilitators and barriers

BackgroundEvidence suggests that forced migration and refugee status may adversely impact mothers’ breastfeeding choices. Furthermore, suboptimal breastfeeding practices have been reported among vulnerable populations including those living in refugee settlements. Therefore, this study investigated the barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding in protracted settlements in Adjumani district, in the West Nile region in Uganda.MethodsThis study was conducted among refugees living in protracted settlements located in Uganda in July 2019. Participants, originally from South Sudan, included mothers (n = 63) and fathers (n = 32) of children less than 24 months of age. Agojo, Ayilo-I, and Nyumanzi were randomly selected among the 17 refugee settlements in Adjumani. Participants formed a total of six focus group discussions (FGDs); four FGDs for mothers and two FGDs for fathers. Each FGD consisted of 15–16 participants. Data were transcribed verbatim and back-translated into English. Thematic analysis was used and data were analyzed using NVivo, v. 12.ResultsFacilitators of breastfeeding included knowledge of breastfeeding benefits, support from husband/father, support from the community, and support from non-governmental organizations. Mothers and fathers noted that breastfeeding protected children from diseases and breastfed children grew well. Fathers, the community, and organizations provided material support for breastfeeding mothers. Four themes were identified as barriers to breastfeeding: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial. Mothers and fathers described physical barriers such as mothers stop breastfeeding when they are sick or they feel they are not producing enough breastmilk. Mothers reported that working or educated mothers may use other milk to feed their infant. Some mothers and fathers believed infants under six months needed more than breastmilk. Fathers described psychosocial barriers such as mothers’ fear of pain during breastfeeding and maternal mental health issues.ConclusionInterventions and policies that aim to improve breastfeeding in protracted settlements should consider addressing the barriers to breastfeeding at each level: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial. Involving and encouraging support from husbands/fathers, relatives, and the community may increase adherence to breastfeeding recommendations.

Facilitators and Barriers of Breastfeeding in Post-emergency Settlements: Qualitative Findings From Uganda

ObjectivesSuboptimal breastfeeding practices have been reported among vulnerable populations including those living in post-emergency refugee settlements. This study investigated the barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding in post-emergency settlements in Adjumani district, in the West Nile region in Uganda. MethodsParticipants included mothers and fathers of children less than 23 months of age who lived in post-emergency refugee settlements of Agojo, Ayilo, and Nyumanzi. Participants formed a total of five focus group discussions (FGDs); four FGDs for mothers and two FGDs for fathers. The FGDs were conducted in native languages, Dinka and Madi, and were audio-recorded. Data were transcribed verbatim and back-translated into English. Thematic analysis was used and data were analyzed using NVivo v. 12. ResultsThe mean age (years) for mothers was 27.1 and 39.7 for fathers. Over half (61.9%) of mothers and many fathers (74.9%) received some formal education. Over a quarter (28.5%) of mothers attended less than 4 antenatal visits during their last pregnancy. Facilitators of breastfeeding included knowledge of breastfeeding benefits, support from husband/father, support from the community, and support from non-governmental organizations. Mothers and fathers reported that breastfeeding protected children from diseases and breasted children grow well. Four themes were identified as barriers of breastfeeding: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial barriers. Mothers and fathers reported physical barriers such as mothers stop breastfeeding when they are sick or they feel they are not producing enough breastmilk. Mothers described socioeconomic barriers including working outside the home and educated mothers chose to use other milk. Fathers reported psychosocial barriers such as mothers’ fear of pain during breastfeeding and maternal mental health issues. ConclusionsPolicies and interventions that aim to improve breastfeeding in post-emergency settlements should consider addressing the barriers to breastfeeding at each level: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial. Involving and encouraging support from husbands/fathers, relatives, and the community may increase adherence to breastfeeding recommendations. Funding SourcesThoma Chair, Oklahoma State University.

