Newborns Of Mothers Research Articles

Banana Blossom Ingestion Does Not Increase Breast Milk Volume in Mothers of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Breast milk is essential for the development of a newborn's neurological, gastrointestinal, and immune systems and helps reduce the risk of infections and infant mortality. Banana flowers, often combined with additives such as ginger, are commonly included in the country's local diets because they are believed to enhance postpartum lactation. We aimed to investigate the impact of banana blossom extract pills on breast milk volume (BMV) in mothers of preterm newborns. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted; it involved eligible preterm mothers, who were divided into two groups: a banana blossom group, which received banana blossom extract pills (36 mg/day), and a control group, which received placebo pills. All participants were given identical-looking tablets and were required to chew two tablets four times a day for 14 days. The primary outcome was the total BMV expressed (in milliliters) on the seventh day using an electric breast pump. Results: A total of 70 mothers of premature newborns were randomly allocated in equal numbers to either the banana blossom intervention group or the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the median BMV on the seventh day postpartum (333 versus 350 mL, p = 0.73). A similar trend was observed on the 14th day postpartum (331 versus 510.0 mL, p = 0.6). Additionally, no significant differences were observed regarding maternal and neonatal adverse events. Conclusions: The administration of banana blossom extract pills (36 mg/day) to mothers with preterm infants did not increase the BMV on the seventh day postpartum.

Mothers Falling Asleep During Infant Feeding.

Falling asleep while feeding (FAF) infants is common. Our primary objectives were to examine (1) maternally reported prevalence of FAF and if planned; (2) association between FAF and sociodemographic factors, feeding method, and sleep location; and (3) if receipt of education about safe sleep and bedsharing risks was associated with FAF. In the Social Media and Risk-reduction Training study, US mothers of newborns were randomized to educational messaging promoting infant safe sleep or breastfeeding. We analyzed data from 1259 mothers who responded to the postpartum survey (mean infant age, 11.2 weeks). We used generalized estimating equation logistic regression models to examine the extent that sociodemographic characteristics, feeding type, usual nighttime feeding location, and intervention group were associated with FAF. A total of 28.2% of mothers reported FAF usually or sometimes in the last 2 weeks, 83.4% of whom reported that FAF was unplanned. There were no differences in the odds of FAF by sociodemographic factors. Compared with mothers whose nighttime feeding location was their bed, mothers who reported feeding in a chair were less likely to FAF (33.6% versus 16.8%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.56). FAF was reported less frequently by mothers who received safe sleep interventions (15.6%), compared with mothers who received breastfeeding interventions (33.0%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.65). FAF is reported commonly among US mothers and is predominantly unplanned. Mothers who received safe sleep messaging were less likely to report FAF. New parents need guidance on planning for optimal safety during infant feeding.

Effectiveness of a Sugar Consumption Prevention Program in the First Year of Life on the Occurrence of Early Childhood Caries: A Multicentric Randomized Trial in Brazil.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a nutritional counseling program for mothers of newborns to prevent sugar consumption in the first year of the child's life on the occurrence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC). A multicentric randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03841123) was conducted in three state capitals of Brazil (n=516). Mothers were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG) after delivery. The IG received face-to-face nutritional counseling based on UNICEF dietary guidelines, followed by monthly phone calls. The CG received standard counseling. Dietary intake was measured through structured questionnaires and 24-hour recalls at six and 12 months. Calibrated dentists performed a dental clinical examination for ECC diagnosis after the children completed their first year of life. The prevalence of ECC was 17.4% in the overall sample (49/290). The number of affected teeth ranged from 0 to 6 (mean 0.43). The IG had a 2.4 times probability of not consuming sugar in the first six months of the child's life (RR 2.44; 95% CI 1.18-5.00) and they had Fa significantly lower mean number of sweet items consumed at 12 months (p=0.016). No significant differences between groups were found concerning the occurrence of ECC (RR 1.33; 95% CI 0.79-2.25) or the number of teeth affected by caries (p=0.273). The intervention to prevent and reduce sugar intake in the first year of life was not effective at reducing the occurrence of early childhood caries or the number of teeth with carious lesions.

