Mothers Of Preschool Children Research Articles

Awareness and Practices of Preventive Behaviors Toward Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Mothers of Preschool Children

Awareness and Practices of Preventive Behaviors Toward Intestinal Parasitic Infection among Mothers of Preschool Children

A study on the awareness and attitudes of mothers with children aged 0–6 towards autism in terms of various variables

The aim of the study was to examine mothers’ awareness and attitudes towards autism. The current study was conducted within the framework of the quantitative research method of the correlational survey model, involving 511 mothers between the ages of 18–50 with preschool-aged children. Among the participating mothers, 49.3% were in the 18–33 age range, while 50.7% were in the 34–50 age range. Regarding the number of children, 36.8% of mothers had one child, 46.0% had two children, 13.9% had three children, and 3.3% had four or more children. In terms of educational background, 7.0% had primary education, 16.8% had high school education, 15.5% had associate degrees, 43.6% had bachelor’s degrees, and 17.0% had postgraduate degrees. Data were collected using a demographic information form developed by the researchers, along with two different scales: the ‘Preschool Children Mothers’ Autism Awareness Scale’ and the ‘Societal Attitudes Toward Autism Scale.’ The findings suggest that, to reduce the stress levels of mothers with children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and enhance their preparedness, it is recommended to increase the awareness and knowledge levels of prospective mothers regarding ASD before pregnancy. Additionally, interventions aimed at changing negative attitudes and addressing educational deficiencies related to autism in mothers may influence their awareness and the sub-dimensions of the attitude scale.

Nutrition knowledge and health vulnerability of mothers of pre-school children in north-central, Nigeria.

This study explores the contribution of nutrition knowledge to the health status of pre-school children's mothers in Niger State, North-Central, Nigeria. The study is a descriptive cross-sectional design using a quantitative data collection method. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 450 mothers of pre-school children across Niger state, Nigeria. Chi-square and linear regression were used to test the level of statistical significance (at p < 0.05). Socioeconomic and demographic information, anthropometric indices and nutrition knowledge were obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Feeding patterns were also assessed using a qualitative 7-day dietary recall. The results showed that the majority (63.8%) of the mothers were within 26-35 years, and more than half (51.6%) of the mothers lacked knowledge of a "balanced diet". Fruits, vegetables, and dairy products were the least consumed food group among the mothers (7.1% and 9.1%, respectively). Place of residence, occupation, and method of waste disposal were significantly associated with maternal minimum dietary diversity adequacy (p<0.05). Over half (57.6%) of the mothers were within the normal BMI range, and the mean waist/hip ratio was 0.82± 0.08. Social media/online was the most (36.4%) explored source of nutrition information among the mothers. This study shows no significant association between nutrition knowledge and adequacy of minimum dietary diversity among the mothers of preschool children (p = 0.09, χ2 = 13.682). Dietary diversity among mothers was associated with the socioeconomic status and BMI of the mothers, which were strong determinants of meal quality and health outcomes in Nigeria and other developing countries experiencing food insecurity.

The Role of Mothers in the Education of their Preschool Children: A Comparative Qualitative Study

The objective of the study was to analyze the role of mothers in preschool education before and after the pandemic. The design used was descriptive-comparative with a qualitative approach. Nine mothers of preschool children from two public educational institutions in Lima-Peru participated. The verbal data was collected through in-depth interviews. Four subcategories were found: support in homework, support in learning activities, expectations and concerns, needs in terms of resources and forms of communication. In conclusion, before the pandemic, education was primarily teacher-centered. Currently, due to the lack of psychomotor, socioemotional, and communicative development caused by the pandemic, mothers are more involved and understand that the roles of parents and teachers are shared to ensure children's learning.&#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 20 September 2023 / Accepted: 22 December 2023 / Published: 5 January 2024

The Effectiveness of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on Dimesions of Family Functioning in Mothers of Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

The Effectiveness of Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) on Dimesions of Family Functioning in Mothers of Preschool Children: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Level of Knowledge among Mothers of Preschool Children Regarding Habit Formation and its Impact on Personality Development

Level of Knowledge among Mothers of Preschool Children Regarding Habit Formation and its Impact on Personality Development