Why do mothers stop breastfeeding before 6 months? A literature review

Breastfeeding has many psychological, physical and emotional benefits for both the mother and infant that increase and strengthen with its prolonged duration. This review was conducted with the aim of understanding the prevalent factors in breastfeeding discontinuation before 6 months. Seven studies met the search criteria following analysis and four themes emerged: lack of support; physical or emotional health of the mother; maternal choice; and insufficient milk supply. It became apparent that each of these themes was underpinned by a lack of support. The views of mothers crossed a range of sociodemographic differences and, although their views were based on their individual experiences, the value of support from health professionals, family and peers appears to be crucial.

Working and Breastfeeding: Practical Ways You Can Support Employed Breastfeeding Mothers

The Business Case for Breastfeeding indicates that 80% of mothers stop breastfeeding within the first month of returning to work (Cardenas & Major, 2005). Unfortunately, research on returning to work and breastfeeding is limited. However, it is possible for clinicians to support working mothers and increase their rates of success. This article outlines some practical ways to support breastfeeding mothers as they return to work.

Severe Breast Pain Resolved with Pectoral Muscle Massage.

Many mothers stop breastfeeding because of breast and/or nipple pain, despite recommendations by the World Health Organization to exclusively breastfeed for the first 6 months. Most commonly, such pain is thought to be caused by fungal or bacterial infection; however, many women do not respond to usual treatments for such diagnoses. Furthermore, there is much dispute in the literature about these diagnoses and treatments. We submit a series of 3 cases of mothers who presented with severe mastalgia (breast pain) and who did not respond to conventional treatments. After treating the patients with pectoral muscle massage and stretching, they each had complete resolution of their pain. We suggest that each of these mothers experienced constriction of the upper thoracic muscles on their mammary neurovasculature.

Reasons for earlier than desired cessation of breastfeeding.

To describe the prevalence and factors associated with not meeting desired breastfeeding duration. Data were analyzed from 1177 mothers aged ≥18 years who responded to monthly surveys from pregnancy until their child was 1 year old. When breastfeeding stopped, mothers were asked whether they breastfed as long as they wanted (yes or no) and to rate the importance of 32 reasons for stopping on a 4-point Likert scale. Multiple logistic regressions were used to examine the association between the importance of each reason and the likelihood of mothers not meeting their desired breastfeeding duration. Approximately 60% of mothers who stopped breastfeeding did so earlier than desired. Early termination was positively associated with mothers' concerns regarding: (1) difficulties with lactation; (2) infant nutrition and weight; (3) illness or need to take medicine; and (4) the effort associated with pumping milk. Our findings indicate that the major reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding before they desire include concerns about maternal or child health (infant nutrition, maternal illness or the need for medicine, and infant illness) and processes associated with breastfeeding (lactation and milk-pumping problems). Continued professional support may be necessary to address these challenges and help mothers meet their desired breastfeeding duration.

Breastfeeding: the importance of intervening

Breast milk is considered by the WHO the ideal food for the first months of life. Although health professionals are aware of recommendations, high rates of drop-outs have been identified in Portugal. A false notion of hypogalactia is the major factor for early termination, which is allied to the technical difficulties of the feeding. Health professionals, often lacking training in the area, may have difficulty in reassuring mothers in these situations. In Portugal, at the 3rd month, most mothers stop breastfeeding by indication of their medical assistant. Gather evidence about the advantages of breast-feeding compared to artificial milk, and establish useful strategies in clinical practice to avoid early withdrawal. A survey was conducted for articles from the last six years in the major sites of evidence-based medicine and reference sites (Pubmed, Cochrane, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Tripdatabase, WHO). Breast-feeding is clearly associated with benefits to the infant, including significant protective effects for gastrointestinal infections (64%), middle ear (23- 50%), severe respiratory infections (73%) and for acute lymphocytic leukemia (19%) and sudden death syndrome in infants (36%). We also found long-term benefits, such as for obesity (7-24%) and other cardiovascular risk factors in adulthood. The mother also benefits from its protective effect for cancers of the breast and ovary, and diabetes mellitus type 2 as also, proportionate to the duration of breastfeeding. Health professionals have an important role in the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. The notion of its advantages, the communication prior to delivery, accessibility support and training in technical aspects of correct picks are the proven strategies for evidence explored in the article. Breast milk contains several unique and exclusive elements, orchestrators of its health benefits. Postnatal period is critical to the development of neuro--hypothalamic circuits involved in appetite control--nutritional programming--in which leptin, present in breast milk, appears to have a decisive role. Despite scientific advances, breast milk continues to demonstrate clear advantages for human health in the short and long term. Proper feeding technique is not often achieved by the dyad mother-infant alone, warning for a greater involvement of health professionals. It is urgent to continue to insist on training for the improvement of the indices relating to this area in Portugal.