Associations Between Overweight in Early Pregnancy and Newborn Conditions: A Focus on the SDGs, With Emphasis on SDG 3 for Ensuring Healthy Lives and Well-Being for All Ages

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the links between overweight in women giving birth in early pregnancy and the condition of their newborns at the Souissi maternity hospital in Rabat, two factors closely linked to the achievement of the 3rd Sustainable Development Goal, which is based on ensuring healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study conducted over a 9-month period from March to November 2022, at the Souissi maternity hospital in Rabat. Including mothers of newborns who followed their pregnancy, were either normal weight or overweight at the beginning of pregnancy, and had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Results: A total of 1,145 newborns were recruited. With a response rate of 81.65% and using a mixed questionnaire, the number of newborns surveyed was 935, subdivided into two groups. A group of mothers of normal-bodied newborns (637 cases) and a group of mothers of overweight newborns (298 cases). This study showed the existence of associations between overweight at the start of pregnancy, recorded in the mothers of the newborns surveyed, and the term of delivery (P=0.033), the course of delivery (P=0.031), the mode of delivery (P=0.005), the Apgar score at 5min below 7 (P=0.004) and neonatal complications (P=0.002). Discussion: This study, found that 68.13% of surveyed mothers had a normal BMI, while 31.87% were overweight at the beginning of pregnancy. They were more likely to have overdue deliveries (70.80% vs. 25.27% for normal-weight mothers) and dystocic deliveries (25.50% vs. 4.24%). Overweight status also correlated with higher rates of vaginal delivery (27.18% vs. 0.78% for normal-weight mothers) and poorer Apgar scores (36.58% vs. 12.56%).

Exploring the Experiences, Cultural Values, and Perceptions of Mothers of Hospitalized Newborns in Malawi: An Integrative Review of the Literature.

Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest rates of neonatal mortality. Mothers are critical to the survival of these at-risk newborns. The aim of this integrative review is to appraise the published literature on the experiences, cultural values, and perceptions of mothers of hospitalized newborns in Malawi to inform future research. This integrative review utilizes Whittemore and Knafl's review model. CINAHL, PubMed, and Academic Search Elite databases were searched. Five summarizing themes were identified across ten articles relating to the mother as a caregiver, experiences of mother as a caregiver, cultural observations and perceptions of the mother, influence of others on the mother, and discrimination and stigma. Mothers' experiences of having a newborn requiring hospitalization in Malawi are complex. Results indicate a need for more studies to understand the experiences of mothers of newborns requiring hospitalization in Malawi in order to provide culturally congruent newborn care.

Newborn community health advancements among Ethiopian Orthodox Christian women in North Gondar, Ethiopia: community-based randomised trial protocol

IntroductionDespite significant progress over past decades, neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality remain unacceptably high in Ethiopia. Simple interventions have been shown to improve the health of children and reduce...

Preventive interventions for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: A review of selected programs

Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) have high prevalence rates and profound deleterious effects on birthing people, families, and society. Counseling interventions have been shown to be effective and carry minimal risk. We review here the protocols and clinical trial data of four preventive counseling interventions that are effective at preventing PMADs. We present the Mothers and Babies (MB) program, a cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention, and Reach Out, Stay Strong, Essentials for mothers of newborns (ROSE), an interpersonal psychotherapy preventive intervention. We also present Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Depression (MBCT- PD), a preventive intervention that combines a cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based approach, and Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting (PREPP), a parent-infant dyadic intervention with psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, and psychoeducational elements. We recommend that screening for risk of PMADs (not just current mood symptoms) and providing preventive interventions to those at risk should be included as part of standard obstetrics care.

Overcoming Barriers, Embracing Opportunities: Antenatal Care Use in Lushoto, Tanzania

Introduction Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for reducing maternal mortality rates. Understanding factors affecting ANC utilization in Lushoto District, Tanzania, can improve maternal and infant health outcomes. Methods A cross-sectional study surveyed 396 pregnant women and mothers of newborns in Lushoto District health facilities. Purposive sampling was used. Data on ANC use was collected through structured questionnaires. Results Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with ANC utilization. ANC utilization was significantly associated with marital status (being married), education level (primary, secondary, or university), facility type, income level, access to information, and waiting time for care. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of addressing factors like long waiting times, facility type, information access, income level, and education to improve ANC utilization in Lushoto District. Continued health education, particularly in rural areas, is essential to reduce maternal mortality.