On the optimal reform of income support for single parents

We characterize the optimal reform of U.S. income support for low-income single parents using a life-cycle heterogeneous agent model with idiosyncratic risk and incomplete asset markets. We use the U.S. tax-transfer system as the benchmark policy and a sample of single mothers drawn from the CPS to assess reforms that maximize average expected utility among single mothers-to-be. When policy cannot be tagged by the age of the children, the optimal reform calls for an increase in out-of-work income support by about 15 percent, and a decrease in earnings subsidies to low-wage workers by roughly 50 percent. This reform delivers substantial welfare gains. Tagging policy by the age of the children makes the government’s trade-off between providing insurance to single mothers with children of pre-school age, on the one hand, and providing work incentives to those with school-age children, on the other hand, more favorable, thus increasing their scope for smoothing marginal utility throughout the life cycle. With tagging, mothers of pre-school age children get a substantial increase in out-of-work income support and no earnings subsidies. Tagging brings additional welfare gains.

DETERMINANTS OF PARENTING STYLES ADOPTED BY MOTHERS OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN ACCORDING TO CHILD AND MOTHERS VARIABLES

The parent- child relationship has a major influence on most aspects of child development. The present study is conducted to know the Determinants of Parenting Styles adopted by fathers according to Child variables. Sample consists of 220 mothers of pre-school age children selected from Thirupati and Hyderabad. Multi stage systematic random sampling technique was used to select sample. Sample mothers were administered with Parental Attitude towards their Own Upbringing Scale andParenting Styles Questionnaire.The results of linear regression analysis revealed that the major determinants of child variables for adoption of parenting styles adopted by mother, birth order of the child showed significant contribution towards adoption of authoritarian and authoritative parenting style. Only birth order showed significant contribution towards permissive parenting style. Age of the mother, education of the mother, occupation of the mother and attitude of the mother were contributing significantly towards authoritarian and permissive parenting styles adopted by mothers of pre-school children.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Mindfulness Parenting Training Program along with Parent Management Training (Combined Training) with Mindfulness Parenting Training and Parent Management Training alone on Coping Strategies and Marital Satisfaction

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of the mindful parenting training program along with parent management training (combined training) with mindful parenting training and parent management training alone on coping strategies and marital satisfaction in mothers of preschool children. Methods: The current research was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population included all the mothers of preschool children in Kashmir city in 2019-2020, from which 120 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four groups include 30 subjects that first group received Mindful Parenting Training and second group received Parent Management Training in 8 sessions 120 to 150 minuties weekley, and last group received Combined Training in 16 sessions 150 minutes, two sessions per week. Control group didn’t recived any program and was wait list. In all three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up, all people completed Enrich's (1989) marital satisfaction questionnaires and Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) coping strategies. Finally, the data were analyzed by repeated measurement variance analysis methods with the help of SPSSV19 software. Results: The results showed that none of the educational methods were effective in marital satisfaction (F=0/08, P=0.98). This was despite the fact that in two problem-oriented (F= 6/97, P= 0/0001) and emotion-oriented strategies (F= 8/14, P= 0/001), this amount was significant. This means that in the post-test and follow-up phases, the combined training of parent management and mindful parenting was more effective. Conclusion: The findings of the research show that the combined training of mindful parenting and parenting management training can reduce emotion-oriented strategies and increase problem-oriented strategies, but it has no effect on marital satisfaction, so the awareness of parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists and other professionals about these trainings can be helpful.

Influence of Mother’s Oral Health Knowledge and Attitude on Primary Teeth among 1–6-year-old Children Attending Pediatric Hospital in Nellore District: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Oral health in children plays an important role as it lays down the foundation for healthy permanent teeth. In children, primary teeth play an important role in eating, speech, and facial appearance and also as a perfect space maintainer for permanent teeth. Mother is the first teacher of the child and she is the one who will take care of the child, so knowledge regarding the importance of primary teeth is necessary. Aim: The present study aimed to assess the knowledge of mothers with children aged 1–6 years on primary teeth and their importance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the mothers of children between 1 and 6 years attending a pediatric hospital in Nellore for 3 months. A prevalidated closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 15 questions on the knowledge and attitude of mothers on primary teeth and the importance of visiting a dentist for regular dental checkup was given, and the responses were collected on the same day. Results: A total of 211 mothers participated in the study and filled the questionnaire, of which 65.4% are of the view that it is important to save an infected primary tooth, and among them, 60.2% agreed for treatment. About 41.7% responded that they visited a pediatrician when pain occurs and 51.7% believed that having too much sweets is the reason for tooth decay. Conclusion: This study concluded that the mothers of preschool children had partial knowledge of primary teeth and there is a need to improve the knowledge of the importance of primary teeth and regular dental checkup.