Why Some Mothers Stop Breast-Feeding

Why Some Mothers Stop Breast-Feeding

Why Mothers Stop Breastfeeding: Mothers' Self-reported Reasons for Stopping During the First Year

Our goal was to determine why women stop breastfeeding at various times during their infant's first year. We analyzed self-reported data from 1323 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practice Study II. Mail questionnaires were sent to mothers approximately 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 1/2, and 12 months after their child's birth, in which they were asked to rate the importance of 32 reasons for their decision to stop breastfeeding. We applied exploratory factorial analysis to extract meaningful constructs of mothers' responses to the 32 reasons. We then compared the percentages of mothers who indicated that each reason was important in their decision to stop breastfeeding among various weaning ages and used multiple logistic regression models to examine sociodemographic differences in the most frequently cited reasons for stopping breastfeeding. The perception that their infant was not satisfied by breast milk alone was cited consistently as 1 of the top 3 reasons in the mothers' decision to stop breastfeeding regardless of weaning age (43.5%-55.6%) and was even more frequent among Hispanic mothers and mothers with annual household incomes of <350% of the federal poverty level. Mothers' concerns about lactation and nutrition issues were the most frequently cited reasons for stopping breastfeeding during the first 2 months. Starting from the third month, self-weaning reasons were increasingly cited as important, with the statements "My baby began to bite" (31.7%), "My baby lost interest in nursing or began to wean himself or herself" (47.3%), and "Breast milk alone did not satisfy my baby" (43.5%) cited as the top 3 reasons at > or = 9 months of age. Our findings about the major reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding at various times during their child's first year should be useful to health professionals when attempting to help mothers overcome breastfeeding barriers and to health officials attempting to devise targeted breastfeeding interventions on those issues prominent for each infant age.

Protection of breastfeeding, marketing of human milk substitutes and ethics.

Although human milk provides adequate nutrition, many children are weaned early and fed human milk substitutes. Breastfeeding replacement by commercial infant formula represents an important source of profit generation for formula manufacturers. Therefore, selling and marketing these products are planned carefully as mothers stop breastfeeding. The World Health Organization (WHO) established an International Code of Marketing of Breast Milk Substitutes in 1981 (WHO-UNICEF 1981) [Fig. 1]. These WHO standards have been in effect in Brazil since 1988, and were revised twice: in 1992 (NBCAL 1992) and in 2002. The Code provides one special article dealing with Health Workers (Article 7), in which rules for ethical procedures of infant formula companies are defined. The Brazilian Code was disseminated to pediatricians by professional associations and the Minister of Health. Copies of the Code also were distributed to pediatricians by the largest infant food company in Brazil, indicating how the company interprets the national Code.KeywordsInfant FormulaInternational CodeCompany RepresentativeMilk SubstitutePaulo CityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Post-Partum Breastfeeding Assessments

Despite a high initiation rate of breastfeeding in hospital, most mothers stop breastfeeding within a few weeks. “The window of professional unavailability” and lack of breastfeeding management skills amongst health professionals are partly to blame. This article, the third in a series, reviews the physiology of ongoing lactation, and outlines a protocol for post-partum breastfeeding that can be incorporated into routine postpartum management. It reviews the early detection of infants at risk for breastfeeding difficulties and insufficient milk intake. It outlines topics for discussion and anticipatory guidance at age appropriate intervals including breastfeeding and sexuality, introduction of solids, and child led weaning.