STABLE MICROBUBBLE TEST IN THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF NEWBORN RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Objective: To analyze the importance of SMT in the early diagnosis of NRDS in newborns (NB) with gestational age between 32 and 37 weeks with respiratory distress. Methodology: observational, cohort study. Data collection occurred in a public hospital in southern Brazil between March 2018 and February 2020. Results: The groups of patients with and without respiratory distress were compared in relation to the number of stable microbubbles. Among the NBs with respiratory distress (RD), 50% presented between 15 and 50 SM/mm² and 50% above 50 SM/mm². On the other hand, 18% of the patients without RD presented between 15 and 50 SM/mm², while 82% presented more than 50 SM/mm², with no significant difference or association. The mothers of NBs with RD received pre-delivery corticosteroid therapy, a protective factor for developing NRDS, not requiring the administration of exogenous surfactant. Conclusion: using the SMT to aid in the diagnosis of NRDS was an effective method since there was no NB with less than 15 SM/mm² and no NB required exogenous surfactant. Certainly, the amount greater than 15 SM/mm² in NB with respiratory distress accuses moderate or severe SDRRN, which does not require administrating exogenous surfactant.

Mothers’ Experiences of Factors Affecting Their Sleep in the NICU: A Phenomenological Study

Background: The admission of an infant to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has the potential to increase the mother’s anxiety and stress. Mothers spend long hours and sometimes days nonstop at their infant’s bedside. The present study aimed to explore the lived experiences of mothers about the factors affecting their sleep in the NICU. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using directed content analysis on 16 mothers in the NICU at Fatemieh Hospital affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. The data in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews. The content of the interviews was recorded, transcribed, codified, and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis. Results: The analysis of the data revealed 168 primary codes, 19 subcategories, and 8 main categories. The main themes extracted from the mothers’ sleep experiences were individual factors (physical and psychological factors and adaptation to the conditions), environmental factors (physical, social, and economic factors), and occupation (daily activities and duties). Conclusion: Individual and environmental factors and employment are effective in the sleep of mothers in the NICU. These findings enhance our understanding of mothers’ sleep experiences and highlight the importance of addressing these factors in preventing and treating sleep disorders in mothers of newborns in research and clinical practice.

To study the impact of expressing breastmilk inside the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) besides a neonate, in comparison to expression outside the NICU: A quasi experimental study

Introduction: The proximity of the mother to the newborn following delivery is essential for the early initiation and establishment of exclusive breast feeding. It leads to the conditioning of the oxytocin reflex, allowing the expression of breast milk. However, preterm and sick babies are nursed in an environment away from their mothers in the NICU, thus leading to delayed initiation and inadequate expression of breast milk. Objective: To estimate the volume of breastmilk expressed close to the baby in comparison to breastmilk expressed away from her baby. Method: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare hospital in Hyderabad over a duration of one month. Postpartum mothers of newborns delivered in this hospital and admitted to the NICU were included in the study. The enrolled mothers were shown a video and poster on manual expression of breast milk and were assisted by lactational counselors for support. The enrolled mothers initially expressed milk in the mother’s room, and an average of three expressions was taken. The next day, the mother was asked to go near the baby in the NICU and express milk in front of her baby, and the average of three feeds was determined in a similar fashion. Data analysis was done using a paired t-test. Results: A total of 30 postnatal mothers were enrolled in the study. The mean volume of breast milk expressed by the mother in the mother’s room was 9.9 ± 2.5ml and the mean volume of breast milk obtained when expressed close to her baby in the newborn care unit was 11.2 ± 2.7ml. The volume of milk expressed near the baby was significantly higher when compared to milk expressed away from the newborn (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that mothers who expressed their feed near their admitted newborns in the newborn care unit had a significant increase in the volume of expressed breastmilk in comparison to expressing the milk away from their babies.

The Effect of Hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on Maternal Stress and Attachment: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Environment Effect.