A Descriptive Comparative Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Play Home Environment among Mother’s of Preschool Children at Selected Rural and Urban Areas

A descriptive comparative study was undertaken to assess the knowledge regarding play home environment among mothers of preschool children at selected rural and urban areas of Puducherry. A sample of 140 mothers (70 from urban &amp; 70 from rural) with children in the age group of 3 to 6 years was selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. Home observational visit and interview technique was employed to assess the knowledge of the mothers of Preschoolers regarding play home environment. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive comparative statistics. The findings of the descriptive and comparative study revealed that The association of Knowledge of 140 samples were considered, overall stimulation (Total Percentile Range) given by the mothers to their children showed majority of the mother’s stands on Middle half with 60.7% &amp; minor mother’s stands on Upper fourth with 15%. Comparison of mother’s knowledge on urban &amp; rural data shows that the Knowledge on overall stimulation (Total Percentile Range) given by the mothers to their children showed majority of the mother’s stands on Middle half with 60.7% &amp; minor mother’s stands on Upper fourth with 15% and p value is 0.000. The finding of the study showed that the demographic variables such as Locality (nuclear family), Birth order of the child (birth order of 1), Age of the child (4 – 4.11 age group), Educational qualification of partner (educational status of class XII &amp; Graduate), Employment of mother (not employed), Employment of father (employed), Religion (Hindu), Type of family (nuclear family), Sex of the child (male children’s &gt; female) influence the knowledge of mother regarding play home environment whereas Educational qualification of mother (educational status of no &amp; elementary education) doesn’t influence the knowledge. The study concluded that in the assessment of findings of knowledge of mothers of preschoolers on play home environment on urban and rural mothers, urban mother’s got satisfactory knowledge on overall play &amp; its environment with most of them in middle half percentile compared to rural mothers.

Effect of educational Program about first aid and prevention of choking for mothers of Preschool age children

Effect of educational Program about first aid and prevention of choking for mothers of Preschool age children

The effect of Mindful Parenting Training on Parent–Child Interactions, Parenting Stress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Mothers of Preschool Children

The effect of Mindful Parenting Training on Parent–Child Interactions, Parenting Stress, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Mothers of Preschool Children

Associations Between Food Insecurity and Neighborhood Safety, Social Cohesion, Social Control, and Crime Among Mothers of Preschool-Aged Children.

Food insecurity has myriad associations with poor health, and low-income communities have higher than average prevalence of food insecurity. Living in a supportive neighborhood social environment may protect against food insecurity, while adverse neighborhood social conditions, such as crime, may increase the likelihood of food insecurity. To examine associations between food insecurity and neighborhood social factors among families with young children, we administered a cross-sectional survey to 300 mothers and female caregivers of Medicaid-enrolled two- to four-year-old children in Philadelphia. We used multivariable regression to examine associations between food insecurity and perceived neighborhood safety, social cohesion, informal social control, and crime, adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood characteristics. Lower food insecurity prevalence was associated with higher perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion, and lower police-recorded violent crime rates. Future work to increase food security among low-income households may benefit from targeting the neighborhood social environment.

Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an App-Based Program for Mothers of Toddlers.

BackgroundFamilies have faced unprecedented challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased maternal mental health problems and barriers to accessing care. Innovative programs are needed to support both maternal mental health and parenting, and to buffer the long-term impacts of stress on young children. Using a patient-oriented approach, our research team aimed to co-develop and pilot test an App-based psychoeducation and social-connection platform: Building Emotional Awareness and Mental Health (BEAM).MethodsThe co-development process involved a parent advisory board from conceptualization and design, through to direct participation in the program delivery. The BEAM program includes weekly videos and activities based on Unified Protocol therapy modules and emotion-focused parenting strategies, a weekly telehealth group review session, and access to a private online forum for support from other mothers and clinical coaches. A parallel randomized control trial was conducted across two provinces in Canada. Mothers of preschool children (aged 18–36 months old), with moderate-to-severe depression (Patient Health Questionaire-9 ≥ 10), were recruited online and randomized to either the 10-week BEAM intervention or treatment as usual (TAU) control group. Online surveys (ensuring researcher blinding) included questions about feasibility and acceptability of the program and pre/post self-report measures of mental health, parenting, positive coping and child behavior outcomes. The primary outcome measures were symptoms of depression and parenting stress. Data were analyzed using mixed models and an intention-to-treat approach.Results65 participants were randomized, by an online allocation tool, to the BEAM (n = 33) and TAU (n = 32) groups. Engagement was relatively high at the beginning of the program, with 78.8% starting the BEAM App and 70.6% attending ≥1 telehealth session. Most respondents felt socially supported, satisfied with the App, and found it easy to use. Pre-post results indicated interaction effects with greater reductions in overall mental health problems, and specifically anxiety and sleep symptoms, among BEAM vs. control participants. There were also time effects with reductions in depression symptoms across both groups. No significant treatment effects emerged for the other mental health symptoms, parenting problems, positive coping, or child behavior outcomes. Descriptive data are included to highlight possible areas of promise for future large efficacy trials. Technological difficulties and other challenges that may have led to attrition and impacted outcomes are discussed. There were no adverse events related to study participation.ConclusionsThe BEAM program has promise as a novel, feasible and acceptable intervention for improving mental health among mothers of young children.Clinical Trial Registration[www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04772677].

Difference Between Maternal Perception and Body Weight of Their Preschool and School Child Cross-Sectional Study in the Northeast of Mexico

Objectives1) To examine differences between maternal perception of her child body weight (MPCW) and the child’ nutritional status, 2) To verify if the underestimation is more frequent in mothers of preschool children are overweight-obesity.MethodsParticipated 1845 dyads (mother - preschool and school child) from 5 Northeastern States of Mexico. The mothers answered the question, I feel my child is…(MPCW by words) and selected a sketch that represented their child's body weight (MPCW by image). Child's weight and height were measured. For the analysis, MPCW by words and by image was classified as adequate, underestimated and overestimated, and the Chi-square test was applied.ResultsMost mothers of preschool children (n = 479, 61.3%) and schoolchildren (n = 628, 59.1) are housewives and living with partner. Maternal age mean was 30.74 (SD = 6.43) and 35.58 (SD = 6.31) for mothers of preschool and school children, respectively. Overweight-obesity were found in 22.1% (n = 173) and 34.3% (n = 365) in preschoolers and schoolchildren, respectively (X2 = 33.905, gl = 2, p < .001). Underestimation of MPCW by words in children were overweight-obesity was 86.1% (n = 149) preschoolers (X2 = 797.950, gl = 4, p < .001) and schoolchildren 60.3% (n = 220) (X2 = 675.783, df = 4, p < .001) by image was 97.7%, n = 169 (X2 = 298.086, gl = 4, p < .001) preschool children and 87.1% (n = 318, X2 = 509,779, df = 4, p < .001) schoolchildren.ConclusionsPredominance of the underestimation of the child's weight was found, particularly in mothers of children are overweight-obesity, and even more notable in mothers of preschool children. It is recommended to design and deliver interventions to promote accurate MPCW, and to know current and future consequences of childhood obesity.Funding SourcesThe Kellogg's Institute of Nutrition and Health.

The Influence of Preschool Children's Mothers on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Using Fluoride Toothpaste

Dental caries in Sri Lanka appears to be a significant problem, especially among preschool children. The effect of caries prevention in the primary teeth of preschool children through the use of fluoridated dentifrices and prevention programs has not been widely addressed. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out by recruiting 635 mothers and their children in Panadura, Sri Lanka. Multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used and preschools considered as clusters to select the sample. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices. Only 66% (n=418) of mothers had fair knowledge and 2.8% (n=18) had good knowledge and the mean of the total knowledge score was 3.2 (SD ± 1.7) out of 7. Seventy four point six (n=472) had favourable attitude towards fluoridate toothpaste.83.1% of mothers and 76.6% children were using fluoridated toothpaste. 83.6% of mothers and 83.6% of children brushed their teeth twice or more than twice daily. A pea sized amount or more of toothpaste was used by 79.2% of children and 52.3% of children’s teeth were cleaned by a parent or a grandparent.81.8% of children had started using toothpaste at the age of one year or before. The results of the present study highlight the importance of giving instructions on caring for baby’s teeth during pregnancy including the selection of toothpaste for the child, time of initiation of using toothpaste, amount of toothpaste that should be used for the particular age group.