This study investigated the effects of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to congenital pneumonia (CP) on maternal stress and attachment, focusing on how the duration of invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation, length of NICU stay, and postpartum breastfeeding initiation time influence mother-infant attachment. Conducted among 30 mothers of 3-month-old infants admitted to the NICU with CP and a control group (n = 30), it analyzed the impact of medical intervention durations and breastfeeding initiation on maternal stress and attachment using statistical methods. The maternal stress in the NICU group was significantly higher than in the control group (P = .014). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in attachment scores (P = .141). The study revealed that longer invasive mechanical ventilation (P < .001) and NICU stay (P < .001) significantly increased maternal stress. Maternal stress (P < .001) and breastfeeding initiation time(P < .001) exhibit a negative correlation with attachment scores (P < .001). It is crucial to implement interventions aimed at reducing maternal stress and fostering maternal-infant attachment for mothers of newborns admitted to the NICU. The sustained application of these interventions post discharge holds significance for the mental health of mothers and mother-infant attachment.

Parental perception of neonatal care in urban slums of Jammu city

Background: India is undergoing rapid urbanization and many rural residents relocate to urban regions in search of employment, better living conditions and access to education and health care facilities. Neonatal morbidity and mortality are attributed to misperceptions in the community about newborn care. In many parts of urban slums in India, care seeking from multiple providers and use of traditional/home remedies hampered appropriate and timely medical care seeking. Aim was to study awareness, knowledge and practice of newborn care among postnatal mothers in Urban slums of Jammu city. Methods: This observational study was conducted in Urban slums of Jammu city. A total of 100 mothers of newborns residing in urban slums participated in the study after taking Informed Consent from them. A self-structured proforma was used to collect data. Results: Most of the deliveries were conducted in hospital (82%) and 18% were home deliveries. Regarding newborn care practices 88 % had wrapped the newborn with clean cloth immediately after birth. 58% of newborns were given first bath within 2-7 days. 39% of mothers-initiated breast feeding within 6-24 hours. Majority (68%) newborns were fed with colostrum. Regarding cord cutting procedures among home deliveries, it was observed that clean blade was used in 15 newborns while in 3 cases aseptic practice for cord cutting was not followed. Conclusions: Good newborn practices like promotion of warmth, cord care, hygiene and early breastfeeding should be the main focus of community-based health workers. The present study concluded that some unhealthy neonatal care practices were still found to be prevalent which can be mitigated by increasing awareness among parents through IEC activities.

Human milk proteins differentiate over the sex of newborns and across stages of lactation

Background & AimsHuman milk (HM) is a complete food that meets the nutritional and energy demands of the newborns. It contains numerous bioactive components, including functional proteins. Variations in HM energy and lipid content have already been reported related to the newborn's sex, but differences between protein profiles are still scarce. This work aimed to identify differences between HM proteins produced by mothers of female and male newborns, in the lactation stages of colostrum and mature milk, and the metabolic pathways involved. MethodsA total of 98 HM samples were collected from 39 lactating women and classified according to the newborn's sex, stages of lactation, and three mothers' age groups, and evaluated about protein concentration and one-dimensional electrophoretic profile. Next, to assess samples with the greatest differences, the HM proteins regarding the newborn's sex and the stages of lactation were compared using nano-LC-MS/MS, in 24 HM samples randomly rearranged into four groups: female and male infants, and colostrum and mature milk. Functional classification, metabolic pathways, and protein interaction networks were analyzed by Gene Ontology, KEGG, and STRING, respectively. ResultsThe soluble protein content of HM decreased throughout lactation, with differences regarding isolated factors, such as mothers' age group, child's sex and stages of lactation, and also in terms of their interactions. A total of 146 proteins were identified, 42 of which showed different abundances over the sexes of newborns and 53 between the stages of lactation. In general, proteins related to metabolic processes were up-regulated for mothers of male infants and in the mature stage of lactation, while proteins related to defense were up-regulated in mothers of female infants and in the colostrum phase. ConclusionThis study indicated that there are differentiated and specific nutritional and defense needs of newborns, by sex and by lactation phase, which is highly relevant for a more appropriate supply of food to infants receiving HM from donor mothers.