Reciprocal relationships between time pressure and mental or physical health in Australian mothers of preschool aged children

The associations between time pressure and health are typically conceptualised and examined as unidirectional. This study examined the reciprocal relationships between time pressure and mental and physical health amongst working mothers of preschool children; a high-risk group for feeling time pressured. Using 5 waves of a panel study of Australian mothers when their children were aged 0–4 (n = 3878) and cross-lagged structural equation models, we find strong significant negative reciprocal associations between time pressure and mental and physical health, although these reciprocal associations were stronger and more consistent over time for mental health. Our results indicate that physical health takes a couple of years to deteriorate to a point where the reciprocal effects with time pressure become apparent, but for mental health the reciprocal effects are immediate, present at all time points and consistently strong. Findings suggest there are significant reciprocal health consequences of the time pressure experienced by working mothers and government policy encouraging mothers back into the workforce without adequate supports may be harmful for health.

Mindfulness, parenting behavior, and children's mental health: An investigation among diverse, low-income mothers of preschool aged children

Mindfulness is a multifaceted construct, encompassing the ability to observe, describe, accept without judgment, and act with awareness, which has been shown to have a meaningful impact on parenting. The present study evaluated the relationship between discrete facets of mindfulness, mothers' parenting behaviors, and their children's mental health via a mediation model linking parental mindfulness to their children's psychological functioning through adaptive parenting behaviors. Low-income, racially and ethnically diverse mothers (N = 137) of preschool aged children (3-6 years-old) were recruited from programs for diverse, low-income families around an urban northeastern USA area. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing mindfulness, parenting behaviors, and their children's psychological functioning. Results revealed that punitive parenting mediated the relationship between lower parental mindfulness and greater child externalizing problems. Parenting behaviors were not found to mediate the relationship between mindfulness and internalizing symptoms. Regarding facets of mindfulness, mothers' ability to describe was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms, their capacity to observe was associated with less inconsistent parenting behaviors, and their tendency to act with awareness was associated with less punitive parenting. Mothers' ability to accept without judgment was the most consistent predictor of child functioning and parenting behavior, as lower acceptance among mothers was found to significantly predict more inconsistent and punitive parenting behaviors, as well as more child externalizing and internalizing symptoms. These results support the importance of mindfulness in parenting behaviors and child psychosocial functioning in a diverse sample of low-income mothers, and highlight acceptance without judgment as a particularly meaningful target for future mindfulness-based parenting interventions.

Hesitancy for influenza vaccine among healthcare workers and mothers of preschool children: A cross-sectional study in Zagazig, Egypt.

BACKGROUND:Vaccine hesitancy is a worldwide issue. To intensify our efforts to find a solution to this problem, we need to comprehend its magnitude and underlying causes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of influenza vaccine hesitancy and the reasons for it among healthcare workers (HCWs) and mothers of preschool children attending Zagazig Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Sharqia Governorate.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Zagazig MCH Center involving 77 HCWs and 210 mothers of preschool children. Two validated questionnaires (one for HCWs and one for mothers of preschool children) were used to collect data on hesitancy to influenza vaccine. Data analysis perfomed using SPSS v 25.0. For quantitative variables, statistical significance was determined using t-test, whereas Chi-square test was employed for quantitative variables. Poisson regression model was used to determine the independent predictors of influenza vaccine hesitancy. P < 0.05 was used as a level of statistical significance.RESULTS:The prevalence of hesitancy to the influenza vaccine was 46.8% among HCWs and 54.3% among mothers of preschool children. Fear of side effects (42.9%) and doubt in the usefulness of the vaccine (42.1%) were the most frequent barriers. Hesitancy was significantly more prevalent in the negative-attitude HCWs (62.0%) than positive-attitude HCWs (18.5%). According to Poisson regression analysis, the age of the index child, the mothers' source of information, and the frequency of vaccination were the critical indicators of influenza vaccine hesitancy in the studied mothers.CONCLUSION:Influenza vaccine hesitancy among the studied sample is high (46.8% among HCWs, and 54.3% among mothers of preschool children). Periodic health education campaigns to increase awareness and change the negative attitude about the influenza vaccine are recommended.