Transmission of Hepatitis B in Newborn Mothers with Positive Hbs in the Csref of Commune V of the District of Bamako

The main cause of chronic HBsAg carriage is mother-to-child transmission. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus in newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2021 at the CSREF in Commune V. Sampling was exhaustive, and all newborns whose mothers were carriers of hepatitis B were included in the study. Results: One hundred and twenty newborns out of 3197 referred from the maternity unit, representing a frequency of 3.7% of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Eighty newborns were included. The other 40 were not included because the mothers refused. Among the mothers, 11/80 tested positive for HBeAg and anti-HBs, with 2 positive results (18.18%). Twelve pregnant women had viral load tests, with two positive results (16.66%). Six of the 80 pregnant women had received tenofovir during pregnancy (7.5%), and all the newborns had negative HBsAg results at 4 months of age. Conclusion : Low realization of viral markers of hepatitis B and treatment during pregnancy.

Determinants of birth asphyxia among new born babies in Bekoji public hospital, Arsi zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia, 2023

Background: Birth asphyxia stands out as a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality among newborns. However, the determinants of birth asphyxia have not been thoroughly investigated within the local context, particularly in this specific area. Hence, this study aims to identify these determinants to tackle the issue effectively. Objectives: The goal of this study is to pinpoint the determinants of birth asphyxia at Bekoji Public Hospital in Bekoji Town, Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Southeast Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods: A case-control study was conducted between June 1, 2023, and August 30, 2023. A total of 198 newborns (75 cases and 123 controls) at Bekoji Public Hospital were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data collection involved a checklist for record review and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered into Epi Data version 7.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Variables with a P-value &lt; 0.25 were subjected to multivariable regression analysis. The Odds Ratio estimated with a 95% Confidence Interval was utilized to indicate the strength of association, with a significance level set at P &lt; 0.05. Results: 196 mothers of newborns (73 cases and 123 controls) were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 98.9%. Factors such as prolonged duration of labor (AOR=2.54; [95% CI: 1.78, 6.39]), delivery by Caesarean section (AOR=0.64; [95% CI: 0.004, 1.114]), presence of stained amniotic fluid (AOR=0.473; [95% CI: 0.180, 1.242]), and non-cephalic fetal presentation (AOR=2.12; [95% CI: 1.019, 3.80]) were identified as predictors of birth asphyxia. Additionally, being male (AOR=1.885; [95% CI: 0.899, 3.950]) was also found to be a predictive factor for birth asphyxia. Conclusion and recommendations: Duration of labor, fetal presentation, type of amniotic fluid, mode of delivery, and the gender of newborns emerged as significantly associated factors with birth asphyxia. As a result, interventions targeting these factors, particularly focusing on duration of labor and fetal presentation, should be rigorously implemented.

Mothers' acceptability of using novel technology with video and audio recording during newborn resuscitation: A cross-sectional survey.

This study aims to assess the acceptability of a novel technology, MAchine Learning Application (MALA), among the mothers of newborns who required resuscitation. This study took place at Bharatpur Hospital, which is the second-largest public referral hospital with 13 000 deliveries per year in Nepal. This is a cross-sectional survey. Data collection took place from January 21 to February 13, 2022. Self-administered questionnaires on acceptability (ranged 1-5 scale) were collected from participating mothers. The acceptability of the MALA system, which included video and audio recordings of the newborn resuscitation, was examined among mothers according to their age, parity, education level and technology use status using a stratified analysis. The median age of 21 mothers who completed the survey was 25 years (range 18-37). Among them, 11 mothers (52.4%) completed their bachelor's or master's level of education, 13 (61.9%) delivered first child, 14 (66.7%) owned a computer and 16 (76.2%) carried a smartphone. Overall acceptability was high that all participating mothers positively perceived the novel technology with video and audio recordings of the infant's care during resuscitation. There was no statistical difference in mothers' acceptability of MALA system, when stratified by mothers' age, parity, or technology usage (p>0.05). When the acceptability of the technology was stratified by mothers' education level (up to higher secondary level vs. bachelor's level or higher), mothers with Bachelor's degree or higher more strongly felt that they were comfortable with the infant's care being video recorded (p = 0.026) and someone using a tablet when observing the infant's care (p = 0.046). Compared with those without a computer (n = 7), mothers who had a computer at home (n = 14) more strongly agreed that they were comfortable with someone observing the resuscitation activity of their newborns (71.4% vs. 14.3%) (p = 0.024). The novel technology using video and audio recordings for newborn resuscitation was accepted by mothers in this study. Its application has the potential to improve resuscitation quality in low-and-middle income settings, given proper informed consent and data protection measures are in place.

Birth Prevalence of Sickle Cell Disease and County-Level Social Vulnerability - Sickle Cell Data Collection Program, 11 States, 2016-2020.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a public health priority in the United States because of its association with complex health needs, reduced life expectancy, lifelong disabilities, and high cost of care. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted to calculate the crude and race-specific birth prevalence for SCD using state newborn screening program records during 2016-2020 from 11 Sickle Cell Data Collection program states. The percentage distribution of birth mother residence within Social Vulnerability Index quartiles was derived. Among 3,305 newborns with confirmed SCD (including 57% with homozygous hemoglobin S or sickle β-null thalassemia across 11 states, 90% of whom were Black or African American [Black], and 4% of whom were Hispanic or Latino), the crude SCD birth prevalence was 4.83 per 10,000 (one in every 2,070) live births and 28.54 per 10,000 (one in every 350) non-Hispanic Black newborns. Approximately two thirds (67%) of mothers of newborns with SCD lived in counties with high or very high levels of social vulnerability; most mothers lived in counties with high or very high levels of vulnerability for racial and ethnic minority status (89%) and housing type and transportation (64%) themes. These findings can guide public health, health care systems, and community program planning and implementation that address social determinants of health for infants with SCD. Implementation of tailored interventions, including increasing access to transportation, improving housing, and advancing equity in high vulnerability areas, could facilitate care and improve health outcomes for children with SCD.

Thrombophilia and newborn

Introduction: The term thrombophilia (TF) describes disorders associated with an increased predisposition of developing venous thromboembolism. Thrombotic accidents during pregnancy are now widely recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To compare maternal and term newborn (NB) characteristics between healthy and thrombophilic pregnancies. Methods: The study included 31 full-term newborns whose mothers were diagnosed with TF before the current pregnancy and treatment was carried out through it. In the control group were included 37 full-term NBs. NB indicators which were used are gender, gestation age, birth weight, Apgar score, morbidity during the early neonatal period, hospital stay, treatment during the early neonatal period. The indicators for the mothers are the type of TF, mechanism of childbirth, sequence of pregnancy and sequence of childbirth. Results: In the observed groups of patients, we found that mothers with TF have an average higher age and have a higher number of unsuccessful pregnancies. Тhey more often give birth by operation. The higher the number of maternal TF mutations, the more unsuccessful pregnancies. The NB of mothers with TF have a lower Apgar score, develop RDS more often during the early neonatal period and need a larger volume of therapeutic manipulations and have a significantly longer hospital stay. Conclusions: TF in pregnant women, even when adequate treatment is administered during pregnancy, is associated with increased morbidity in their full-term NBs during the early neonatal period. This requires additional therapeutic measures in full-term newborns and is associated with a prolonged hospital stay.

The role of controllability, resources, and effort in reducing prejudice against "unmarried" mothers.

The term "unmarried" mothers is widely used in South Korea to indicate that carrying a baby without marriage is not culturally acceptable. A societal stigma, which single mothers experience, causes more abortion and doubles the burden of parenting alone. This study aimed to identify what type of information (onset/before pregnancy controllability, offset/after pregnancy ability and effort) contributes to reducing stigmatization toward unmarried mothers. The findings showed that offset effort information has a robust impact on participants' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward mothers of newborns out of wedlock across the three studies (n = 275; n = 266; n = 227, respectively) with different targets (a minor and an adult of 25 years old) and different participants (college students and adults above 30 years old). This pro-effort bias increased behavioral intentions of helping single mothers through the moderators of onset controllability and offset ability and the mediators of cognitive and affective responses. In particular, Study 2 found individual differences, such as type of interpersonal attitude, gender-role attitude, and family communication style moderated the relationship of offset effort with behavioral intentions. Mothers who made an effort to build a better future were ascribed fewer negative stereotypes, evoked more positive emotions, and were considered to deserve more help and support from the public. The findings have implications for communication interventions to lower prejudice against unwed mothers in South Korea. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).